大学英语六级考试模拟试卷五十（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷五十（总分，710.00,做题时间，130分钟）SectionA（总题数；2,分数：356.00）Womenmightbeonamoreevenfootingatwork,butathometheircareerstendtotakeabackseattotheirhusband'sjob,accordingtoaUSstudy.ResearcherYoungjooCha,fromCornellUniversity,foundthatworkingwomenwithahusbandwhoworked50hoursormoreaweekfoundthemselvesstilldoingmostofthehouseworkandthecaregivingandweremorelikelytoendup[Cl]theirjobs.Ananalysisof8,484professionalworkersand17,648[C2]fromdual-earnerfamiliesshowedthatifwomenhadahusbandwhoworked60hoursormoreperweek,itincreasedthewoman's[C3]ofgivingupherpaidjobby42percent.Thepossibilityofresigningincreasedto51percentforprofessionalwomen,andforprofessionalmothersthepossibilityjumpedto112percent.However,itdidnot[C4]affectaman'spossibilityofresigningifhiswifeworked60hoursormoreperweek.Forprofessionalmen,bothparentsandnon-parents,theeffectsofawifeworkinglonghourswere[C5],accordingtothestudy.nAslongworkhoursintroduce[C6]betweenworkandfamilyintomanydual-earnerfamilies,couplesoftenresolveitinwaysthat[C7]husbands'careers/1Cha,whouseddatafromtheUSCensusBureau,saidinastatement.'Thiseffectis[C8]amongworkersinprofessionalandmanagerialoccupations,wherethenormofoverworkandthecultureofintensiveparentingtendtobestrongest.Thefindingssuggestthatthe[C9]ofoverworkmayleadmanydual-earnercouplestoreturntoatraditionalseparatespheresarrangement一[CIO]menandhomemakingwomen*nA） breadwinningI）oddsB） conflictJ）prevalenceC） confrontK）primarilyD） magnifiedL）primitiveE） magnitudeM）prioritizeF） negativeN）quittingG） negligible0）significantlyH） nonprofessionals（分数：178.0）（Cll（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：N）解析：[C2]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：H）解析：[C3]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：I）解析：[C4]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案；。）解析：[C5]（分数：17,8）填空项1：（正确答案：G）解析：[C6]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：B）解析：[C7]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：M）解析：[C8]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：D）解析：[C91（分数：17,8）填空项1：（正确答案：J）解析：[C10]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：A）解析：Weoftenthinkofagricultureasplantingseedsandharvestingcrops.Butmanycropsdonotcomefromseeds.Manykindsoftreesandplantsaregrownfrom[Cl]cutfromexistingtreesandplants.Thisiscalledgrafting（嫁接）.Farmerscutbranchesoryounggrowths,called（C2],fromoneplantandplacethemonarelatedkindofplant.Thebranchorbudthatisgraftediscalledascion（接穗）.Theplantthat[C3]thegraftiscalledtherootstock.Overtime,the【C4】fromthetwoplantsgrowtogether.Thegraftedplantbeginsto[C5]theleavesandfruitofthescion,nottherootstock.Agraftcanbecutinseveralways.Acleftgraft（割接，劈接），forexample,requiresascionwithseveralbudsonit.Thebottomofthescioniscutinthe（C6]oftheletterV.Aplaceiscutintherootstocktoacceptthescion.Thescionisthen[C7]placedintothecutontherootstock.Growthmediumisputonthe[C8]tokeepitwetandhelpthegrowth.Graftingcanjoinscionswith[C9]qualitiestorootstockthatisstrongandresistsdiseaseandinsects.Somecommonfruittreessuchassweetcherrieshavetobegrafted.Inanageofhigh-technologyagriculture,graftingisalow-technologymethodthatremains[CIO]important.A） blossomsI）acceptsB） piecesJ）relativelyC） composesK）growD） partsL）desirableE） securelyM）produceF） extremelyN）shapeG） buds0）jointH） agreeable（分数：178.0）[Cl]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：B）解析：[C2]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：G）解析：[C31（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：I）解析：[C4]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：D）解析：[C51（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：M）解析：[C6]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：N）解析：[C7]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：E）解析：[C8]（分数：17.8）填空项1：（正确答案：解析：[C9]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：L）解析：[C10]（分数：17.8）填空项1:（正确答案：F）解析：SectionB（总题数：1,分数；177.00）DoestheInternetMakeYouDumber?A） TheRomanphilosopherSenecamayhaveputitbest2,000yearsago:"Tobeeverywhereistobenowhere."Today,theInternetgrantsuseasyaccesstounprecedentedamountsofinformation.ButagrowingbodyofscientificevidencesuggeststhattheInternet,withitsconstantdistractionsandinterruptions,isalsoturningusintodisruptedandsuperficialthinkers.B） Thepictureemergingfromtheresearchisdeeplytroubling,atleasttoanyonewhovaluesthedepth,ratherthanjustthevelocity（速度），ofhumanthought.Peoplewhoreadtextstuddedwithlinks,thestudiesshow,comprehendlessthanthosewhoreadtraditionallineartext.Peoplewhowatchbusymultimediapresentationsrememberlessthanthosewhotakeininformationinamoresedate(镇定的)andfocusedmanner.Peoplewhoarecontinuallydistractedbye-mails,alertsandothermessagesunderstandlessthanthosewhoareabletoconcentrate.Andpeoplewhojuggle(尽力同时应付)manytasksarelesscreativeandlessproductivethanthosewhodoonethingatatime.Thecommonthreadinthesedisabilitiesisdispersingourattention.Therichnessofourthoughts,ourmemoriesandevenourpersonalitieshingesonourabilitytofocusthemindandsustainconcentration.Onlywhenwepaydeepattentiontoanewpieceofinformationareweabletoassociateit11meaningfullyandsystematicallywithknowledgealreadywellestablishedinmemory/1writestheNobelPrize-winningneuroscientist(神经科学家)EricKandeLSuchassociationsareessentialtomasteringcomplexconcepts.Whenwe'reconstantlydistractedandinterrupted,aswetendtobeonline,ourbrainsareunabletogeneralizethestrongandexpansiveneuralconnectionsthatgivedepthanddistinctivenesstoourcontemplating.Webecomemeresignal-processingunits,quicklyshepherdingdisjointedbitsofinformationintoandthenoutofshort-termmemory.InanarticlepublishedinSciencelastyear,PatriciaGreenfield,aleadingdevelopmentalpsychologist,revieweddozensofstudiesonhowdifferentmediatechnologiesinfluenceourcognitiveabilities.Someofthestudiesindicatedthatcertaincomputertasks,likeplayingvideogames,canenhance'"visualliteracyskills'1,increasingthespeedatwhichpeoplecanshifttheirfocusamongiconsandotherimagesonscreens.Otherstudies,however,foundthatsuchrapidshiftsinfocus,evenifperformedadeptly,resultinlessrigorousand"moreautomatic"thinking,InoneexperimentconductedatCornellUniversity,forexample,halfaclassofstudentswasallowedtouseInternet-connectedlaptopsduringalecture,whiletheotherhadtokeeptheircomputersshut.ThosewhobrowsedtheWebperformedmuchworseonasubsequenttestofhowwelltheyretainedthelecture'scontent.Whileit'shardlysurprisingthatWebsurfingwoulddistractstudents,itshouldbeanoteofcautiontoschoolsthatarewiringtheirclassroomsinhopesofimprovinglearning.Ms.Greenfieldconcludedthat"everymediumdevelopssomecognitiveskillsattheexpenseofothers."Ourgrowinguseofscreen-basedmedia,shesaid,hasstrengthenedvisual-spatialintelligence,whichcanimprovetheabilitytodojobsthatinvolvekeepingtrackoflotsofsimultaneoussignals,likeairtrafficcontrol.Butthathasbeenaccompaniedby"newweaknessesinhigher-ordercognitiveprocesses'",including^abstractvocabulary,mindfulness,reflection,inductiveproblemsolving,criticalthinking,andimagination."We'rebecoming,inaword,shallower.Inanotherexperiment,recentlyconductedatStanfordUniversity'sCommunicationbetweenHumansandInteractiveMediaLab,ateamofresearchersgavevariouscognitiveteststo49peoplewhodoalotofmediamultitaskingand52peoplewhomultitaskmuchlessfrequently.Theheavymultitaskersperformedpoorlyonallthetests.Theyweremoreeasilydistracted,hadlesscontrolovertheirattention,andweremuchlessabletodistinguishimportantinformationfromtrivial.Theresearchersweresurprisedbytheresults.Theyhadexpectedthattheintensivemultitaskerswouldhavegainedsomeuniquementaladvantagesfromalltheiron-screenjuggling.Butthatwasn'tthecase.Infact,theheavymultitaskersweren'tevengoodatmultitasking.Theywereconsiderablylessadeptatswitchingbetweentasksthanthemoreinfrequentmultitaskers."Everythingdistractsthem/'observedCliffordNass,theprofessorwhoheadstheStanfordlab.Itwouldbeonethingiftheilleffectswentawayassoonasweturnedoffourcomputersandcellphones.Buttheydon't.Thecellularstructureofthehumanbrain,scientistshavediscovered,adaptsreadilytothetoolsweuse,includingthoseforfinding,storingandsharinginformation.Bychangingourhabitsofmind,eachnewtechnologystrengthenscertainneuralpathwaysandweakensothers.Thecellularalterationscontinuetoshapethewaywethinkevenwhenwe'renotusingthetechnology.ThepioneeringneuroscientistMichaelMerzenichbelievesourbrainsarebeing"massivelyremodeled"byourever-intensifyinguseoftheWebandrelatedmedia.Inthe1970sand1980s,Mr.Merzenich,nowaprofessoremeritusattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco,conductedafamousseriesofexperimentsonprimatebrainsthatrevealedhowextensivelyandquicklyneuralcircuitschangeinresponsetoexperience.When,forexample,Mr.Merzenichrearrangedthenervesinamonkey'shand,thenervecellsintheanimal'ssensorycortexquicklyreorganizedthemselvestocreateanew"mentalmap"ofthehand.Inaconversationlatelastyear,hesaidthathewasprofoundlyworriedaboutthecognitiveconsequencesoftheconstantdistractionsandinterruptionstheInternetbombardsuswith.Thelong-termeffectonthequalityofourintellectuallives,hesaid,couldbe"deadly".Whatweseemtobesacrificinginalloursurfingandsearchingisourcapacitytoengageinthequieter,attentivemodesofthoughtthatunderpincontemplation,reflectionandintrospection.TheWebneverencouragesustoslowdown.Itkeepsusinastateofperpetualmentallocomotion.Itisrevealing,anddistressing,tocomparethecognitiveeffectsoftheInternetwiththoseofanearlierinformationtechnology,theprintedbook.WhereastheInternetscattersourattention,thebookfocusesit.Unlikethescreen,thepagepromotescontemplativeness.Readingalongsequenceofpageshelpsusdevelopararekindofmentaldiscipline.Theinnatebiasofthehumanbrain,afterall,istobedistracted.Ourpredispositionistobeawareofasmuchofwhat'sgoingonaroundusaspossible.Ourfast-paced,reflexiveshiftsinfocuswereoncecrucialtooursurvival.Theyreducedtheoddsthatapredatorwouldtakeusbysurpriseorthatwe'doverlookanearbysourceoffood.Toreadabookistopracticeanunnaturalprocessofthought.ItrequiresustoplaceourselvesatwhatT.S.Eliot,inhispoemFourQuartets,called"thestillpointoftheturningworld".Wehavetoforgeorstrengthentheneurallinksneededtocounterourinstinctivedistractedness,therebygaininggreatercontroloverourattentionandourmind.Itisthiscontrol,thismentaldiscipline,whichweareatriskoflosingaswespendevermoretimescanningandskimmingonline.Iftheslowprogressionofwordsacrossprintedpagesdampedourcravingtobeinundatedbymentalstimulation,theInternetindulgesit.Itreturnsustoournativestateofdistractedness,whilepresentinguswithfarmoredistractionsmanourancestorseverhadtocontendwith.NicholasCarristheauthor,mostrecently,ofTheShallows:WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains.（分数：177.0）Rapidshiftsinfocusonscreensduringcomputertaskscancausemoreautomaticbutlessintensivethoughts.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：E）解析：FromthetextfilledwithInternetlinks,peoplecangetlessinformationthanfromnormalreading.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：B）解析：AccordingtoMs.Greenfield,ourgrowinguseofscreen-basedmediahasimprovedvisual-spatialintelligence.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：G）解析：Therichnessofourmemoriesreliesonourabilitytofocusonsomething.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：C）解析：Unprecedentedamountsofinformationmakesushavescatteredthoughts.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：A）解析：Whenweturnoffourcomputersandcellphones,theilleffectswillnotdisappear.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：J）解析：Whenweareonline,ourbrainscannotformdistinctiveandprofoundthinking.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：D）解析：WhereastheInternetdistractsourattention,thebookmakesusconcentrate.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：L）解析：TheexperimentconductedatCornellUniversityindicatesthatWebsurfingwoulddistractstudents.（分数：17.7）填空项1：（正确答案：F）解析：AccordingtotheexperimentatStanfordUniversity,themultitaskers'attentionwaseasilyscattered.（分数：17.7）填空项1： （正确答案：H）解析：SectionC（总题数：2,分数：177.00）PresidentObamahasbeentakingsomeheatintechnologycirclesovercommentshemadeatacommencementaddressovertheweekendaboutiPodsandiPadsandotherdigitaldistractions.Becauseofthesethings,hesaid,"informationbecomesadistraction,adiversion,aformofentertainment,ratherthanatoolofempowerment,ratherthanthemeansofemancipation."Ihatetosaythis,buthe'sright.Rememberwhencomputersweresupposedtosaveustime?Nowitseemsjusttheopposite.TheInternetjustkeepsgivingusmorewaystodonothing.Wehavemoreinformationthaneverbefore.We'reneverawayfromit.Theairaroundusfairlyhumswithit.Computersareallaroundustoo——they'reonourdesks,inourpockets,onourcoffeetables.AndyetIcan'tshakethesensethatweareallbecomingstupiderandstupider—andthatweare,onaverage,lesswellinformedtodaythanwewereagenerationago.We'rereadinge-mail.We'retweetingandretweeting.We'redownloadingapps,anduploadingphotos.We'reupdatingourFacebookstatusandreadingournewsfeedsandtellingthewholeworldwhatwelikeanddon'tlike,becauseforsomereasonweimaginethatthewholeworldactuallycares.Youknowwhatwe'renotdoing?We'renotthinking.We'reprocessing.There'sadifference.We'reputtingourbrainsintoneutral,andrevolving（吏旋转）theengine.We'redigitallyataloss,clickingonlinksandswimmingthroughatorrentofuselessgarbagebeingthrownatusbyidiotsandself-promoters,so-calledexpertsandmarketingpeople.We'reimmersingourselvesingameslikeFarmvilleandMafiaWars,obsessedaboutearningenergypacks,spendingbillionsofdollarsonvirtualgardeningtools.We'returningtheworldaroundusintoavideogame,usingsiteslikeFoursquaretotellourfriendswherewe'reeatinglunch,andcompetingtoseewhocanbecome"mayor"ofsomerestaurant.Meanwhile,inthemidstofallthis,GlennBeckhasbecomeaninfluentialtelevisioncommentator,andSarahPalinisacrediblecandidateforpresidentin2012.Youthinkthisisacoincidence?Noway.What'shappeningisthis:wearebeingsooverwhelmedbythenoiseandjunkzooming（嗡嗡声）pastusthatwe'rebecomingimmunetoit.We'vebecomeanationofInternet-poweredfools,withanever-lowerthresholdforboredom.BeckandPalinaretheinevitableoutcomeofthatdevolution.Theyare,infact,whatwe'vecreated.Wehaveamazingnewsystemsandtoolsforcommunicatinginformation.Theproblemiswe'vebecomesofascinatedwiththemeansoftransmissionthatwe'velostsightofwhat'sactuallypassingalongoverthewiresandairwaves.Sadly,Idon'tseethatchanginganytimesoon.Ifanything,Iimagineitwillgetworse.（分数：88.5）WhydoesPresidentObamagiveanegativecommentonhigh-techdigitalproducts?（分数：17.7）Becausetheseproductshaveseverelyaffectedourpowerintheworld.Becausetheyonlybringusconfusingideasandfunnyentertainments.Becausetheyaredesignedtoconfineourhorizonstoacertainscope.□.Becausetheyhaven'tbroughtustheeffectonourlifetheyaresupposedto.7解析：32.Intheauthor'sopinion,theuseofcomputers.（分数：17.7）willfinallyleadtoastupidraceofhumanbeingshasbroughtaneffectoppositetoourpreviousanticipationVprovestobeeffectiveandefficientformodernpeopleissopopularthatwecanseethemeverywherewego解析：Whatdoesthesentence"We'reprocessing."（Line4,Para.4）mean?（分数：17.7）A.Wetrynottoanalyzeorevaluateanyinformationwereceive.WeadoptandtransmitwhateverinformationwegetfromtheNet.Wedownloadanduploadinformationinordertocatchattention.Wedealwithinformationwithoutgivinganyanalyticalthoughtaboutit.V解析：GlennBeckandSarahPalin'scasesremindusthattheInternet.（分数:17.7）hasthefunctionofturninganormalpersonintoanidiotisunderthecontrolofagroupofpeoplewithpoorintelligencehasmadeusloseourabilitytothink,analyzeorcriticizeJhashelpedrealizethetransferofpublicitypower解析：35.ltcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatcommunication•（分数：17.7）shouldbefocusedonitscontentsratherthanitstransmittingformsJwillinevitablychangeitsformstocaterfortheageClosesitsanalyzingabilitywhenfacedwithabundantinformationcanbeconveyedwithouttheuseofwiresorairwaves解析：Googlerecentlyintroducedanewservicethataddssocial-networkingfeaturestoitspopularGmailsystem.TheserviceiscalledBuzz,andwithinhoursofitsrelease,peoplewerehowlingaboutprivacyissues一because,initsoriginalform,Buzzshowedeveryonethelistofpeopleyoue-mailmostfrequently.Evenpeoplewhoweren'tcheatingontheirspousesorsecretlyapplyingfornewjobsfoundthisalittleunnerving.Googlebacktrackedandchangedthesoftware,andapologizedforthemisstep,claimingthat,itjustneveroccurredtothemthatpeoplemightgetupset."Thepublicreactionwassomethingwedidnotanticipate.Butwe'vereactedveryquicklytopeople'sunhappiness,"saysBradleyHorowitz,vicepresidentforproductmanagementatGoogle.SamegoesforFacebook.InDecember;Facebookrolledoutanewsetofprivacysettings.Aspokesmansaysthemovewasintendedto"empowerpeople"bygivingthemmore"granular"control（a渐进式”控制，指允许不同使用者存取不同内容的应用）overtheirpersonalinformation.Butmanyviewedthechangesasasneakyattempttopushmemberstoexposemoreinformationaboutthemselves——partlybecauseitsdefaultsettingshadlotsofdata,likeyourphoto,city,gender;andinformationaboutyourfamilyandrelationships,setuptobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.（Sure,youcouldchangethosesettings,butitwasstillcreepy.）Facebook'sspokesmansaystheopensettingsreflect"shiftingsocialnormsaroundprivacy."FiveyearsafterFacebookwasfounded,hesays,"we'venoticedthatpeoplearenotonlysharingmoreinformationbutalsoarebecomingmorecomfortableaboutsharingmoreinformationwithmorepeople.”Nevertheless,thechangesprompted10consumergroupstofileacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission.What'shappeningisthatourprivacyhasbecomeakindofcurrency.It'swhatweusetopayforonlineservices.GooglechargesnothingforGmail;instead,itreadsyoure-mailandsendsyouadvertisementsbasedonkeywordsinyourprivatemessages.ThegeniusofGoogle,Facebook,andothersisthatthey'vecreatedservicesthataresousefulorentertainingthatpeoplewillgiveupsomeprivacyinordertousethem.Nowthetrickistogetpeopletogiveupmore——ineffect,tokeepraisingthepriceoftheservi