新视界大学英语4Unit3市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

TalkingpointWarmingupSkimmingDiggingCriticalthinkingLanguageinuseUnfamiliarwordsInterpreting第1页WatchavideoclipaboutthetailorofthefilmCocoBeforeChanel.Warmingup第2页Warmingup

➊Listenandunderlineanywordsorexpressionswhicharedifferentfromwhatyouhear.Ournextmodeliscomingdownthecatwalknow.Nowyouhavetorememberthatallofthemodelsdesignedtheirownclothes,theyareallfirst-yearstudentsofthecollege,allofthemaredoingthecourseinfashiondesign,andtheycomefromallovertheworld.ThisisMargotManfort,who’s21yearsoldandcomesfromBelgium.Asyoucansee,Margotiswearingalonglightgreendress,whichcontrastsneatlywiththeredbagandherblondehair.It’sastrong,sensuousdesign.Ournextmodeliscomingdownthecatwalknow.Nowyouhavetorememberthatallofthemodelsdesignedtheirownclothes,theyareallfirst-yearstudentsofthecollege,allofthemaredoingthecourseinfashiondesign,andtheycomefromallovertheworld.ThisisMargotManfort,who’s21yearsoldandcomesfromBelgium.Asyoucansee,Margotiswearingalonglightgreendress,whichcontrastsneatlywiththeredbagandherblondehair.It’sastrong,sensuousdesign.第3页WarmingupIsuspectshewasinspiredbypicturesoftheFrenchcourtinthe16thcentury–there’scertainlysomethingvery,howcanIputit,historicalaboutthedesign.Butthoseglassesbringherrightintothe21stcentury.Ireallylikewhatshe’sdone.IsuspectshewasinspiredbypicturesoftheFrenchcourtinthe16thcentury–there’scertainlysomethingvery,howcanIputit,historicalaboutthedesign.Butthoseglassesbringherrightintothe21stcentury.Ireallylikewhatshe’sdone.第4页WarmingupNowlistenagainandcorrecttheinformation.Answer:firstyearthirdyearBelgiumFranceneatlynicelystrongsoft16th

17th第5页Warmingup➋

Workinpairs.Lookatthephotosanddiscussthequestions.1Whichstyledoyoulikemost,andwhy?2Whichstyledoyoulikeleast,andwhy?3Wouldyouliketobeafashionmodel?Why/Whynot?第6页Warmingup➊

Lookatthetitleofthepassageandanswerthequestions.1Whichfashionitemsdoyouthinkthepassagewillfocuson?

☐

bikinis☐

hats☐

jackets

☐

jeans☐

shoes☐skirts☐

socks☐

ties2Whichaspectsoftheitemsdoyouexpectthedescriptionstoconcentrateon?☐

appearance☐

colour☐

comfort☐

cost☐

length☐

materialNowreadthepassageandcheckyouranswers.第7页Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage49.Task第8页Skimming➋Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1Whathappenedonthefashionsceneinthe1950s?(a)BluejeansarrivedinEuropeandAsia.(b)Americanyouthstartedwearingjeans.(c)TheFrenchstartedtomanufacturejeans.(d)Americanwomenstartedtoweartrousers.2Whatdowomenwanttododuringaneconomicboom?(a)Showlessoftheirlegs.(b)Showmoreoftheirlegs.(c)Buyshortskirts.(d)Selltheirshares.(a)(b)第9页Skimming3Whatdidtightshelptopromoteinthe1960s?(a)TheFrenchfashionindustry.(b)Stockings.(c)Theminiskirt.(d)TheBeatles.4Whatwaspopularinthemid-1980s?(a)Cleanshavenfaces.(b)Longhair.(c)Denimjeansandjackets.(d)Shortskirts.(c)(c)第10页Skimming5Whatwasfashionableinthe1990s?(a)Designerjeans.(b)Dyedhairandtrainers.(c)Tightjeansandshorthair.(d)Clotheswithbrightcolours.6Whathappenedinthefallof?(a)Hemlinesanticipatedaglobalcrisis.(b)Women’sskirtsgotshorter.(c)Therewasacrisisonthestockmarket.(d)Designersbegantolosetouchwithreality.(b)(a)第11页Skimming➌Matchthepictureswiththeextractsfromthepassage.第12页SkimmingAnswer:1(d)2(e)3(a)4(b)5(c)第13页SkimmingNownumberthepicturesinchronologicalorder.Answer:Thepicturesareinthechronologicalorderof4,1,3,5,2第14页Fiftyyearsoffashion译文Digging1

Nohistoryoffashionintheyears1960tocanoverlookorunderestimatetwoconstantfactors:jeansandtheriseandfallofhemlinesforwomen’sskirtsanddresses.第15页Digging2

Denim,thetextilewhichjeansaremadeof,wasknowninFranceinthelate16thcentury,butitwasLeviStrausswhosawthatmineworkersintheCaliforniangoldrushinthemid-19thcenturyneededstrongtrousers,whichhereinforcedwithmetalpins.BluedenimjeansremainedpopularintheUSasworkclothesuntilthe1950s,butthenbecameassociatedwithyouth,newideas,resistancetoauthorityandindependentthinking.第16页译文DiggingWhenLeviStrauss&CobegantoexportbluejeanstoEuropeandAsiainthelate1950s,theywereboughtandwornwithhugeenthusiasmbyalargeproportionofyoungpeopleandrecognizedasasymboloftheyoung,informalAmericanwayoflife.第17页译文Digging3Hemlineshaveamorepeculiarsignificanceduringthisperiod.Thereisconsensusamongfashioneditorsthatthereisapreciserelation,withonlyafewexceptions,betweenthelengthofwomen’sskirtsandtheeconomy.Asthestockmarketrises,sodohemlines,andconversely,whenitfalls,sodothey.Exactlywhywomenshouldwanttoexposeorconcealbarelegsduringperiodsofeconomicboomandbustremainsamystery.Butthegeneraltrendisclear.Whenevertheeconomicoutlookistroublesome,theconventionisforbothmenandwomentowearmoreconservativeclothes.

第18页译文Digging4Perhapsthemostimportantdevelopmentinfashioninthe1960swastheminiskirt,inventedbytheBritishdesignerMaryQuant.BecauseQuantworkedintheheartofSwingingLondon,theminiskirtdevelopedintoamajorinternationalfashion.ItattractedgreaterrespectwhenthegreatFrenchdesigner,Courrèges,importeditintohisrangeofclothesanddevelopeditintoanitemofhighfashion.Butitwouldnothaveachievedsuchinternationalcurrencywithoutthedevelopmentoftights,insteadofstockings,becausetheriseinhemlinesmeantthestockingtopswouldbevisible.第19页译文Digging5Thehippiemovementofthemid-1960sandearly1970sinfluencedthedesignofjeans,withthetrouserlegdevelopinga“bell-bottom”style.Bythemid-1970s,astheeconomygrewworse,hemlinesdescendedtomidiormedium(mid-calf)lengthandmaxi(anklelength),whilejeanswerenolongerlimitedtoblue.第20页译文Digging6Jeansremainedfashionableduringtheperiodofpunk,usuallywornripped,oftenwithbadges,chainsandbeltswithmetalornaments,andpiercedearsandnoses.Thelooklastedforseveralyears,althoughbecamemoreandmorerestrictedtosmallgroupsofinner-cityyoungpeople,andhadlittleinfluenceonotheragegroups.第21页译文Digging7Asareactiontopunk,theNewRomanticswasafashionmovementwhichoccurredinBritishclubs.Itwaseye-catchingandfeaturedfancyshirtsandblouses.Jeansweredefinitelynotacceptable.第22页译文Digging8

Themid-1980ssawtheriseofanumberofdifferentstyles.Powerdressingwascharacterizedbysmartexecutivesuitsand,forthenewlyempoweredwomen,shoulderpadsandkneelengthskirts.Notsurprisingly,theeconomywasn’tstable,andpeopletooklessrisksinwhattheywore.Formen,theMiamiVicestyle,namedafterthetelevisionseries,madeuseofsmartT-shirtsunderdesignerjackets,andthreeorfourdaysofbeardgrowth.Butasalways,denimremainedpopularwiththeyoung.Inparticular,heavymetalmusicfansworerippedjeansanddenimjackets.第23页译文Digging9Graduallyhemlinesstartedtoriseagain...untiltheworldstockmarketcrashin1987.Sothelate1980sintheUSsawtheriseofthemoreconservativestylecalledPreppystyle,withclassicclothesbyRalphLaurenandBrooksBrothersformen,button-downshirts,casualtrousersandshoes,withasweatertiedinalooseknotaroundtheneck.Theyalsoworejeans,buteitherbrandneworcleanandsmartlypressed–notatallwhatLeviStraussoriginallyintended.第24页Digging10Astheworldeconomiesbouncedbackagaininthe1990s,fashionforyoungpeoplebecamemoredaring.BootsandConverseorNiketrainersremainedpopular,butthemostcommoncoloursbecameolivegreenandoatmeal.Hairwaswornlong,orcutshortanddyedblue,greenorred.Hoodies,baseballcapsandloosejeans,whichwereoftenfastenedlowbelowthebackside,werecommononthestreets.第25页Digging11TheninJanuarytheNewYorktechnologystockmarketcollapsed.Asusual,sodidhemlines,whichweredescribedbyonecommentatoras“theprimandproperlookisin.Skirtsshouldbebelowtheknee.”Butmerelyoneyearlater,thestockmarketbegantorally,andtheminiskirtreturned.Lowerlimbsweremoreexposedthantheyhadbeenformanyyears.第26页Digging12Duringthisperiod,itwasunusualtowearformalclothesunlessyouwereatwork.Designerjeansgainedhugepopularity.Theseweremadeofthetraditionaldenim,perhapswithextrastretchfibreadded,butcutandmarketedunderwell-knownbrandssuchasArmani,HugoBossandMoschino,whountilrecentlyhadonlyconcernedthemselveswiththesmartestfashionlines.NarrowjeansalsobecamepopularinBritainandmostofEurope.Skirtlengthisuncertain,rangingfrommicroto“sensible”–knee-lengthorjustbelow.第27页Digging13Sometimeshemlinescanevenpredictachangeinthemoodofthestockmarketlongbeforeitactuallyhappens.InSeptember,attheNewYorkfashionshows,whichweredisplayingtheirstylesforspring,thetrendwasformuchlongerdressesandskirts,manytomidcalforevendowntotheankles.Somepeoplefeltthisshowedthatthehemlineindicatorwasnolongerreliable,andthatdesignersnolongerdictatedwhatpeoplewouldwear.第28页DiggingDuringtheLondonandNewYorkfashionshowsinSeptember,hemlinescontinuedtodrop.Butsureenough,inthefallof,thestockmarketindexescrashedwhenthebankingcrisishittheUS,Europeandthentherestoftheworld.Hemlineswerenolongerfollowingthestockmarket–theywereshowingthewayandindicatingfutureeconomictrends.第29页Digging14Duringthewholeperiod,fashionstyleshaverangedwidely,andhaveusuallybeensparkedoffbyadesiretoidentifypeopleasbelongingtoaparticularsub-culture.Buttheconstantfactorsoverthisperiodaredenimandhemlinesandthegreatestinfluenceshavebeena19th-centuryCalifornianclothesmanufacturerandayoungdesignerintheSwingingLondonofthe1960s.■Mainideaofthetext第30页1.

…asasymboloftheyoung,informalAmericanwayoflife.(Line14,Para2)Theword“young”isusedinthesensethattheUShasonlyashorthistory.Difficultsentences第31页Difficultsentences2.

Whenevertheeconomicoutlookistroublesome…(Line10,Para3)

theeconomicoutlookistroublesome:Theeconomyisunstable,thatis,theeconomyhasproblemsandislikelytochangesuddenly,makingpeopleuncertainaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuture.第32页Difficultsentences3.

ItattractedgreaterrespectwhenthegreatFrenchdesigner,Courreges,importeditintohisrangeofclothesanddevelopeditintoanitemofhighfashion.(Line6,Para4)Therearedifferentlevelsoffashion,egstreetfashionarisingusuallyincities,ordinaryfashionsuchasiswornbymostpeopleandfoundinmarkets,andhighfashionwornbystarsandtherich.TheminiskirtbecameanitemofordinaryfashioninBritain,butwhenCourregesaddedittohiscollectionofclothesitbecamepartofinternationalhighfashion,wornbytheelite.第33页Difficultsentences4.…madeuseofsmartT-shirtsunderdesignerjackets…(Line8,Para8)designerjackets:Designerclothesingeneralarethosewithafamouslabel.YoucanbuyordinaryjeansinthemarketorchooseArmaniones.第34页Difficultsentences5.

Theyalsoworejeans,buteitherbrand-neworcleanandsmartlypressed—notatallwhatLeviStraussoriginallyintended.(Line8,Para9)AlthoughthePreppylookinsistedonsmartclothes,itdidnotleadtopeopleavoidingdenimjeans(aswiththeNewRomantics).Butjeanschangedfromverycasualarticlesofclothesintoelegantitemsofclothing,andhadtobecarefullyironed,quitetheoppositeoftheverycasualworkman-likebluedenimjeansofthe1950s.第35页Difficultsentences6.

…whichweredescribedbyonecommentatoras“theprimandproperlookisin…”(Line3,Para11)Afashionis“in”whenitisaneworcurrentstyle,or“out”whenitisout-of-date.第36页DifficultsentencesDuringthewholeperiod,therehasbeenawiderangeofdifferentfashionstyles,whichhavebeenusuallystartedbypeople’swishtoshowtheiridentitytomakethemdistinctfromtherestofsociety.7.

Duringthewholeperiod,fashionstyleshaverangedwidely,andhaveusuallybeensparkedoffbyadesiretoidentifypeopleasbelongingtoaparticularsub-culture.(Line1,Para14)第37页textile释义n.

[C]wovenorknittedcloth纺织品；织物例句Theirmainexportsaretextiles,especiallysilkandcotton.他们主要出口商品是纺织品，尤其是丝绸和棉布。翻译Words例句printedtextiles印花织物翻译第38页释义1vt.[sing,U]oppositiontosomeoneorsomething,especiallyapoliticalormilitaryopponent

（尤指政治或军事上）抵抗，反对Words例句Afterastubbornresistancetheenemywasfoughtoffatlast.敌人负隅顽抗，最终被击退了。翻译例句Ourtroopsencounteredonlytokenresistance.我们部队仅受到象征性抵抗。

翻译resistance第39页释义2n.[sing,U](~to)theabilitynottobeaffectedor

harmedbysomething,especiallyadiseaseordrug

（尤指对疾病或药品）抵抗力Words例句Poordietlowersresistancetoillness.

饮食太差会减弱对于疾病抵抗力。翻译例句Thisdiseaseissurprisinglydifficulttocatchasmostpeoplehaveanaturalresistancetoit.因为多数人对这种病含有天然免疫力，所以发病率低得出奇。翻译resistance第40页释义1n.

[C]aquantityofsomethingthatisapartorshareofthewhole

部分；份儿Words例句Peoplespendalargeproportionoftheirincomeonhousing.人们收入很大一部分都用在了住房上。翻译例句Theproportionofresidentsreceivingwelfarehasdropped.享受福利居民百分比有所下降。翻译proportion第41页释义2n.

[U]thecorrect,mostuseful,ormostattractiverelationshipbetweenthings

（百分比）均衡，协调，匀称Words例句Women'sbodiestendtohaveahigherproportionoffattowater.女性身体内脂肪与水分百分比往往更高。翻译例句Theporchisoutofproportionwiththerestofthehouse.门廊和房子其它部分不成百分比。翻译proportion第42页释义n.

[sing,U]agreementamongallthepeopleinvolved

一致同意例句Itwillbedifficulttoreachanysortofconsensusonthisissue.在这个问题上将极难达成一致意见。翻译Words例句翻译Allgooddecisionsaremadebyconsensus.全部英明决定都是经过一致同意作出。consensus第43页释义1vt.toallowsomethingthatisusuallycoveredorhiddentobeseen

使显露；使露出例子翻译Words例句Don’texposetheliquidmedicinetothesunlight.

翻译不要把药水暴露于阳光下。Loweredsealevelsexposedtheshallowcontinentalshelf.海平面下降使浅层大陆架暴露出来。exposeIsitadvisabletoexposeourbodytothesunlight?(Jun.1990,CET4,VocabularyandStructure)真题第44页释义2n.

tofailtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingfromsomethingharmfulordangerous

使暴露于（有害或危险环境中）；使无保护例句Whydowestillsunbathewhenweknowthedangersofexposingourskintothesun?我们明白让皮肤暴露于阳光下危险，可为何还要进行日光浴呢？翻译Words例句翻译Awisemotherneverexposesherchildrentotheslightestpossibilityofdanger.明智母亲决不会让她孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。expose第45页释义1a.apartofyourbodythatisbareisnotcoveredbyanyclothes

赤裸例句Thestonefloorfeltlikeicetoherbarefeet.她光着脚感到石头地板冰凉刺骨。翻译Words例句Hepatteredalongthecorridorinhisbarefeet.

他赤着脚吧嗒吧嗒地走过走廊。

翻译bare第46页释义2a.containingnothing

空例句Hisfridgewasbareapartfromthreeverywitheredtomatoes.除了三个蔫巴巴西红柿，他冰箱里什么也没有。翻译Words例句Heledmethroughtoabareinterviewingroom.

他把我带到了一间空荡荡面试室。翻译bare第47页释义n.[C,U]asuddenmajorincreaseintrade,profitsetcinaparticularcountryorregion

(贸易、利润等)激增，暴涨例句Hemadealotof

moneyduringthepropertyboom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。翻译Wordsboom例句Howlongcanthepresentbusinessboomlast?当前这种商业繁荣能连续多久？翻译boomandbust第48页释义a.causingproblemsordifficulties,especiallyinanannoyingway引发麻烦；（尤指）令人讨厌例句Sheneedssurgerytocureatroublesomebackinjury.

她需要动手术医治棘手背痛。翻译Words例句Parentsneedtohavemorepatiencewheneducatingtroublesomechild.翻译家长在教育爱惹事孩子时需要更多耐心。troublesomeAvoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.(Jan.1990,CET4,ReadingComprehension)真题第49页释义vi.(fml)tobecomelower

下斜；降低例句Becarefulwhenyoudescendfromtheladder.从梯子上下来时一定要小心。翻译Words例句Inthevastshadowofnightthecoolnessandthedewsdescend.在这沧茫夜色中，寒气与露珠降下来了。翻译descend第50页释义1vt.

ifyouhaveapartofyourbodypierced,youhaveasmallholemadeinit

（在身体某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠宝）例句翻译WordsHestriveshardtokeephimselfveryfit.他努力地保持身体健康。例句翻译Thefilmstudioisstrivingtoimproveitspublicimage.该电影制片厂正在努力改进其公众形象。pierce第51页释义2vt.ifasharpobjectpiercessomething,itmakesaholeinit刺穿；刺破例句翻译WordsSomeonecameupandaskedhim:

"Ifyouholdupyourspeartopiercethroughyourshield,

whatwillhappen?"有些人就问他说：“假如用你矛来刺你盾，会怎么样呢?”例句翻译Onebulletpiercedtheleftsideofhischest.一颗子弹射入他左胸。pierce第52页释义1a.(onlybeforenoun)designedforrichorimportant

people

专为有钱人或要人设计例句翻译WordsSomeairlinecompaniesprovideexecutiveplanefortherichandinfluential.有些航空企业为权贵人生提供专用飞机。executive第53页释义2n.[C]aseniormanagerinabusinessorotherorganization

（企业或其它组织）行政主管；经历例句翻译WordsTheChiefExecutiveshouldbeexperiencedinbusinessadministration.

总经理应有企业管理经验。例句翻译Theretiredexecutiveconsultsforseverallargecompanies.那位退休总裁在好几家大企业当顾问。executive第54页释义例句翻译Words我们希望创建一个更为安全、稳定、和平与平等国际秩序。Wehopetousherinamoresecure,stable,peacefulandequitableworldorder.Commoditysalesondomesticmarketwerestable.

例句翻译国内市场商品销售平稳增加。a.

notchangingfrequentlyandnotlikelytosuddenlybecomeworse

稳定stable

第55页释义1a.ifsomethingsuchasaropeorknotisloose,itisnotpulledtight

(绳子或线结)松开Wheretheknotisloosethestringslips.结子一松掉，绳子就滑脱。Phrases例句翻译Yourshoelacehascomeloose.你鞋带松了。例句翻译loose第56页释义2例句翻译我有一颗牙齿松动了。a.not

firmlyfixedinaposition

未固定住，松动PhrasesIhavegotaloosetooth.例句翻译把手松动了，你得把它拧紧。Youhavetoscrewupthehandle,ithasbecomeloose.loose第57页释义v.

ifaballorotherobjectbounces,orifyoubounceit,ithitsasurfacethenimmediatelymovesawayfromit

（使）弹起；（使）反弹Phrases例句翻译Ibouncedaballagainstthewall.

我对着房子打球。bounce

例句翻译Thewheelchairtennisplayerisallowedtwobouncesoftheball.

轮椅网球选手能够等球落地两次再击球。第58页释义vt.

tochangethecolourofsomethingsuchasclothingoryourhairusingdye

给······染色

Phrases例句翻译Maybeyoucoulddyethatskirttomatchyourblouse.

可能你能够给那条裙子染色，使之与你衬衫相配。例句翻译Pleasedyemyhairbrown.请把我头发染成棕色。dye第59页释义vt.toclosesomethingsuchasapieceofclothingorabagusingthebuttons,zipetconit

系牢；扣牢Phrases例句翻译Pleasekeepyourseatbeltsfastenedwhiletheseatbeltlightison.指示灯亮时请系好安全带。例句翻译Wefastenedourboatwithropetoapostintheriver.我们用绳子把船拴在河里一根柱子上。fastenIfyoudonotfastenyoursafetybelt,yourchancesofbeinghurtwillbegreater.

(Jan.1992,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)真题第60页释义vi.

ifthingssuchaspricesrally,theyimproveandincreaseinvalueafterbeinglow(价格)回升；升值；复苏Phrases例句翻译Marketsbegantorallyworldwide.世界各地市场开始复苏。例句翻译Onthestockmarket,sharepricesralliedafterafour-daydecline.在股票市场上，股价经过4天下跌之后回升了。rally第61页释义n.

[C]anarmoraleg

肢；臂；腿Phrases例子翻译anartificiallimb假肢例句翻译Shestretchedoutherlimbscomfortablyandsoonfellasleep.她舒适地伸展四肢，很快便入睡了。

limb第62页释义vt.influenceorcontrolhowsomethingisdone

影响；控制Phrases例句翻译Thewayinwhichtheydressisdictatedbyveryrigidfashionrules.他们着装受到时尚规则严格限制。例句翻译Anumberoffactorswilldictatehowlonganappletreecansurvive.影响一棵苹果树寿命原因有很多。

dictate第63页释义n.[C](business)anumberthatshowstheprice,value,orlevelofsomethingcomparedwithsomethingelse

指数Phrases例句翻译ThehappinessindexofpeopleinJiangsu,Sichuan,FujianprovincesandChongqingmunicipalitywasfoundtobehigh.

调查发觉，江苏、四川、福建和重庆四个省市居民幸福感指数较高。例句翻译Senseofhappinessisdictatedbymanyfactors:economic,population,cultural,psychological,etc.幸福感受到各种原因影响——经济、人口、

文化、心理等。

index第64页释义例句翻译黄金已经变成了一个适应全部气候投资，不论经济情况是繁荣还是衰退都会上涨。Goldhasbecomeanall-weatherinvestment,risinginbothboomandbust.asituationinwhichacountry¡¯seconomyregularlygoesthroughperiodsofsuccessfollowedbyperiodsoffailure

经济繁荣与萧条Phrases例句翻译Boom-and-bustcyclesareinherentinmarketeconomiesandcannotbepreventedcompletely.繁荣和萧条交替循环，是市场经济固有特征，无法完全防止。boomandbust第65页释义例句翻译在俄国，有个城市是以这个伟人名字命名。TherewasacitynamedafterthegreatmaninRussia.togivesomeoneorsomethingthesamenameassomeoneorsomethingelse,especiallythesamefirstnameasamemberofyourfamily

以（家族中）······名字给······取名Phrases例句翻译TheboywasnamedGeorgeafterhisuncle.这个小男孩随他叔叔叫乔治。nameafter第66页释义例句翻译她太循规蹈矩了，不会踏入酒吧半步。Sheismuchtooprimandpropertogointoapub.someonewhoisprimandproperbehavesinaveryformalandcorrectwayandiseasilyshockedbyanythingrude

循规蹈矩Phrases例句翻译Thoseyoungladiesaremuchtooprimandpropertoenjoysucharudejoke.

那几位年轻太太非常拘谨和正经，不会喜欢这种粗鄙笑话。primandproper第67页释义例句翻译tobethecauseofsomething,especiallytroubleorviolence

引发，造成（麻烦或暴力）Phrases例句翻译sparksthoff他著作《动物解放》引发了一场关于我们该怎样对待动物思想革命。Hisbook,AnimalLiberation,sparkedoffarevolutioninthewaywethinkaboutanimals.

A

filminvolvingreligionhadsparkedoffpoliticalcrisisinthemiddleeastregion.

一部相关宗教电影在中东地域引发政治危机。第68页1

从1960年到

年任何一部时尚史都不能忽略或低估两个恒在原因：牛仔裤和女性裙子长度改变。Translation原文时尚50年第69页2做牛仔裤布料劳动布在16世纪末期法国就已经为人所知，但却是李维·施特劳斯注意到19世纪中叶加利福尼亚淘金热时矿工对坚固长裤需求，所以他采取这种布料制作裤子，并配以金属铆钉使其更坚固。直到20世纪50年代，在美国蓝色牛仔裤依然只是受欢迎工作服，不过以后，它与青春、新思想、反抗权威和独立思索联络起来。Translation原文第70页20世纪50年代末，当利惠商业有限企业开始向欧洲和亚洲出口蓝色牛仔裤时，大批年轻人热情高涨地买来穿在身上，并把它看成年轻美国不拘礼节生活方式象征。Translation原文第71页3在此时期，裙子底边有着独特主要意义。时尚编辑们一致认为：除了个别情况外，女性裙子长度和经济之间有着亲密联络。女性裙子底边会伴随股市上涨而上升；反之，股市下跌，裙子底边也下降。终究为何女人会在经济繁荣时露出双腿，而在经济萧条时遮住双腿现在仍是一个谜。但总趋势是显著。每当经济前景不明朗时，不论男女，其着装都较为保守。Translation原文第72页4

可能在20世纪60年代，时尚界最主要发展就是英国设计师玛莉·匡特创造了超短裙。因为匡特在摇摆伦敦中心工作，超短裙发展成为国际时尚界主要流行服装。伟大法国设计师库雷热把超短裙引入到他设计服装系列中，使其发展成为高级时装，超短裙所以得到了更大程度认可。不过假如只有长筒袜而没有创造裤袜话，超短裙是不可能在全球范围内流行，因为裙子底边上升会使长筒袜袜口显露出来。Translation原文第73页520世纪60年代中期和70年代早期嬉皮士运动对牛仔裤设计也有影响，出现了“喇叭”裤。到20世纪70年代中期，伴随经济情况恶化，裙子到达中等长度（长及小腿中部）甚至长及脚踝，而牛仔裤也不再是清一色蓝色了。Translation原文第74页6

朋克时期牛仔裤依然流行。人们穿牛仔裤通常是有破洞，往往还会搭配徽章、链子和有金属饰物腰带，而且这一时期还流行打耳洞和鼻洞。这类装扮连续了好几年，然而作此装扮人群逐步地缩小到内城年轻人小群体，其它年纪段人受此影响不大。Translation原文第75页7作为对朋克一个逆反，新浪漫主义是出现在英国俱乐部中一场时尚运动。新浪漫主义着装很抢眼，以花哨男女衬衣为特色。牛仔裤是绝对不能接收。Translation原文第76页820世纪80年代中期出现了不一样格调着装。权威着装特点就是漂亮职业套装，刚才取得权利女性穿着则以垫肩和及膝裙为特色。因为经济不稳定，人们在穿着上自然就喜欢少冒些风险。男性穿着是“迈阿密风云”格调，这一名称起源于一部电视连续剧《迈阿密风云》，即潇洒T恤外搭名牌夹克，再加上蓄了三四天胡须。但一如既往，牛仔在年轻人中依然流行。尤其是重金属音乐粉丝除了穿着带破洞牛仔裤外，还会穿牛仔夹克。Translation原文第77页

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渐渐地，裙子底边又开始上升……直到1987年全球股市崩盘。所以，美国在20世纪80年代末兴起了被称为“学院格调”较为保守服装格调，经典男装就是拉尔夫·劳伦和布克弟兄品牌男装：即领尖带有纽扣衬衫、休闲裤和休闲鞋，毛衣松松地打个结系在脖子上。人们也穿牛仔裤，但要么是崭新，要么是干洁净净熨得笔挺——这绝对不是李维·施特劳斯最初构想牛仔裤。Translation原文第78页10

伴随20世纪90年代世界经济再次反弹，年轻人在时尚方面变得更为大胆。靴子和匡威或耐克运动鞋依然流行，但最常见颜色变成橄榄绿和米灰色。流行发型为长发，或剪短染成蓝色、绿色或红色。帽衫、棒球帽和松松垮垮搭在胯上牛仔裤是大街上常见装扮。Translation第79页

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年1月，纽约科技股市崩盘。同往常一样，裙子底边也降了下来。一位评论家这么描述当初时尚格调：“一本正经着装开始流行，裙子应长及膝盖以下。”但仅仅一年之后，股市开始反弹，超短裙也重归时尚，而且腿部比多年来裸露得更多。Translation第80页12

这一时期，正式着装是不常见，除非是在工作场所。品牌牛仔裤取得了巨大人气。品牌牛仔裤由传统牛仔布制成，或许会加入弹力纤维，但由著名品牌，如阿玛尼、雨果·波士和莫斯奇诺等剪裁和销售。这些品牌以前只关注最时髦时尚服装系列。在英国和欧洲大部分地域，瘦腿牛仔裤也开始流行。裙子长度不一，从迷你裙到“合理”及膝裙或过膝长裙，各种长度裙子都有。Translation第81页13有时裙子底边甚至能够预测股市行情。年9月，纽约时装秀上展示春季时装流行趋势是长长裙子，许多长及小腿中部，甚至长至脚踝。有些人认为，这表明裙边指标不再可靠，而且设计师也丧失了对于人们着装主宰权。Translation第82页

年9月，伦敦和纽约时装秀上展示裙子底边继续下降。果然，

年秋季，当金融危机重创美国、欧洲继而世界各地时，股指瓦解了。裙子底边不再追随股市行情——而是预示股市行情，并表明未来经济走势。Translation第83页

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在整个50年期间，时尚格调改变巨大，而且改变通常由人们想要归属于某个亚文化群体愿望所激发。但在此期间，时尚不变原因是牛仔裤和裙子底边长度改变，而对于时尚最大影响来自于19世纪加利福尼亚一个服装制造商和20世纪60年代摇摆伦敦一名年轻时装设计师。■Translation第84页MainideaofthetextFashionchangesallthetimes,butwhatcausesthechanges?Couldfashionalwaysberespondingtonewmaterialsandtechniquesforproducingclothes?Doesfashionrespondtothespiritofdifferentdecadesandsocialchanges?Mightthechangesberandom,orcouldtheybemorepersonal,dependingonthegeniusofgreatdesigners?Thepassageoutlinesthetheorythatsomeaspectsoffashionarerelatedtothestateoftheeconomy,usinginparticularthelengthofskirtsanddifferenttreatmentsofdenimasevidence.Mainidea第85页CulturetipsLeviStrauss（李维·施特劳斯）(1829–1902)wasaGerman-JewishimmigranttotheUSwhofoundedthefirstcompanytomanufacturebluejeansin1853inSanFrancisco.第86页CulturetipsSwingingLondonisatermusedtodescribe,inparticular,themusic,televisionandfashionofthe1960sintheUK,centredinLondon.minicooperTwiggyinaminiskirtCarnabySt第87页CulturetipsThehippiemovement（嬉皮士运动）describesayouthmovementwhichbeganintheUSintheearly1960s,andwhichinvolvedpeoplewhowereopposedtowarandthetraditionalattitudesofsociety,andwhoshowedthisbyhavinglonghairandwearingveryinformalclothes.第88页CulturetipsTheNewRomantics（新浪漫运动）wasamovementinthe1980swhichincludedmusic,especiallyclubmusic,andfashioncharacterizedbymendressinginexpensiveandunusualclothes.第89页CulturetipsArmani（阿玛尼）,HugoBoss（雨果·波士）andMoschino（莫斯奇诺）areallbrandsofdesignerclothes.Armani第90页InterpretingFocusingonformalwritingThepassageincludesmanyfeatureswhicharetypicalofaformalstyle,suchas:•lackofpersonalopinion•formalvocabulary•highlystructuredphrasesandsentences•passivestructures•useofstativeverbs,especiallyremain,become第91页Interpreting➏Lookatthepassageandfindtheformalequivalentsofthefollowingsentences.Id