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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.

问题1选项

A.furtively

B.fleetingly

C.voraciously

D.covertly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项“偷偷地”,B项“飞快地”,C项“贪婪地;狼吞虎咽地”,D项“偷偷摸摸地”。根据句意:一提到巧克力就馋嘴,Justin吃着这种颓废的食物。因此只有C项符合。

2.单选题

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

问题1选项

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项outwards“向外地”,B项forwards“向前,今后”,C项sideways“向侧面地,间接地”,D项inwards“向内地,向中心地”。句意:如果你把它斜着转,你就能把桌子穿过门。根据句意可知,edgewise在句中表示“斜着”,四个选项中与之相近的意思只有C项符合。因此,该题选择C项。

3.单选题

NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.

43.TaxationinRomandaysapparentlywasbasedon______.

44.TheAmericanStatisticalAssociation______.

45.Themessagetheauthorwishesthereadertogetis______.

46The“greateststoryevertold”referredtointhepassageisthestoryof______.

问题1选项

A.wealth

B.mobility

C.population

D.censustakers

问题2选项

A.isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience

B.hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting

C.isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic

D.speakswithmathematicalexactitude

问题3选项

A.statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman

B.statisticsisnotasyetascience

C.statisticianslovetheirmachine

D.computerishopeful

问题4选项

A.Christmas

B.TheMets

C.Moses

D.RomanCensusTakers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】43.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“罗马时代的税收显然是基于……”。文章第六句指出AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes(那时罗马计算人头作为征税的适当基础,目的很简单)可知,罗马时代的税收是基于人口,C项“人口”正确。B项“流动性”是人口的特点,D项“人口普查员”是普查人口的执行者,这两项都不符合题干;A项“财富”没提到。因此,该题选择C项正确。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“美国统计协会……”。根据文中第六句开始讲的观点:…nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearment…(现在,政府机构和私人组织的一系列复杂的统计数字,由智者和先知人物殷切地浏览和解释以取得预先外未来事件的线索。圣经并没有告诉我们罗马的人口调查员是怎么调查统计的。至于我们当前更加关心的问题:目前经济预测的可靠性,意见分歧很大。美国统计协会125周年庆祝活动上,人们在大肆宣扬这些不同观点。有一种说法是经济预测可能正从文科转向理科发展。有些人兴高采烈大谈新型计算机和非常高级数学系统……)可知,美国统计协会正把统计学从文科转向理科发展,所以A项“正把统计研究从文科转变成理科”正确。文中提到ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets…(但也有人指出,那些备受尊敬的预测和预测者的平均成功率还低于Mets的糟糕记录)可知,B项“在商业预测方面有出色的记录”不正确。C项“不乐观也不悲观”文章没有提到,只提到了他们半喜半忧地离开协会。由最后一句thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.(只要预测者和公众都不会把对概率和趋势的描述误认为是具有数学精确性的确定性的预测,适用于可确定事实的恰当统计方法在经济预测中还是有其优点的。)可知,D项“以精确的数学说话”不正确。因此,该题选择A项正确。

45.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望读者得到的信息是……”。根据文中的描述:…andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.(连统计协会的主席也告诫说高能统计法在实际材料原始和不允许的地方一般发挥正常。这跟低级的,不合适的统计员所假定的正好相反。我们怀着喜忧参半的心情离开周年庆祝宴会,怀着确实不是新近才有的信念,相信只要预测者和公众都不会把对概率和趋势的描述误认为是具有数学精确性的确定性的预测,适用于可确定事实的恰当统计方法在经济预测中还是有其优点的。),可知只要不把对概率和趋势的描述误认为是具有数学精确性的确定性预测,那么统计法在经济预测中就有它的贡献,从中我们可以推知,统计学还不是一门科学(理科),所以B项“统计学还不是一门科学”正确。A项“统计学家从罗马时代起就没有进步”和C项“统计学家喜欢他们的计算机”没有提到过。D项“电脑是有希望的”,文中只讲了有些人怀着兴高采烈的心情大讲新型计算机和非常高级数学“系统”,暗示了计算机大有希望,但不是所有人都这样认为的。因此,该题选择B项正确。

46.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“本文中提到的‘有史以来最伟大的故事’是……的故事”。根据题干定位到文章第一句话NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.(自从凯撒奥古斯都下令进行的人口普查成为有史以来最伟大的故事的一部分以来,已经过去了近两千年),其中提到了凯撒奥古斯都颁布的征税法令,而这个故事是被基督徒称为圣诞故事的经文,所以这是圣诞节的故事,A项“圣诞节”正确。B项“theMets”、C项“摩西”和D项“罗马人口普查员”都不正确。因此,该题选择A项正确。

4.单选题

Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.

问题1选项

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.whining

D.querulous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项tentative“试验性的,暂定的”,B项whimsical“古怪的,异想天开的”,C项whining是动词whine的现在分词,表示“抱怨,发牢骚”,D项querulous“易怒的,暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories(能让他讲出最令人惊奇和有趣的故事)可知,______imagination表示“异想天开的想象力”。句意:戴夫异想天开的想象力使他能讲出最令人惊奇和有趣的故事。因此,该题选择B项。

5.单选题

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

问题1选项

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项undecided“未定的,未决定的”,B项uncertain“无把握的,多变的,不确定的”,C项unacceptable“不能接受的,不受欢迎的”,D项increasing“越来越多的,渐增的”。句意:仅仅是乘着独木舟在漫长的海上航行中幸存下来,到达无人居住的、无人知道的岛屿的海岸,就是一项了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不确定的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此,该题选择B项。

6.单选题

Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.

问题1选项

A.dismiss

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.distract

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项dismiss“解散,解雇,开除”,B项dispatch“派遣,发送,迅速处理”,C项disperse“分散,使散开”,D项distract“转移,分心”。由beabsorbedin(全神贯注于)和so…that…(如此……以至于……)可知,D项符合。句意:她全神贯注地读书,喧闹声不能使她分心。因此,该题选择D项。

7.单选题

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

问题2选项

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

问题3选项

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

问题4选项

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】46.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...(人们常常认为,工作的机械化对操作新机器的人们的生活以及机器被引入的社会有着革命性的影响),提出了人们普遍认同的一种观点,认为mechanization为人们的生活和社会带来了revolutionaryeffect,而该段最后一句提出许多观察者不同意这种见解;之后,文章以妇女所从事工作的转变为例,进一步论证最后得出结论:Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.(机械化甚至可能延缓了女性在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的变化进程)因此,选项A“现代化对妇女工作的影响证明,普遍认同的新技术具有与生俱来的创新性这一说法站不住脚”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明,机械化彻底改变了一个社会的传统价值观及其成员的习惯角色”和C“自工业革命以来,机械化使妇女工作的性质发生了变化”两项均与文章所持的观点相左,而D项“妇女工作的机械化虽然在其效果上极为革命性,但总体上并没有产生一些评论家所担心的有害影响”只是文章提到的一个细节,不能概括大意。

47.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意为:根据文章可推断作者把下列哪个看作是妇女工作条件发生根本转变的一个标志。文章第三段前半部分是说:在过去的200年里,妇女的工作发生了很大的变化,从家庭转移到办公室或工厂,后来主要成为白领而不是蓝领。然而,从根本上说,自工业革命前以来,妇女工作的条件几乎没有改变:按性别划分职业、妇女作为一个群体的工资较低、要求相对较低的技能水平和很少为妇女提供晋升机会的工作都持续存在,而妇女的家务劳动仍然要求很高。据此,只有D项“人口普查结果显示,职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与职业男子一样高”,符合作者的意图。A项“统计数据显示,现在大多数女性担任白领职位”,B项“对已婚男性的采访表明他们现在正在做一些家务”,C项“对劳动力市场的调查,记录了最近在电子行业创造了一类新的工作岗位,其中女性工人的数量比男性多4:1”,均是对文意的曲解。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干:以下关于二十世纪以前许多雇主的陈述中,哪一个不是在文章中暗示的?C项“只有当合格的男性无法填补空缺职位时,他们才雇用女性”,文中并未体现,当选。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories(十九世纪,妇女开始进入工厂),可知A项“在十九世纪,妇女开始进入工厂”是正确的,不符合题意要求,排除;从第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire(在这之前,在大多数情况下,单身女性是雇主唯一想雇佣的),可知B项“他们倾向于雇用单身妇女而不是已婚妇女”是正确的,排除;从第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork(在过去的200年里,妇女的工作发生了很大的变化……,后来主要成为白领而不是蓝领),由此可知,D项“他们雇用妇女来做大部分的白领工作”与文章内容相符,排除。

49.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干:以下哪一项最能描述文章结尾句的功能?找到文章结尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.(机械化甚至可能延缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中传统地位变化的进程)。我们从第一段第一句就已经知道关于劳动机械化的一般观点是:工作的机械化对操作新机器的人们的生活以及机器被引入的社会有着革命性的影响,所以结尾句与一般观点不一致,因此A项“从整体上总结了文章中关于劳动机械化的一般观点”,错误。B项“得出了一个结论,即工作机械化的影响超出了本文所提出的整体证据”,符合结尾句所要表达的意思;C项“它重申了它前面一句话中关于技术的观点”,定位到它前一句话Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety(最近的历史调查导致了一个重大的修正,即技术在其对社会的影响上总是具有内在的革命性),此句是对主题句的复述,与末句不一致;D项“这证明了作者同意那些主张在机械化对社会影响的评估中进行重大修订的学者的观点”,并不能从这一句话就知道作者同意那些学者的观点。

8.单选题

Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.

问题1选项

A.giggles

B.scolds

C.complains

D.sneers

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项giggle“咯咯地笑,傻笑”,B项scold“骂,责骂”,C项complain“抱怨,控诉”,D项sneer“嘲笑,冷笑”。句意:那个学生很无礼,不管别人怎么讨好他,他总是发牢骚。根据句意可知,grumble在句中表示“发牢骚”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此,该题选择C项。

9.单选题

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

问题1选项

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。Luminous“发光的;发亮的”。A项“不合理的;不能当真的”,B项“磁性的;富有吸引力的”,C项“闪烁的”,D项“热烈赞扬的;热情洋溢的”,因此选C。句意:电流是从一个电极跳到另一个电极的发光电流。

10.单选题

Ahumanisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.valiant

B.alternate

C.frail

D.alleviate

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项valiant“英勇的,勇敢的”,B项alternate“交替的,轮流的”,C项frail“脆弱的,虚弱的”,D项alleviate为动词,表示“减轻;缓和”。根据句子可知for是表原因,句子的意思是“因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱,并且经常很容易被打破”,所以推知空格处表示“脆弱的”,C项符合。句意:人类是一种非常脆弱的生物,因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱,并且经常很容易被打破。因此,该题选择C项。

11.单选题

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

问题1选项

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项predictable“可预言的”,B项impressive“给人以深刻印象的”,C项famous“著名的,极好的”,D项gradual“逐渐的,平缓的”。句意:农民们涌向西部,以惊人的速度填满了边境土地。stunning在句中表示“惊人的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此,该题选择B项。

12.单选题

Despitethe______ofherbusyafternoons—homework,carpooling,dinnerpreparation—shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm.

问题1选项

A.enigma

B.turbulence

C.labyrinth

D.precariousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项enigma“谜,不可思议的东西”,B项turbulence“骚乱,动荡,混乱”,C项labyrinth“迷宫”,D项precariousness“不安全,不稳定”。由后面的句子shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm(她努力保持内心的秩序和平静),结合despite(尽管)可知,“混乱”符合语境。句意:尽管下午很忙:家庭作业,拼车,准备晚餐,但她努力保持内心的秩序和平静。因此,该题选择B项。

13.单选题

Salesmanshipistheabilitytoswaypeopletowillinglybuyproductsorsupportnewideas.

问题1选项

A.educate

B.expect

C.allow

D.persuade

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项educate“教育,培养,训练”,B项expect“期望,指望,认为”,C项allow“允许,给予,认可”,D项persuade“说服,劝说,使某人相信”。句意:推销术是说服人们愿意购买产品或支持新想法的能力。sway在句中表示“说服”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是D项。因此,该题选择D项。

14.单选题

Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.grave

C.stressful

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项urgent“紧急的,急迫的”,B项grave“重大的,严肃的”,C项stressful“紧张的,有压力的”,D项increasing“越来越多的,渐增的”。句意:由于低收入者住房的严重匮乏,市政府对于严重的住房问题感到为难。acute在句中表示“严重的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此,该题选择B项。

15.单选题

Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbythe______ofherfeelings.

问题1选项

A.agitation

B.ambivalence

C.anachronism

D.abnegation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项agitation表示“激动,搅动,煽动”,B项ambivalence表示“矛盾情绪,正反感情并存”,C项anachronism表示“时代错误,不合潮流的人或物”,D项abnegation表示“拒绝,放弃”。根据关键信息Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext(对她父母时爱时恨)可知,“矛盾情绪”符合语境。句意:她因深陷于对她父母时爱时恨的矛盾心态中而感到困惑不堪。因此,该题选择B项正确。

16.单选题

Theword“sophism”hasanunfavorableconnotationandmeansarguingdeceitfully,attemptingtoturnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning.

问题1选项

A.implacable

B.queer

C.fictitious

D.specious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项implacable“不能安抚的,难和解的”,B项queer“奇怪的,异常的”,C项fictitious“虚构的,假想的”,D项specious“似是而非的,外表美观的”。由meansarguingdeceitfully(意思是欺骗性地辩论)和turnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning(通过聪明但______的推理把一个糟糕的案例变成一个好案例)可知,空格处填入D项符合。句意:“诡辩”这个词有一个不利的含义,意思是欺骗性地辩论,试图通过聪明但似是而非的推理把一个糟糕的案例变成一个好案例。因此,该题选择D项。

17.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项credible“可靠的,可信的”,B项credulous“轻信的,因轻信而产生的”,C项incredulous“不肯相信的,表示怀疑的”,D项incredible“不可能相信的,很难相信的”。由主语politicians(政客)和关键信息astheyseldomtellthetruth(因为他们很少讲真话)可知,politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”,D项符合。句意:在大多数情况下,政客们都是难以令人相信的,因为他们很少讲真话。因此,该题选择D项。

18.单选题

Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.

问题1选项

A.field

B.track

C.aquatic

D.archaic

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项field“领域,牧场,旷野”,B项track“轨道,足迹,踪迹”,C项aquatic“水上运动,水生植物或动物”,D项archaic为形容词,表示“古代的,陈旧的”。由life(生活、人生)可知,C、D项可排除;把A、B项代入,只有B项最符合。句意:我觉得他还没找到自己的人生轨迹。因此,该题选择B项。

19.单选题

Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.

问题1选项

A.caught

B.reduced

C.camedown

D.gotoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项catch“抓住,感染”,B项reduce“减少,减小”,C项comedown“下来,降落,流传下来”,D项getoff“动身,免于受罚”。句意:她吃了药后退烧了,但看起来还是很虚弱。Subside在句中表示“消退,减退”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此,该题选择C项。

20.单选题

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

问题1选项

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。A项namely“也就是,即是”,B项orrather“更精确地说,倒不如说”,C项and“和”,D项particularly“异乎寻常地,特别是”。由success(成功)和triumph(胜利)可知,这两个意思相近,success强调结果,triumph强调过程和动作,所以空格处填入B项更符合句子语境。句意:对于设计者来说,这座建筑是一个巨大的成功,或者更确切地说是一个胜利。因此,该题选择B项。

21.单选题

Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.

问题1选项

A.persuasive

B.ambiguous

C.suspicious

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项persuasive“有说服力的,劝诱的”,B项ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱两可的”,C项suspicious“可疑的,怀疑的”,D项consistent“始终如一的,一致的”。由wecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect(我们无法确定哪个可能的意思是正确的)可知,B项符合。句意:他的话含糊不清,我们无法断定哪一个意思是正确的。因此,该题选择B项。

22.单选题

Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.

TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.

Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.

Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?

51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?

52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.

B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.

C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.

D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.

问题2选项

A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.

B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.

C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.

D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.

问题3选项

A.resemblances

B.regions

C.remains

D.restorations

问题4选项

A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.

B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.

C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.

D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】50.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段,关于地球景观的变化,下列哪项陈述是正确的?”。根据第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears)(地球的外貌在人类文明进程中一直保持着持续缓慢的变化,但是与大约4500亿年前的冰河时代的地貌变化相比,这个进程的确快了很多)可知,地球景观从地质上来说,变化的还是比较快的,所以D项“从地质学的角度上来看,它们变化得很快”正确。根据第一段最后一句Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.(塑造地形的主要影响因素有两种:一种是建设过程,如隆起,产生新的景观特征;另一种是破坏性力量,如侵蚀,逐渐磨损裸露的地形。)可知,A项“它们通常是由地壳隆起而不是由地壳侵蚀产生的”错误。B项“他们只发生在特殊的时间”和C项“它们发生的频率比以前少”在第一段没有提到。因此,该题选择D项正确。

51.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从第二段可以推断出关于喜马拉雅山脉的下列哪项?”。根据第二段中的Lowermountainstendtobeolder…About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasth

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