考研班主任2001年英语试题及答案33获取

SectionIStructureandPartABeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(5points)IhavebeentotheGreatWallthree [A][B][C][D]Thesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreesince1979.”Therefore,youshouldchooseSample[A][B][C]IfIwereinmovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatI headinmyhandsforacry.amwouldGoodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheport halfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.towasAccordingtoonebelief,iftruthistobeknownwillmakeitselfapparent,soone forit.wouldhadcannothadShefeltsuitablyhumblejustasshewhenhehadtakenagoodlookathercityself,hairwavedandgolden,nailsredandhadwouldhavehasTherewasnosignthatMr.Jospin,whokeepsafirmcontrolontheparty fromleadershipofit,wouldbeinghavinggoingtoSoinvolvedwiththeircomputers thatleadersatsummerbecametheethehadthe dothe TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheeverythinganythingnolessnothingmoreOnedifficultyintranslationliesinobtainingaconceptmatch.thisismeantth onceptinonelanguageislostorchangedinmeaninginConversationesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedtoithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.PartBBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices,[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterintheracketswithncil.(10points)ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound inthewoodsofftheThesentenceshouldread.“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchooseSample[B]Heistooyoungtobeable betweenrightandItwasno thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.allships followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallnsbutseemstobe thewelfareofhisanimals.criticalindignantindifferentsubjectThechairmanofthonmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith forinandonceforbyresultin andlackofunityinstyle.[A][B]TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowonangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasabletosomeofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.Becauseofitsintimacy,radioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itis Whenanynon-human anistransplantedinto rson,thebodyimmediayrecognizesitas MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIheardonathick1923EdisondiscI atagaragesale.trifled dstumbledthirstedSomedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould Equipmentnot officialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromtheworkshop.conformingconsistentpredominantprovidingAsanindustry,biotechnologystandsto electronicsindollarvolumeandperhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby2020.TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenational ernmentwhile forthestatesandlibertyforForthreequartersofitsspanonEarth,lifeevolvedalmostasmicro Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowand,particularlyinWesternWhoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itis andneedsproving.Thefutureofthiscompanyis :manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.atininatSectioClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(10points)Theernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewsprsseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlytheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialInalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteethisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecausedofmediawhenhesaid ofprivacycontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42to theEuropeanConventionon Britain,laiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishheWitnesspaymentsbecame afterWestsentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsforlingtheirstoriestonewsp Concernswereraised witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourt guiltyasforinstancesuchasbetterotherrathersoonerSectio ReadingForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(40points)TextSpecializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandtheword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthattheconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheanacceptableresearchpr.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglyeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,bynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeitherremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentAlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,sciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas sociologyandphysicsandsociologyandphysicsandWecaninferfromthepassage thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofprofessionalstendto eamateursintothescientificamateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalTheauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologyto.theprocessofspecializationandthehardshipofamateursinscientificthechangeofpoliciesinscientificthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstThedirectreasonforspecialization thedevelopmentinthegrowthoftheexpansionofscientificthesplittingupofacademicTextAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytoso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternet esmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoreernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfulforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverOfcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatTotakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownand orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandinfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.Digitaldivideis gettingworsebecauseofthetherichcountriesareresponsibletheworldmustguardconsideredpositiveernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecause offerseconomiccanbringforeigncansoonwipeoutworldconnectspeopleallovertheThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof providingfinancialsupportpreventingforeigncapital’sbuildingindustrialacceptingforeignItseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuch howwell-developeditiswhetheritisprejudicedagainstwhetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialhowmuchcontrolithasoverforeignTextWhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewsprs?TheAmericanSocietyofNewsprEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theanizationisdeepintoalongself-ysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweentemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andWhatisthepassagemainlyneedsofthereadersalloverthecausesofthepublicdisappointmentabout originsofthedeclining raimsofajournalismcredibilityTheresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedoutto quitesomewhatveryratherThebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir workingconventionalworldeducationalDespiteitsefforts,thenewsp readersowingtoits failuretorealizeitsrealtendencytohireannoyinglikelinesstonaccurateprejudiceinmattersofraceandTextTheworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanpetitiveThere’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,ofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomer’sdemands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld’swealthscanty.YetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodayacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandarlTrustbrokenup.Themergersofcompanies,suchas,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing--witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan--butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won’tcountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.case?Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestotakeinmoreforeigntoinvestmoretocombine etotradewithmoreAccordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awave thegreatercustomerasurplussupplyfortheagrowingtheincreaseoftheworld’sFromParagraph4wecaninfer theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandthecostsoftheglobalizationprocessaretheStandarlTrustmighthavethreatened TextWhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImighteapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromaLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualityInAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting--alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”--has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’90sequivalentofdropout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.jugglingthroughthe’80s,downshiftinginthemid-’90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownanicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone--asrsonalrecognitionofyourWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationalThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveher“Alateralmove”meansstepoutoffull-timeThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherThewriter’sexperimentshowsthat enableshertorealizeherhelpshermoldanewphilosophyofpromptshertoabandonherhighsocialleadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShe non-materialisticabitofextremeanti-Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof thequickpaceofmodernman’sadventurousman’ssearchformythicaltheeconomicSectionIVEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.71)Therewillbeevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithalitychips,computerswithin-builtalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-evision,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whenputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.aroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialanscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.74)Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbeth