Unit 6 Ancient stories课件12(牛津深圳版八年级上册)

Unit6AncientstoriesGrammarUnit6Grammar1AThepresentperfecttensewithsinceandforWeoftenusesince

andforwiththepresentperfecttense.Ihavenotlaughedlikethissincemychildhood.TheGreekshavetriedtocaptureourcityfortenyears.AThepresentperfecttensewi2WorkouttheruleWeusesincewith(aperiodoftime/apointintime)Weuseforwith(aperiodoftime/apointintime)用since的时候，后面跟时间点用for的时候，后面跟时间段WorkouttheruleWeusesince3Doris:SoyouliveinHamburg,Hans?Hans:Yes,IamaHamburger.HaveyouevermetaHamburger?Doris:Yes,Imetoneyesterdayatafast-foodrestaurant,andIateit.Hans:Ah,yes.I’veheardthatjokebefore,Doris.Doris:SoyouliveinHamburg,4Doris:Sorry,Han.Tellme,howlonghaveyoulivedinHamburg?Hans:Since1996.HowlonghaveyoulivedinShanghai?Doris:For14years.IwasbornhereDoris:Sorry,Han.Tellme,ho51.WheredoesHanslive?He________in____________.2HowlonghasHanslivedinHamburg?He____________there_____________.3.HowlonghasDorislivedinShanghai?She____________there______________.4.WherewasDorisborn?She___________________________.livesHamburghaslivedsince1996haslivedfor14yearswasborninShanghai1.WheredoesHanslive?livesH6A2Dorisistalkingaboutherself.ReadwhatshesaysandthendecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesareT(True)orF(False).Correntanyfalseones.A2Dorisistalkingabouthers7Hello.I’mDoris.It’snowNovember2012.I’velivedinShanghaisinceNovember1998.I’vestudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolforoneyearandtwomonths.I’vebeenintheScienceClubforoneyear.IjoinedtheVolleyballClubtwomonthsago.Hello.I’mDoris.It’snowNov81DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfouryears.T/F____________________________2.ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighschoolsinceSeptember2010.T/F____________________________

fourfourteen2010--20111DorishaslivedinShanghai93.ShehasbeenintheScienceClubsinceNovember2011.T/F____________________________4.ShehasbeenintheVolleyballClubfortwomonths.T/F____________________________3.ShehasbeenintheScience10BThepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttense.Wecanuseboththepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttensetotalkaboutapastexperience.IhavestudiedHistoryfortwoyears.IhadaHistorylessonyesterday.IhavelearntalotaboutGreekhistory.IreadthestoryoftheTrojanWarlastweek.BThepresentperfecttensean11

WorkouttherulesWeuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)totalkaboutapastexperiencewhichhasaconnectiontothepresent.Weuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)talkaboutacompletedactioninthepast.thepresentperfecttensethesimplepasttenseWorkouttherulesth12Breadthefollowingconversationbetweenthecaptainandasoldierfromthestory“TheTrojanhorse”.Completeitwiththecorrecttenseoftheverbsinbrackets.Breadthefollowingconversat13Soldier:Captain!Captain!TheGreeks(1)____________(go).They(2)________(leave)lastnight.Captain:Great!They(3)__________(come)heretenyearsagoand(4)______________(try)manytimestocaptureourcity,buttheycouldn’t.We(5)______________(win).Soldier:Butthey(6)___________ahugewoodenhorse.Canyouseeitoutsidethegates?hasgoneleftcamehavetriedhavewondidn’ttakeSoldier:Captain!Captain!The14B2Completethediarybelowwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.Thursday,10NovemberAnewbookshop(1)_________(open)thedaybeforeyesterdaynearmyschool.I(2)__________(go)therewithmycousinthisafternoon.

openedwentB2Completethediarybeloww15

I(3)_________(buy)atravelbookaboutGreece.I(4)___________________(neverbe)toGreece,butmycousin(5)__________(visit)thecountrylastyear.I(6)_____________(see)someofherphotos.Greeceissuchabeautifulcountry.boughthaveneverbeenvisitedhaveseenI(3)_________(buy)atravel16Mycousin(7)____________(buy)abookaboutancientGreece.I(8)_____________(read)afewpagesofthebookwithher.Ithinkit’sveryinteresting.boughthavereadMycousin(7)____________(buy)17现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。上一页下一页Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.(他刚把灯关了。)相当于：Heturnedoffthelightjustnow.Thelightisn’tonnow.即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果和影响：现在灯不亮了。

Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经完成了家庭作业。主菜单现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在18二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。上一页下一页Shehaslivedheresince

shewasborn.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法主菜单二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延上一页下一页Sheha19三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Ha20现在完成时的时间状语◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.◆还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，since,foralongtime等.上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的时间状语◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:alre21★一、since

Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.

（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）IhaveknownDaniel

since7yearsago.自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。He’slearnedabout500wordssincehewenttocollege.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一段时间＋ago从句★上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一段时间＋ago从句22★二、for＋一段时间（twoweeks/sixmonths/fivedays）for短语表示动作延续多长时间。

Hehastaughtinthisschoolforfouryears.我们认识有二十年了。

Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.

我好久没有见到她了。上一页下一页主菜单★二、for＋一段时间上一页下一页主菜单23★三、just,already,ever，recently，before,never是完成时态的时间状语，而justnow/amomentago是一般过去时的时间状语。Thetrainhasjustarrived.

火车刚到。DidyouseeJoanjustnow?

你刚才看到琼了吗？Haveyouheardfromyourfamilyrecently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？上一页下一页主菜单★三、just,already,ever，recent24短暂性动词与时间段的关系

●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,join,leave,marry等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）主菜单短暂性动词与时间段的关系●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不25borrow→keepbuy→have,arrive→bein/atdie→bedead,stop→beoverbegin/start→beon

leave→

beaway(from…),

come/go→bein/at,

getmarried→bemarriedjoin→bein

/amemberof下一页上一页主菜单borrow→keepbuy→have,26●也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“Itis…since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+…ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。上一页下一页主菜单●也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“Itis…since27电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.ItisfiveminutessincethefilmbeganThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.他入党五年了。HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty.HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.下一页上一页主菜单电影开始五分钟了。下一页上一页主菜单28

●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以上一页下一页主菜单29

翻译练习：

1.我买了这块手表五年了。

2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

WW下一页上一页主菜单Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.翻译练习：Ihaveboughtthis30

3.他已经回来三天了。

4.我离开家乡已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WW下一页上一页主菜单3.他已经回来三天了。Hehascome31havebeen与havegone的用法比较

havebeento…

意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto…

意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。上一页下一页主菜单havebeen与havegone的用法比较hav32

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？--Whereisshe?--ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单HassheeverbeentoNanji33与一般过去时的用法比较一.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系，而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。

上一页下一页主菜单与一般过去时的用法比较一.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单34二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。1.一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek…,一段时间＋ago,in1980（过去时间）,inOctober,justnow,amomentago.

上一页下一页主菜单eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的352.现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,ever,just,yet,already等不确定的时间状语。上一页下一页主菜单eg:Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.eg:

ShehasbeenintheReadingClubformanyyears.eg:IhaveknownDanielsincetenyearsago.2.现在完成时的时间状语：上一页下一页主菜单eg:They36eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页

第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。主菜单eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Ch37①陈述句肯定形式。主语+have/has+过去分词+其它e.g.Ihavehadlunch.

已经吃过午饭了。

HehasgonetoBeijing.

他去北京了。上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的基本句型上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的基本句型38②陈述句否定形式。主语+have/has+not+过去分词+…（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t）e.g.

Ihaven’thadlunch.

我还没吃午饭

Hehasn’tgonetoBeijing.他还没有去北京。②陈述句否定形式。主语+have/has+not+过去分39③一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋…（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes,主语＋have/has.否定回答：No,主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.－HashegonetoBeijing?他去过北京了吗？－Yes,hehas

./

No,hehasn’t.上一页下一页主菜单上一页下一页主菜单40④特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）

特词+have/has+主语＋过去分词＋…？

e.g.Wherehashegone?

他去了哪里？④特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）41动词填空：

1._____youalready________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.

Havecleanedhavedonediddodid下一页上一页主菜单动词填空：Havecleanedhavedonedi422.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.3.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.4.－How______she_____(go)thereyesterday?－She_____(go)therebyair.havereadhasgonedidgowent下一页上一页主菜单2.I__________(read)thenov43选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.forsincefor下一页上一页主菜单选用for和since填空:forsincefor下一页444.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.sinceforsince4.MrGreenhasworkedhere___45改错1.Thefilmhasstoppedforanhour..2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.Kittyhasboughtabooksincelastweek.4.Ourmanagerisn’tintoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhou.beenoverkeptgone下一页上一页主菜单had改错beenoverkeptgone下一页上一页主菜单46

Thankyou!Thankyou!47

Unit6AncientstoriesGrammarUnit6Grammar48AThepresentperfecttensewithsinceandforWeoftenusesince

andforwiththepresentperfecttense.Ihavenotlaughedlikethissincemychildhood.TheGreekshavetriedtocaptureourcityfortenyears.AThepresentperfecttensewi49WorkouttheruleWeusesincewith(aperiodoftime/apointintime)Weuseforwith(aperiodoftime/apointintime)用since的时候，后面跟时间点用for的时候，后面跟时间段WorkouttheruleWeusesince50Doris:SoyouliveinHamburg,Hans?Hans:Yes,IamaHamburger.HaveyouevermetaHamburger?Doris:Yes,Imetoneyesterdayatafast-foodrestaurant,andIateit.Hans:Ah,yes.I’veheardthatjokebefore,Doris.Doris:SoyouliveinHamburg,51Doris:Sorry,Han.Tellme,howlonghaveyoulivedinHamburg?Hans:Since1996.HowlonghaveyoulivedinShanghai?Doris:For14years.IwasbornhereDoris:Sorry,Han.Tellme,ho521.WheredoesHanslive?He________in____________.2HowlonghasHanslivedinHamburg?He____________there_____________.3.HowlonghasDorislivedinShanghai?She____________there______________.4.WherewasDorisborn?She___________________________.livesHamburghaslivedsince1996haslivedfor14yearswasborninShanghai1.WheredoesHanslive?livesH53A2Dorisistalkingaboutherself.ReadwhatshesaysandthendecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesareT(True)orF(False).Correntanyfalseones.A2Dorisistalkingabouthers54Hello.I’mDoris.It’snowNovember2012.I’velivedinShanghaisinceNovember1998.I’vestudiedatNewPointJuniorHighSchoolforoneyearandtwomonths.I’vebeenintheScienceClubforoneyear.IjoinedtheVolleyballClubtwomonthsago.Hello.I’mDoris.It’snowNov551DorishaslivedinShanghaiforfouryears.T/F____________________________2.ShehasstudiedatNewPointJuniorHighschoolsinceSeptember2010.T/F____________________________

fourfourteen2010--20111DorishaslivedinShanghai563.ShehasbeenintheScienceClubsinceNovember2011.T/F____________________________4.ShehasbeenintheVolleyballClubfortwomonths.T/F____________________________3.ShehasbeenintheScience57BThepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttense.Wecanuseboththepresentperfecttenseandthesimplepasttensetotalkaboutapastexperience.IhavestudiedHistoryfortwoyears.IhadaHistorylessonyesterday.IhavelearntalotaboutGreekhistory.IreadthestoryoftheTrojanWarlastweek.BThepresentperfecttensean58

WorkouttherulesWeuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)totalkaboutapastexperiencewhichhasaconnectiontothepresent.Weuse(thepresentperfecttense/thesimplepasttense)talkaboutacompletedactioninthepast.thepresentperfecttensethesimplepasttenseWorkouttherulesth59Breadthefollowingconversationbetweenthecaptainandasoldierfromthestory“TheTrojanhorse”.Completeitwiththecorrecttenseoftheverbsinbrackets.Breadthefollowingconversat60Soldier:Captain!Captain!TheGreeks(1)____________(go).They(2)________(leave)lastnight.Captain:Great!They(3)__________(come)heretenyearsagoand(4)______________(try)manytimestocaptureourcity,buttheycouldn’t.We(5)______________(win).Soldier:Butthey(6)___________ahugewoodenhorse.Canyouseeitoutsidethegates?hasgoneleftcamehavetriedhavewondidn’ttakeSoldier:Captain!Captain!The61B2Completethediarybelowwiththecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.Thursday,10NovemberAnewbookshop(1)_________(open)thedaybeforeyesterdaynearmyschool.I(2)__________(go)therewithmycousinthisafternoon.

openedwentB2Completethediarybeloww62

I(3)_________(buy)atravelbookaboutGreece.I(4)___________________(neverbe)toGreece,butmycousin(5)__________(visit)thecountrylastyear.I(6)_____________(see)someofherphotos.Greeceissuchabeautifulcountry.boughthaveneverbeenvisitedhaveseenI(3)_________(buy)atravel63Mycousin(7)____________(buy)abookaboutancientGreece.I(8)_____________(read)afewpagesofthebookwithher.Ithinkit’sveryinteresting.boughthavereadMycousin(7)____________(buy)64现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。上一页下一页Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.(他刚把灯关了。)相当于：Heturnedoffthelightjustnow.Thelightisn’tonnow.即关灯这一动作对现在造成的结果和影响：现在灯不亮了。

Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经完成了家庭作业。主菜单现在完成时的主要用法一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在65二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。上一页下一页Shehaslivedheresince

shewasborn.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。现在完成时的主要用法主菜单二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延上一页下一页Sheha66三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Ha67现在完成时的时间状语◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.◆还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，since,foralongtime等.上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的时间状语◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:alre68★一、since

Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.

（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）IhaveknownDaniel

since7yearsago.自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。He’slearnedabout500wordssincehewenttocollege.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一段时间＋ago从句★上一页下一页主菜单一个时间点一段时间＋ago从句69★二、for＋一段时间（twoweeks/sixmonths/fivedays）for短语表示动作延续多长时间。

Hehastaughtinthisschoolforfouryears.我们认识有二十年了。

Ihaven’tseenherforalongtime.

我好久没有见到她了。上一页下一页主菜单★二、for＋一段时间上一页下一页主菜单70★三、just,already,ever，recently，before,never是完成时态的时间状语，而justnow/amomentago是一般过去时的时间状语。Thetrainhasjustarrived.

火车刚到。DidyouseeJoanjustnow?

你刚才看到琼了吗？Haveyouheardfromyourfamilyrecently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？上一页下一页主菜单★三、just,already,ever，recent71短暂性动词与时间段的关系

●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come/go,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,join,leave,marry等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）主菜单短暂性动词与时间段的关系●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不72borrow→keepbuy→have,arrive→bein/atdie→bedead,stop→beoverbegin/start→beon

leave→

beaway(from…),

come/go→bein/at,

getmarried→bemarriedjoin→bein

/amemberof下一页上一页主菜单borrow→keepbuy→have,73●也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“Itis…since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+…ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。上一页下一页主菜单●也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“Itis…since74电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.ItisfiveminutessincethefilmbeganThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.他入党五年了。HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty.HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.下一页上一页主菜单电影开始五分钟了。下一页上一页主菜单75

●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以上一页下一页主菜单76

翻译练习：

1.我买了这块手表五年了。

2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

WW下一页上一页主菜单Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.翻译练习：Ihaveboughtthis77

3.他已经回来三天了。

4.我离开家乡已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WW下一页上一页主菜单3.他已经回来三天了。Hehascome78havebeen与havegone的用法比较

havebeento…

意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto…

意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。上一页下一页主菜单havebeen与havegone的用法比较hav79

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？--Whereisshe?--ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单HassheeverbeentoNanji80与一般过去时的用法比较一.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系，而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。

上一页下一页主菜单与一般过去时的用法比较一.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单81二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。1.一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek…,一段时间＋ago,in1980（过去时间）,inOctober,justnow,amomentago.

上一页下一页主菜单eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的822.现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,ever,just,yet,already等不确定的时间状语。上一页下一页主菜单eg:Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.eg:

ShehasbeenintheReadingClubformanyyears.eg:IhaveknownDanielsincetenyearsago.2.现在完成时的时间状语：上一页下一页主菜单eg:They83eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一