Lecture 1 American Literature公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

Lecture1:AmericanLiterature1.ColonialPeriodEarly17th

–endof18thcenturyBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)

PoorRichard'sAlmanac

TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin

“Thereneverwasagoodwarorabadpeace.”

“Itishardforanemptybagtostandupright.”“Earlytobedandearlytorise,Makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”ThomasPaine

CommonSense

TheAmericanCrisis“Thatgovernmentisbestwhichgovernsleast.”

“Ifwedonothangtogether,weshallsurelyhangseparately.”

2.EarlyRomanticPeriodThefirsthalfof19thcenturyWashingtonIrving(1783-1859)

“RipVanWinkle”,“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”,fromTheSketchBookJamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851)

LeatherstockingTales3.AmericanRenaissanceOr“NewEnglandTranscendentalism”

(1836-1855)RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)

Nature(1836)

“TheAmericanScholar”(1837)—America’s“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)

WaldenWaltWhitman(1819-1892)

LeavesofGrass(1855)EmilyDickinson(1830-1886)NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)

TheScarletLetter(1850)HermanMelville(1819-1891)

MobyDickEdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)mostcontroversialfatherofmodernshortstoryfatherofdetectivestoryfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismTalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque《奇异怪诞故事集》

“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”

“TheRaven”;“AnnabelLee”;“ToHelen”“ThePoeticPrinciple”《诗歌原理》

“ThePhilosophyofComposition”《创作哲学》RomanticFeatures1.nativefeatureandpioneeringintotheWest2.Puritanismasmorallaw3.Transcendentalism(“therecognitioninmanthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,orofattainingknowledgetranscendingthereachofthesense.”)4.humannatureAmericanRomanticistsdifferedintheirunderstandingofhumannature.ToEmersonandThoreau,manisdivineinnatureandthereforeforeverperfectible;toHawthorneandMelville,everybodyispotentiallyasinner,andgreatmoralcourageisthereforeindispensablefortheimprovementofhumannature.4.TheAgeofRealismTheCivilWarsymbolizestheendofRomanticPeriodinAmerica.Realismasareactionagainst“thelieofRomanticismandSentimentalism”Concernforthecommonplace,thelow;objectiveviewofhumannatureandhumanrealismDeanHowells(1837-1920)MarkTwain(1835-1910)

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

consideredasFatherofModernAmericanLiteraturebyHemingwayHenryJames(1843-1916)internationalthemeandpsychologicalrealism

DaisyMiller(1878)

ThePortraitofaLady(1881)

TheTurnoftheScrew(1898)

TheWingsoftheDove(1902)

TheGoldenBowl(1904)

5.NaturalismEmileZola:1.manisnolongerafreeethicalbeinginacold,indifferentandessentiallyGodlessuniverse.2.Inthischanceworldmanisbothhelplessandhopeless.3.man’slifeisgovernedbythetwoforcesofheredityandenvironment,forcesabsolutelybeyondman’scontrol.AmericanNaturalismStephenCrane(1871-1900)

Maggie:AGirloftheStreets—thefirstAmericannaturalistworkFrankNorris(1870-1902)

McTeague—manifestoofAmericannaturalismTheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)

SisterCarrie—maturityofAmericannaturalismAmericanmagazinestory—O.HenrySocialCriticism—JackLondon6.Imagism1920sEconomyofexpressionanduseofdominantimageEzraPound(1885-1972):fatherofmodernAmericanpoetry

Cantos7.HighModernismT.S.Eliot(1888-1965)

TheWasteland:agraphicillustrationofthespiritualpovertyoftheWestofthetimeWilliamCarlosWilliams(1883-1963)WallaceStevens(1879-1955)RobertFrost(1874-1963)CarlSandburg(1878-1967)8.ModernistFictionF.ScottFitzgerald(1898-1940)failureofAmericanDream,frustrationanddespair

TheGreatGatsbyErnestHemingway(1898-1961)dilemmaofmodernmaninanindifferentworld;man’simpotenceanddespairingcourageagainstoddsWilliamFaulkner(1897-1962)historyofDeepSouth,“toretelltherecurrentstoryofhumandreams,braveryanddefeat,tomakeastatementaboutthepastandusethatstatementtotalkaboutman’slotinhisworld”

TheSoundandTheFury9.HarlemRenaissance1920s,upsurgeofAfricanAmericanLiteratureLangstonHughes(1902-1967)RalphEllison(1914-1994)ToniMorrison(1931-)winnerofNobelPrizeforLiteratureAliceWalker(1943-)TheColorPurpleModernAmericanDramaEugeneO’Neill(1888-1953)TennesseeWilliams(1911-1983)ArthurMiller(1915-)EdwardAlbee(1928-)Post-warperiodSaulBellowJ.D.SalingerJohnUpdikeThomasPynchonFlanneryO’ConnorVladimirNabokovJoyceCarolOatesWarnovel,sourthernnovel,Jewishnovel,theBeatnovel,theblacknovel,Fantasy,surrealismnon-fiction,metafiction,sciencefiction,parody,popliteratureRalphWaldoEmersonNatureSeparatechaptersTranscendentalismAliteraryandphilosophicalmovementthatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19th

century,associatedwithRalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,andMargaretFuller,assertingtheexistenceofanidealspiritualrealitythattranscendstheempiricalandscientificandisknowablethroughintuition.Epigraphfor1849editionAsubtlechainofcountlessrings

Thenextuntothefarthestbrings;

Theeyereadsomenswhereitgoes,

Andspeaksalllanguagestherose;

And,strivingtobeman,theworm

Mountsthroughallthespiresofform.

note:theGreatChainofBeing;thetheoryofEvolutionReadmore:/study_guide/literature/Emerson-s-Essays-Nature-Analysis-and-Original-Text-Introduction-to-the-Essay.id-95,pageNum-8.html#ixzz0h49rZvFy

Cf.WordsworthMyheartleapsupwhenIbehold

Arainbowinthesky:

Sowasitwhenmylifebegan;

SoisitnowIamaman;

SobeitwhenIshallgrowold,

Orletmedie!

TheChildisfatheroftheMan;

AndIcouldwishmydaystobe

Boundeachtoeachbynaturalpiety.Coleridge:wehaveeyesyetseenot,earsthathearnot,andheartsthatneitherfeelnorunderstand.

(Biographia

Literaria

,Ch.14)“TheAmericanScholar”"TheAmericanScholar"wasaspeechgivenbyRalphWaldoEmersononAugust31,1837,tothePhiBetaKappaSocietyinHarvard.HewasinvitedtospeakinrecognitionofhisgroundbreakingworkNature,publishedayearearlier,inwhichheestablishedanewwayforAmerica'sfledglingsocietytoregardtheworld.Sixtyyearsafterdeclaringindependence,AmericanculturewasstillheavilyinfluencedbyEurope,andEmerson,forpossiblythefirsttimeinthecountry'shistory,providedavisionaryphilosophicalframeworkforescaping"fromunderitsironlids"andbuildinganew,distinctlyAmericanculturalidentity."TheAmericanScholar"hasanobligation,as"ManThinking",withinthis"OneMan"concept,toseetheworldclearly,notseverelyinfluencedbytraditio