英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题包括

2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers?Dusingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiametermaydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking，nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithIdentifyingthekindsofthinkingthatisusedbytechnologists.Stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.Proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.Contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaareStrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.Weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.Strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.Strongdespitetheerrorsthosegraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.Eachcomponentofanautomobile?Dforexample,theengineorthefueltank?Dhasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner''sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecauseThepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.Collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.答案与考点解析「答案」B「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。本题的正确答案信息点在原文第一段的倒数第二句，该句重申“nonverbalthinking”的重要性。可见本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在破解中心主旨题时必然要第一找出原文的中心主旨句。「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道反推题。依照题干中的“engineeringcurricula”可将本题的正确答案信息本源确定在原文的第三段第一句。该句中“should”一词的理解十分重要。“should”是“应该做”而实质上确“没有做”。依照“should”一词而且结合第三段第一句实行反推即逆向思想，可得出本题的正确选项是A.考生在解题时应该重视要点的语言信号词，更要增强反推的水平。「答案」D「考点解析」本题是一道细节归纳推导题。其实只要考生抓住第一段中的中心主旨句(倒数第二句)和第二段中的中心主旨句(倒数第一句)，就不难搜寻出本题的正确答案D.要想知道某一段的主要含义就要第一找出该段的中心主旨句。别的考生在破解此类题型时还要善于依照中心主旨句实行合理的逻辑推导。「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。若是考生抓住了全文的中心主旨(第一段的倒数第二句)以及每段的中心主旨句(比方第二段的倒数第一句)，就不难搜寻出本题的正确选项A，因为该选项所重申的内容与这些中心主旨句所表达的内容是相互一致的。考生在破解中心主旨题型时必然要具备搜寻和理解中心主旨句的水平。「答案」D「考点解析」本题是一道细节推导题。题干已经将本题的答案信息确定在第三段的尾句，该句重申的是“engineeringstudents”在教育方面的弊端，所以本题的正确选项应该是D.若是考生在理解此句时有困难，可借助于本段的主题句(第三段第一句)来破解本题。第三段第一句重申的是“engineeringcurricula”缺乏“designcourses”。这句话同样是表示“engineeringstudents”在教育方面的缺失。考生在破解此类题型时必然要善于总结和归纳原文的信息。[参照译文]很多平常使用的事物明显碰到了科学的影响，但它们的形状和功能，它们的大小和外观，是由工艺人员、工匠、设计师、发明家和工程师使用非科学思想模式来设计的。工艺人员所考虑物体的很多性质和特点不能够归纳到绝不模糊的字面描述;在思想中，它们以一种视觉上的、非语言的方式被加以办理。在西方科技的发展过程中，大体上是由非语言思想刻画了我们物质环境的轮廓并充分了其中的细节。金字塔、大教堂、火箭之所以存有，不是因为几何学或热力学的原因，而是因为在它们