考研考博-英语-上海财经大学浙江学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海财经大学浙江学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

MissTennantwas______intorevealingthenamesofthepeoplewhogotinvolvedinorganizingandcarryingoutthemurders.

问题1选项

A.infuriated

B.poked

C.dragooned

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项infuriate“激怒，使大怒”，B项poke“刺，捅，戳”，C项dragoon“迫使，强迫，以武力镇压”，D项aggrandize“增加，夸大，强化”。根据句子意思“坦南特小姐……透露了参与组织和实施这些谋杀的人的名字”可知，四个选项中只有dragoon符合语境，osth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。句意：坦南特小姐被迫透露了参与组织和实施这些谋杀的人的名字。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

问题1选项

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。price“价格；价值”；station“车站；驻地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“税收，税收收入”。句意：政府因为棘手的石油收入而缺钱。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Anthropologyisascience（）anthropologistsusearigoroussetofmethodsandtechniquestodocumentobservationsthatcanbecheckedbyothers.

问题1选项

A.inthat

B.thatin

C.that

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】that在这里引导同位语从句,解释说明科学,在句中不充当任何成分。inthat引导原因从句。

4.单选题

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

问题1选项

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃烧，烧毁”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一点这种蛋糕吧，这是我特意为你烘焙的。烤蛋糕用bake,故B项正确。

5.单选题

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

问题1选项

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名词和形容词词义辨析。A选项的inflexibility“不屈性，顽固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B选项的impropriety“不合适，不恰当”；oscillatory“振动的，动摇的，变动的"；C选项的intransigence“不妥协，强硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，宽容的”；D选项的success“成功，胜利”；authoritative“命令式的，专断的，权威式的”。根据句意‘与他先前亳不让步的谈判者的声誉相反，摩根近来采取了一种更为缓和的立场，所以许多他先前的批判者转而称赞他’确定C选项正确。

6.单选题

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

问题1选项

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Theshipwas（

）inastormoffJamaica.

问题1选项

A.drowned

B.immerged

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】drown淹死，溺死；immerge浸入，浸没；wreck失事；submit使服从。句意：这艘船在离开牙买加的时候，在暴风雨中失事了。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Itwasclearthatthegardenwasnomoreamateuraffair;ithadbeen（）professionally.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laiddown

C.laidoff

D.laidaside

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定词组搭配。A选项laidout表示“安排，陈列，花费”；B选项laiddown表示“放下，主张，铺设”；C选项laidoff表示“下岗，解雇”；D选项laidaside表示“搁置，储存，留存”。it指代前文中的thegarden，而空缺处需填入动词短语的过去分词形式构成被动，由句意可知“（按计划）安排；布局；陈列”最合适，因此本题正确答案为A。【句意】很显然，这个花园不再是业余者做的事情，而是经过专业的布局。

9.单选题

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近词辨析题。consistent始终如一的，坚持的；continuous连续的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；continual持续不断的，频繁的。

句意：通过和平的方式实现统一，这是我们一贯的政策。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

问题1选项

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

问题2选项

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

问题3选项

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

问题4选项

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

问题5选项

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能会撤回一种下意识的倾向，转而为企业而非员工和客户做出裁决。可推断出法院似乎会支持员工。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考虑到最高法院去年在一起类似案件中是如何做出裁决的，它会采用任何一种宽容的标准，这令人惊讶，也令人欢迎。又因为此句是对第二段内容的一个总结和衔接，可推断出第二段联邦快递的例子就是为了证明此观点，法院竟然采用了一种宽容的标准，这是令人惊讶的。选项A符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一项过分的裁决中，最高法院忽视其判例，认定一名囚犯因为错过了最后期限而失去了对谋杀罪提出质疑的权利。可判断出egregious是一个消极意义的单词，意为“极坏的，糟糕的，过分的”。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。A和D项都是对联邦例子细节上的描写和体现，并不是一个总结，可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在进行一场运动，以废除对公司的巨额惩罚性赔偿，而且下文提到公司可以雇佣更加有能力的人，可判断出法院并没有一直做出有利于员工和消费者的裁决，选项B可排除。根据文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知对一个判决进行过分解读是错误的，有确凿的证据表明，法院不会轻易动摇它对公司问题的过分关注。可推断出法院不会轻易放弃对公司问题的关注。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据全文，可知作者对法院之前的裁决表现出不认同的态度，根据文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知联邦快递事件的裁决运用了宽容标准，是令人惊讶并且受人欢迎的。但第五段第一句又提到对于本事件的裁决也可能标志着一个新的方向。可推断出作者对联邦快递事件的法院判决的态度似乎是持怀疑态度的。选项B符合题意。

11.翻译题

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.1.With（thegapbetween）thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.2.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.

3.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.

TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.4.Asmanytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.5.SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

【答案】1.【参考译文】由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。

2.【参考译文】每个启示出现之前，当时的许多思想家都采用更为古老的思维方式，包括地心说的观点，该观点认为地球是我们宇宙的中心。

3.【参考译文】尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

4.【参考译文】正当很多人致力于尝试把推理和科学哲理融入到世界时，文艺复兴结束了，而此时一个新的时代到来了。

5.【参考译文】这些探索知识并且理解已知信息的行为可以用拉丁文“sapereaude”或英文“daretoknow”描述。

12.单选题

Slaughteranddestructionareterriblerealitiesofwar.

问题1选项

A.slab

B.massivekilling

C.slight

D.dimension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项slab“厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项massivekilling“大规模的杀戮”；C选项slight“怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项dimension“方面；[数]维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词slaughter“屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。

13.单选题

Nothingwould（）Elizabethtogiveupthecauseofeducation.

问题1选项

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.seduce

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项induce“导致”；B选项deduce“推论”；C选项reduce“减少”；D选项seduce“诱惑”。句意：没有什么能让伊丽莎白放弃教育事业。本句表示导致某人放弃。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin_______theareasofleastexperience.

问题1选项

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。根据in可知横线部分是宾语从句，根据横线后面判断宾语从句缺主语。A选项中that不做主语，故A选项错误。D选项构成完整句子，不符合从句结构，故错误。C选项which表示“哪一个”，不符合句意，故错误。B选项中what指areasofleastexperience“经验最少的领域”，是从句主语，符合题意。句意：事实是，当母亲在所谓不需要经验的领域里有最高的要求。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Itwas（

）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.assaulted

C.alleged

D.ascribed

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷”；B选项assault“攻击、袭击”；C选项allege“宣称，断言”；D选项ascribe“归于”。这里重点考查的是固定搭配itisallegedthat意思是“据指称，有人称”。根据从句部分“therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers”可知空格部分意思为“据说，据称”，句意为：据说这家旅店歧视黑人顾客。选项C符合句子语境意思。

17.单选题

Thefateofancientmansionissealedsincethemayorhasdecided:“（

）thishousewillbepulleddownbytheFirstofOctober.”

问题1选项

A.Whatmaycome

B.Comewhatmay

C.Maywhatcome

D.Comemaywhat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay“无论如何”。句意：古宅的命运是注定了的，自从市长决定无论怎样，这栋房子将在十月一号被推倒。选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

问题1选项

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

问题2选项

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

问题3选项

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

问题4选项

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法国悖论”是为了……。’根据第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.这已经不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处了，1991年呼吁人们注意所谓法国悖论就是其中的一次。”确定B选项‘为关于红酒的新科学发现提供更多信息‘正确。

2.推断题。题目提问‘第1段的最后一句意味着……。’根据第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”确定这里作者想说的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B选项‘只要酒的味道是我们喜欢的，我们就可以直接多喝些‘正确。

3.推断题。题目提问‘作者的目的是……。’根据文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.这不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”可以确定作者的态度是带有批评意味的，C选项正确。

4.推断题。题目提问‘在最后一段，“阿尔茨海默病”是作为一个……例子。’根据最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜芦醇可以延缓衰老过程，预防许多老年疾病。”与第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.几年前，科学家报告说，白藜芦醇可能会阻止这种疾病的发生.”两句的关系（前面提出与后面证明）确定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）与第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互对应的，所以C选项正确。

19.单选题

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans-whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficialnamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

59.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar______.

60.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurus______.

61.ItcanbeinferredthatBasilosaurusbredandgavebirthinwhichofthefollowinglocations?

问题1选项

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

问题2选项

A.hearingstructures

B.adaptationsfordiving

C.skullshapes

D.breedinglocations

问题3选项

A.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatans

B.livedatthesametimeasPakicetus

C.wasabletoswimwell

D.couldnothavewalkedonland

问题4选项

A.Onland.

B.Bothonlandandatsea.

C.Inshallowwater.

D.Inamarineenvironment.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从第1段中可以推断出关于早期海獭的哪一项？”。根据第一段第四句However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.（然而，不像海獭和鳍足类动物，如海豹、海狮和海象，它们的四肢既能在陆地上也能在海上活动，很难想象第一批鲸鱼长什么样）可知，第一批鲸鱼不像海獭和鳍足类动物一样，它们只能在海里活动，所以很难想象它们的样子，从而反推，想象早期的海獭是什么样子没有那么难，故A项“不难想象它们长什么样”正确，由此也可知C项“他们只住在海里”与原文不符；第一段都没有提到早期海獭的数量及其化石，B项“数量巨大”和D项“他们没有留下很多化石遗迹”不选。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“巴基鲸和现代鲸目动物也有类似的……”。根据第三段第三句Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.（这个头骨与鲸类动物相似，但它的下颚骨缺少现代鲸鱼用来接收水下声音的、充满脂肪或油的扩大空间。）可知，Pakicetus化石有和现代鲸目动物相似的头骨，C项“头骨形状”正确；第三段第四句提到Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.（巴基鲸可能像陆地哺乳动物一样通过耳孔探测声音。）可知，巴基鲸的听力结构可能和陆地哺乳动物一样，但现代鲸目动物是海洋哺乳生物，故A项“听力结构”错误；第三段最后两句指出IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.（据推测，巴基鲸以浅水鱼类为食，尚未适应在开