1986年-1990年考研英语真题及答案

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.inbywithatANSWER:[A]Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrellingeachotherformanyyears.tobetweenagainstwithTherearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecomparedtobaccoproducts.[A]inwithamongby“Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”onesurgeonaskedanother."Oh,times,Iguess,“wasthereply.hundredofhundredshundredsofhundredGivemeyourtelephonenumberIneedyourhelp.whetherunlesssothatincaseYousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou'11sing.morebetterstillbetternicelybestThosepeopleageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.lackofarelackingoflackareinlackAloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltlonely.nothingbutanythingbutallbuteverythingbutGracetearswhensheheardthesadnews.brokeinbrokeintobrokeoffbrokethroughSherefusedtothecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.handinhandouthanddownhandoverMichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokestoAmericanaudiences.aroundoveracrossdownThebookcontainedalargeofinformation.dealamountnumbersumNportioncorrelationconnectioncorrespondenceWhenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehousetoherumbrella.carryfetchbringreachWemustthattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.assuresecureensureissueHewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly.injureddamagedharmedruinedSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe"Megallan,“whichisnowonher15-monthandone-bi11ion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth'ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof"earth'stwin."ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth's:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(C02)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2S0i).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth'soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.VenusissimilartoEarthin.sizeanddensitydistancefromthesunhavingatmospherealloftheaboveThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto.allowustovisitthereunderstandEarthbetterfindanewsourceofenergypromoteanewspaceprogramTblemsofspacetravelscientificmethodsinspaceexplorationtheimportanceofVenustoEarthconditionsonVenusText2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome'smainavenues.Italy'spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasocietywithoutviolence."Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen'sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining."Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,"saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly'spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly'stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaners.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome“probablymeansatomove quietlythroughcentralRome.”violentlythroughcentralRome.”inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.”ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome.”WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.About200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor.morejobopportunitiesagreatervarietyofjobs"equaljob,equalpay”bothAandBThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.TheRoleofWomenisSocietyWomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmploymentWomenasSelf-employedProfessionalsWomenandtheJobsMarketText3Theoldideathattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout"intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,1,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsis.trueinallsensesrefutedbytheauthormedicallyprovenabeliefoftheauthorThesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto.findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadultsprovethattalentedchildren"burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsdiscoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegiftedprovethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesoutIntelligencetestsshowedthat.brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthybetweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligencetalentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadultswhentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten26thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest27oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”and“80DaysAroundtheWorld,“hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction28youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya29writer.In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe30shopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas31totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake32mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants33theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma34partofpeople'sdiets.Foreigntravelwill35;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.[A]inofaboutfor[A]sensemeaningdetailimplication[A]forofontowards[A]todaynowadayspresent-daypresent[A]nearnearbynearlynearer[A]noisesoundtonetune[A]toawayoffover[A]thanaswhenwhile[A]usualpopulardailyregular[A]addincreaseraiseariseSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecausethere'sABhardlysomethingleft.CDANSWER:[C]anythingTOC\o"1-5"\h\zAlicewashavingtroubletocontrolthechildrenbecausethereA Bweresomanyofthem.CDWewereverymuchsurprisedthatthevillagewassuchlongwayAB Cfromtheroad.DJohn'schanceofbeingelectedchairmanofthecommitteeisfarA B -C-greaterthanDick.DTOC\o"1-5"\h\z“Wehavewonagreatvictoryonourenemy,“thecaptainsaid.AB ~CDTherearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingAtopayfor,butwhichdoesnotbringareturninmoneytotheB CDcommunity.ThelawIamreferringrequiresthateveryonewhoownsacarhaveA BCDaccidentinsurance."IconsideredrtahonortobeinvitedtoaddressthemeetingofAB Cworld-famousscientists,“saidProfessorLeacock.DHewasseeingsomebodycreepingintothehousethroughtheopenA B C Dwindowlastnight.ThereasonforallthechangesbeingmadehasnotexplainedtousAB C Dyet.Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedasleep,thenurseswerenotA Bdeceivedwhentheycameintotheroom.CDSectionVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedBuyingclothes(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative(send)totheconferenceonschedule.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas(instruct).Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate(hear)fromyousoon.I(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn't.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.Thelecture(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem(close)theirbooksunexpectedly.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses(havetodestroy).SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15points).你应该仔细核对全部资料,以避免严重错误。.尽管这个实验复杂,他们决心按时把它完成。.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。.只有那些不怕困难的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说,不如说更像是新闻报导。SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasunaturevs.nurture.”Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe"nurturentheory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersofthe"naturetheoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon'tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(66)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.(67)IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssomeunature"proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(68)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Mostpeoplethinkneitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.1990年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)1.[D]2.[B]3.[C]4.[D]5.[B]6.[C]7.[B]8.[B]9.[D]10.[C]11.[B]12.[A]13.[B]14.[C]15.[A]SectionII:ReadingComprehension(20points)16.[D]17.[B]18.[C]19.[C]20.[B]21.[D]22.[B]23.[B]24.[A]25.EC]SectionIII:ClozeTest(10points)26.[C]27.[A]28.[A]29.[C]30.[B]31.[B]32.[D]33.[A]34.[D]35.[B]SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)36.[B]controlling37.[C]sucha38.[D]Dick's39.[C]over40.[C]donotbring41.[A]referringto42.[B]anhonor43.[A]saw44.[D]hasnotbeenexplained45.[B]tobeasleepSectionV:VerbForms(10points)46.is47.(should)besent48.instructed49.hearing50.shouldhavecalled51.wouldnothavehad52.tofind53.havingbegun54.close55.willhavetobedestroyedSectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)Youshouldcheckallthedatacarefullysoastoavoidseriousmistakes.Althoughtheexperimentiscomplicated,theyaredeterminedtofinishitontime.Allsignsshowedthatthemanknewnothingofwhathadhappenedhere.Onlythosewhoarenotafraidofanydifficultieshavethechanceofachievingoutstandingresultsintheirwork.Thispieceofwritingismorelikeanewsreportthanashortstory.SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points).他们想要说明,为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。.在这场争论中,赞成“天性”一方的那些人认为,我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。.这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的。.行为主义者坚信,人象机器ー样,对环境的刺激作出反应,这是他们行为的基础。.支持‘'天性”论的人坚持说,我们生来就具有一定的学习才能,这是由生物因素决定的。.行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么,这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。.在美国,黑人在标准化智力测试中的成绩常常低于白人。.相反,行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其它环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.inbywithatANSWER:[A]Modernmanfacesdangerscompletelyunknownhispredecessors.fortoofbyThechancesofseeingahelicopterinmyhometownareoneamillion.fortoinagainstwehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.SincethatSincenowBynowNowthatWehopethemeasurestocontrolprices,takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.whenas[C」since[D]afterThehistoricaleventsofthatperiodarearranged.inalphabeticalorderinanalphabeticalorderinthealphabeticalordersinalphabeticalordersInsomemarketstheremaybeonlyoneseller.iscalledamonopoly.SituationasthisSuchkindofsituationSuchasituationAsituationofthisHeistospeakthetruth.toomuchofacowardtoomuchacowardsomuchacowardsomuchofacowardHealwaysgivestohiswife'sdemandsanddoeswhatevershetellshimto.upawayinoutIt'sintheregulationsthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.laiduponlaidoutlaiduplaiddownLookatallthecorruptionthat'sgoingon.It'stimethecitywas[A]cleanedout[B]cleaneddown[C]cleanedaway[D]cleanedupThoughhedidnotsaysodirectly,theinspectorthemanwasguilty.declaredimplieddisclosedsaidThePrimeMinisterrefusedtoontherumourthathehadplannedtoresign.explaincommentremarktalkIaskedthetailortomakeasmalltomytrousersbecausetheyweretoolong.changevariationrevisionalterationMagnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoftenpeopletowritepoems.excitedinspiredinducedattractedThefoodwasdividedaccordingtotheageandsizeofthechildren.equallyproportionatelysufficientlyadequatelySectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1Ascientistoncesaid:"Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycomeup.aWhydon'ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon'ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves?"peopleasked.Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.aThemostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,"saidDr.Mead,"isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon'tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem."Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:"Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemayfeelwe'remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay'hello'."SomescientistshavealsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.Justaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem,soperhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.Arewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverse?Aretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravel?Doweliveinagigantic"zoo"observedbyour"keepers,"buthavingnocommunicationwiththem?Neverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.Nowwehavetorecognizethat,amongthestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.Peoplewhoa