动词的时态和语态公开课一等奖省优质课大赛获奖课件

EnglishBasicTenses(时态)Anappleaday,keepthedoctoraway.Eatinganappleeverydayisbeneficialtoourhealth.我昨天吃了一个苹果。我天天都吃一个苹果。我现在正在吃苹果。我明天要吃一个苹果。汉语借助词汇伎俩而非词形式改变来表示动作发生Iate

anappleyesterday.Ieat

anappleeveryday.Iameatinganapplenow.Iwilleatanappletomorrow.或Iamgoingtoeatanappletomorrow.而英语经过谓语动词改变来表现动作发生。任何句子都要先注意时态。普通现在时普通过去时普通未来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去未来时普通时态进行时态完成时态常见八种时态(1)Ioftenlistentomusicafterclass.(2)Heplaysbasketballeveryday.(3)Hedoesn’tlikeheratall.(4)DoyoulikeEnglish?/No,Idon’t.Themoonmovesaroundthesun.1.表示经常性或重复性发生动作或存在状态。2.表示客观事实或真理。结构：主语+动词原形/三单形式普通现在时

普通现在时惯用标志词：1.everyday/week/month/year2.alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever3.onceaweektwiceamonthI________(study)hardeverydayandI________(get)alongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesI______(miss)myfamilies.Myheadteacher_______(like)usverymuch,butshe______(be)strictwithus.studygetmisslikesis

(1)Wewenttothezoolastweek.

(2)HewasinShanghailastyear.(3)Ididn’teatanappleyesterday.(4)Didyoufinishyourhomeworklastnight?

表示过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态。结构：主语+动词过去式普通过去时普通过去时惯用标志词有：1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,2.lastweek/month/year3.justnow4.twodaysagoI_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways________(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_______(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_______(be)happyatthattime.

spentplayed

didn’twere(1)IwillgotoShanghaiwithmyparentsnextmonth.(2)Hewillbebackintenminutes.(3)Willyoueatanappletomorrow?(4)Iwon’teatanappletomorrow.(3)Iam

goingtobeabasketballplayer.(4)Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.1.表示将要发生动作或存在状态。2.表示计划或者打算要做事或有迹象要发生某事。

结构：主语+will/shall+动词原形

主语+begoingto+动词原形普通未来时惯用标志词有：1.tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow2.nextweek/month/year/day3.in短语:inthreeminutes4.soon,rightaway,atonce

(1)I’mdoingmyhomework.

(2)Listen,sheisplayingthepiano.

(3)Look,theyareplayingping-pong.(4)Iamnoteatinganapplenow.(5)Ishesleepingnow?表示现在正在进行或发生动作结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词（v-ing）现在进行时惯用标志词有：nowlooklisten过去进行时过去进行时使用方法：

表示过去某个时间正在发生动作或存在状态。1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.2.Shewassleepingat9o’clockyesterday.结构:主语+was/were+现在分词(v-ing)过去进行时惯用标志词1.atthistimeyesterdayatthat/thistimeat9o’clocklastnight

from7:00to9:00yesterday

1.YouhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.2.IhavelivedinWuzhoufor13years.3.Ihaveeatenanapplesinceheleft.4.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?5.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.6.Hehaseatenbreakfastalready.现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在动作或状态2.表示发生在过去某一动作对现在造成影响或结果结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词现在完成时惯用标志词(1)for+时间段fortwoyears(2)since+时间点sincetwoyearsago;(3)alreadyyet;evernever(4)overtheyears,inthelast/pastfewyears,sincethen,sofar(5)Since引导时间状语从句......Sincehecamehere.

概念：表示过去过去

----|--------------|---------|---->过去之前过去现在未来

I__________(graduate)fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly.I_____________(stay)therefor3yearswhenIgraduated.graduatedhadstayed过去完成时过去完成时使用方法：

表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成动作。它表示动作发生时间是“过去过去”。

BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.

WhenIgottoschool,thebellhadrung.结构:主语+had+过去分词

概念：表示过去过去

----|--------------|---------|---->过去之前过去现在未来

过去完成时惯用标志词1．when/before+普通过去时或过去时间

bythetime,bytheendof+普通过去时或过去时间

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_________________(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.hadrunawayhadbegun过去未来时过去未来时意义：

过去未来时表示从过去某个时间将要发生动作或存在状态。过去未来时惯用在宾语从句中。ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.Hesaidtheyweregoingtohaveameeting.结构:(1)would+动词原形

(2)was/weregoingto+动词原形普通过去时普通现在时普通未来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去未来时Sumup时态结构主语+动词过去式主语+动词原形或单三形式will/shall+动词原形am/is/are+现在分词was/were+现在分词have/has+过去分词had+过去分词would+动词原形普通现在时:have/has普通过去时:had普通未来时:willhave/begoingtohave过去未来时:wouldhavehave现在进行时:am/is/arehaving过去进行时:was/werehaving现在完成时:have/hashad过去完成时:had+hadReadingJenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look!She_____(draw)picturesintheliving-room.Twoyearsago,herparents____(move)toChina.Jenny___________(nothave)anyfriends,soshe____(use)tofeellonely.Butnowshe____(have)manyChinesefriendsand______(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_______(visit)hergrandparentsinAmericanextmonth.iscomes

isdrawingmoveddidn’thaveusedhasstudieswillvisit高考链接（1）Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.（广西高考）（2）Confucius（孔子）believedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_____(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.（年广西高考）goeswereSarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school________(come)first.（广西高考）comesWhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal_________(mean)menorealharm.(广西高考）meant（1）Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.（广西高考）（2）However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.IshowedthemIwasindependent...（年广西高考）_____began_____told_____toldIhadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.（广西高考）_____haveAboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.（广西高考）______becameItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.“（广西高考）_____begun_____includes动词语态语态是英语动词一个形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是谓语动词动作执行者。被动语态：表示主语是谓语动词动作承受者。Ihitmysonsyesterday.Mysonswerehitbymeyesterday.（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.

主语(执行者)谓语宾语(承受者)→

I(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主语(承受者)谓语宾语(执行者)wasinvitedExercise:Laborcreatedman.Manbylabor.2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesbytheminthatfactory.wascreatedaremade被动语态谓语结构形式:

be+doneask–cook–make–give---beaskedbecookedbemadebegiven英语中有一个动词是由两个或两个以上单词组成，统称为“短语动词”。有些短语动词在意义上相当于一个及物动词，从而也有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。bringup教育;抚养

_________________calloff取消

____________________

giveup放弃

___________________leaveout省略

__________________lookinto调查

___________________makeup编造

____________________putoff推迟

_____________________turndown拒绝

____________________bebroughtupbecalledoffbegivenupbeleftoutbelookedintobemadeupbeputoffbeturneddown各种时态的被动语态Thissong____________(sing)byusonMondays.issung结构:am/isaredonesingsangsung唱Thefamouspoem____________(write)byXuZhimo.waswritten结构:was/weredonewritewrotewritten写sendtorightnowThey___________(send)tohospitalrightnow.willbesent结构:willbedonesend–sent–sent送alecturegivesoonAlecture___________(give)soon.willbegiven结构:willbedonegive–gave–given给Theyaregoingtoholdaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningparty__________________tomorrow.begoingto+be+过去分词isgoingtobeheldHesaidtheworkerswouldbuildanewschoolintwoweeks.Hesaidanewschool

wouldbebuiltintwoweeks.过去未来时被动组成：

would+be+过去分词dig掘（土）earth土Theearth

__________(dig)now.isbeingdug结构:am/is/arebeingdonedig–dug–dug掘（土）Aparty__________(hold)now.isbeingheld结构:am/is/arebeingdonehold–held–held举行MissHutoldmethatthecat________________(wash)whenIcalledher.wasbeingwashed结构:was/werebeingdoneMostoftheapple_____________(eat)upbythemouse.hasbeeneaten结构:has/havebeendoneeat–ate–eaten吃Manytrees_______________(cut)downbyGuangtouqiangrecently.havebeencut结构:have/hasbeendonecut–cut–cutIfoundthattheshop__________(break)into.(破门而入)hadbeenbroken结构:hadbeendoneTheBird’sNest______________(build)beforethe29thOlympics.theworkers_____________(build)theBird’sNest.Beforethe29thOlympicGames,hadbuilthadbeenbuilt1.ThissongissungbyusonMondays.2.ThefamouspoemwaswrittenbyXu.3.Theywillbesenttohospitalrightnow.4.Apartyisbeingheldnow.5.MissHutoldmethatthecatwasbeingwashedwhenIcalledher.6.ManytreeshavebeencutdownbyGuangtouqiangrecently.7.Ifoundthattheshophadbeenbrokeninto.8.Hesaidanewschoolwouldbebuiltintwoweeks.总结：被动语态在各种时态中组成普通现在时：普通过去时：普通未来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去未来时：am/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewouldbedoneThebabymust______________(take)goodcareof.betaken结构:mustbedonetake-took-takenHecansingbeautifulsongs.Beautifulsongscan____________(sing)byhim.besungcanbedone1.Thebabymust______________(take)goodcareof.2.Beautifulsongscan____________(sing)byhim.带有情态动词被动语态betakenbesung情态动词+be+doneSometimeschopsticks（筷子）arequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42.__________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.（广西高考）bemade练习：用括号单词正确形式填空1.Thebridge_________(build)lastyear.2.TheOlympicGames_____________(hold)everyfouryears.3.TheOlympics_____________(hold)inLondon.4.Theproblem________________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.5.Hisnewbook________________(publish)nextmonth.6.Alotofnewhighways____________(build)inthepast5years.

wasbuiltareheldwereheldisbeingdiscussedwillbepublishedhavebeenbuilt时态语态与高考1.在语法填空中，动词时态是必考内容。其中最有可能考是普通过去时或者是第三人称单数普通现在时态，以及现在完成时、现在进行时和普通未来时。如：Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood____(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（卷1）I_____________(change)muchsinceIenteredseniorhighschool.ishavechanged被动语态是可能要考内容，尤其是普通现在时或普通过去时被动语态。如:Whenfatandsalt___________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.（卷1）areremoved2.短文改错最可能考查上下文时态不一致，也有可能考被动语态遗漏be或过去分词拼写错误。如：

1.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.——found2.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.——wereItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.“（广西高考）_____begun_____includes注意：在语法填空中，如括号所给词是动词，可能是考时态语态，可能是考非谓语动词，也可能是考词类转换，要依据句子成份去判断。判断方法第一步，确定句子是否缺乏谓语假如括号中给出提醒词是动词，首先要分析句子成份。假如句子缺乏谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用适当时态和语态。第二步，确定时态

要依据详细语境、时间状语或另一动词时态来判断用哪种时态。第三步，确定语态语态要依据主语和谓语动词逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。第四步，确定主谓一致

要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。高考链接1.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_______(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.（全国卷1）2.DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since,thecountry___________(grow)morecornthanrice.（全国卷2）ishasgrownTheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween-whenthegovernment___________(start)asoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.（全国卷2）startedSteamengines__________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.（卷2）wereusedLater,engineers_________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）,whichbecameknowntothetube.（卷2）managedSarah____________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school__________(come)first.（卷3）wastoldcomesChengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop___________(attract).（卷1）attractionChengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop___________(attract).（卷1）attractionSoitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I___________(allow）togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.（卷1）wasallowedThen,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof_____________(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____(be)oftenacceptable.（卷2）achievementisItcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,______(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.（卷2）makeItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’t