《新视野》第四册第六单元

《新视野》第四册第六单元Unit6SectionABriberyandBusinessEthicsPre-readingBackgroundinformationChryslerCorporationusedtobeoneofthethreelargestAmericanautomobilemanufacturerswhosebrandsincludebothpassengerandcommercialvehiclessuchasChrysler,JeepAEandDodge.U.S.SecuritiesandExchangesCommission(SEC)isaU.S.governmentagency,whosemissionistoprotectinvestorsandmaintaintheintegrityofthesecuritiesmarkets.TheSECrequirespubliccompaniestodisclosemeaningfulfinancialandotherinformationtothepublic,whichprovidesacommonpoolofknowledgeforallinvestorstousetojudgeforthemselvesifacompany'ssecuritiesareagoodinvestment.TheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)wasfoundedin1919,whoseaimistoserveworldbusinessbypromotingtradeandinvestment,openmarketsforgoodsandservices,andthefreeflowofcapital.Individualcompanies,corporations,professionalassociationsaswellasindividualscanalsojointheICCasindividualmembers.Topic-relatedlisteningTopic-relateddiscussionWhile-readingGlobalreadingUnderstandthemajordetailsofthetextWhydostudentssometimesfeelsurprisedwhentheyfindbusinessethicsareincludedinthecontentoftheirbusinesscourse?(Becausetheydon'tknowhowserioustheproblemofbriberyis.)Whyarepracticessuchaspayingagentsandpurchasersanexaggeratedcommission,andofferingadditionaldiscountsdescribedas“questionable''?(Becausethesepracticesarelikelytobemorallywrongandmaybecertainformsofbribery.)ForwhatpurposedidthecompanyofferalargesumofmoneyinsupportofaU.S.presidentialcandidate?(TheywantedtoavoidanunfavorableconclusiondrawfromtheinvestigationoftheirpossibleviolationofU.S.businesslaws.)Whatdoes“acopywithapreface“mentionedinParagraph7referto?(Itreferstoarareeditionofabookwith$20,000slippedwithinitspages.)HastheICCfinallytakenactiontoprohibitbribery?Whyorwhynot?(No.BecauseitsmembershavedifferentopinionsaboutthedutiesoftheICC.)Canyougivesomeexamplesmentionedinthetexttoshowthat“industryiscaughtinawebofbribery?(Yes.Morethan300U.S.companies,forexample,admittedthattheyhadmadequestionablepayments.)UnderstandorganizationofthetextMainideaofthetextBriberyhasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinmanycountries,andtheeffortsaremadetobanit,butthemembersoftheICChavedifferentopinionsaboutit.Textstructureanalysise(Para.1-4)Bribery—acommonoccurrenceinmanycountriesBriberyinvariousformsisandhasbecomeafactofcommerciallife.(ontheincrease)o(Para.5-8)ThreebroadcategoriesofbribesorotherquestionablepaymentsSubstantialpaymentsmadeforpoliticalpurposesortosecure.(majorcontracts)Paymentsmadetoobtainquicker,tospeedupthewheelsofgovernment,(officialapprovalofsomeprojects)Paymentsmadetopeople.(whohelpwiththepassageofabusinessdeal)PartThree(Para.9-11)TheeffortstoprohibitbriberyTheICChassetupacounciltomanageacodeofconductthatwouldban,Itisdifficulttoimposethelawasopinionsdiffer.Briberyseemsinevitable,(thegivingandseekingofbribes,concerninghowtoenforcethecode)2.2DetailedreadingWordsandphrasessubstantial(L.6)他在英文写作方面颇有进步。(HemadeasubstantialprogressinwritingEnglish.)(a.largeinamountorvalue)Thereare(很大差异)betweenthetwogroups.(substantialdifferences)这个公司的发言人表示他们预计今年下半年将有重大改进。(Thespokesmanofthiscompanysaidtheyexpectedsubstantialimprovementinthesecondhalfoftheyear.)(a.important)温故知新:Underahastilymadearrangement,thepolicewillselltheproperties,butatasubstantialfinancialloss.(Unit1-A,BookThree)payup(L.8)最后他们总算付清了,但那是在收到好几张催款单之后。(Eventually,theypaidup,butonlyafterreceivingseveralreminders.)(payadebtinfull,oftenunwillingly)Butdon'texpect(你的旅行保险会支付赔偿)unlessyou'reinjuredorgetyourluggagedamagedinthestorms.(yourtravelinsurancetopayup)词语辨析:Iwentfromtheneedto afewdebtstowhatcanonlybedescribedasgreed.(payoff)(全部还清借款)Mygoodshavevanishedandtheinsurancecompanywillhaveto .(payup)(把应支付的钱付清)standby(L.8)她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话。(Shestillstandbyeverywordshesaid.)(遵守,履行)Hecontinuestoinsistthatallhewroteinthebookisnothingbutthetruth,andthat.(他会信守诺言)(hewillstandbyhiswords)我非常感激我的家人,他们支持我经历了所有这一切。(Iowesomuchtomyfamilyforstandingbymethroughallthis.)(supportorhelpsb.)看着他无辜受到指控,你怎能袖手旁观。(Howcanyoustandbyandseehimaccusedofsomethinghedidn'tdo?)(袖手旁观)underinvestigation(L.34)目前,那些可能造成这起事故的个人正在接受调查。(Currently,theindividualswhomighthavecausedtheaccidentareunderinvestigation.)(正在调查中)Ihavereasontobelievethat(你有那些受到调查人的有关资料)，andIthereforerequireyoutoanswerquestions.(youhaverelevantinformationaboutthepersonsunderinvestigation)throwout(L.36)你不想要这些书的话,我就把它们扔抻了。(Ifyoudon,twantthesebooksanymoreV11throwthemout.)(getridof)Twomembers(被驱逐出俱乐部)forfailingtopaythemoneytheyowed,(werethrownoutoftheclub)closea/thedeal(L.40)经过两年的艰苦谈判,我们终于成交了。(Aftertwoyearsofhardnegotiations,we*veatlastclosedthedeal.)(makeasuccessfularrangement)Itwouldn'tlongbeforehe(同某家连锁店成交)whohadshownaninterest,(closedadealwithoneofthechainstores)donation(L.42)这个慈善团体的运作资金来自人们的自愿捐款。(Theworkofthecharityisfundedbyvoluntarydonations.)(n.捐献,捐赠,捐款)Charitiesappealedfor(捐献食物和衣服)forvictimsofthehurricane,(donationsoffoodandclothing)常用搭配:向某人捐款(makedonationtosb.)hitupon/on(L.46)她突然为自己的新小说想出了这个绝好的名字。(Shehitupontheperfecttitleforhernewnovel.)(thinkofagoodideasuddenlyorbychance)Afterrunningthroughthenumbersineverypossiblecombination,wefinally.(找到了解决的办法)(hitonasolution)behaveoneself(L.63)那个男孩整天都很守规矩。(Theboybehavedhimselfallday.)(actinawaythatpeoplethinkiscorrectorproper)Heisnow20;it*stimethathestarted.(规矩行事)(behavinghimself)Sentencepatterns原句:Studentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatclassesonbusinessethicshavebeenincludedintheirschedule.(L.l)商科学生有时对课程里包括商业道德课略感吃惊。句型:Sb.isalittle(much/very)surprised(delighted/disappointed/depressed)tofind/know/learnthat-某人对……略感(非常)惊讶/高兴/失望/沮丧。应用:公众对政府加大投资改进交通设施感到高兴。(Thepublicaredelightedtolearnthatthegovernmentinvestsmoremoneyonimprovingthetransportationfacilities.)2)原句:Totakejustoneexample,theChryslerCorporation,thirdlargestoftheU.S.carmanufacturers,revealedthatitmadequestionablepaymentsofmorethan$2.5millionbetween1971and1976.(L.25)美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露,它在!971至1976年间共发生了250万美元的可疑开支。句型:Totake/citejustoneexample,,,,仅举一例 应用:旅游已成为人们的生活方式,仅举一例,汤姆每年都到国外度假。(Travelinghasbecomeawayoflife.Totakejustoneexample,Tomhasholidaysabroadeveryyear.)DifficultsentencesSometimeagoaBritishcarmanufacturerwasaccusedofoperatingafundtopaybribes,andofotherquestionablepracticessuchaspayingagentsandpurchasersanexaggeratedcommission,offeringadditionaldiscountsandmakingpaymentstonumberedbankaccountsinSwitzerland.(L.10)早些时候,一家英国汽车制造商被指控经管ー笔基金行贿,还有其他ー些可疑运作,如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。句子的结构是wasaccusedof…和andof…并列;句中的paying,offering***andmaking…为动名词作状语,说明情况。InacourtcaseinvolvinganarmsdealwithIran,awitnessclaimedthat£1millionhadbeenpaidbyaBritishcompanytoa“negotiatornwhohelpedcloseadealforthesupplyoftanksandothermilitaryequipmenttothatcountry.(L.38)在ー桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的案子中，一位证人声称一家英国公司曾付给某“洽谈人”100万英镑。此人帮忙做成了一笔向伊朗提供坦克和其他军事设施的交易。句子的主要结构是that引导的宾语从句:who引导的定语从句修饰negotiator:句中的involving为现在分词作后置定语,修饰前面的case.Post-reading3.1Usefulexpressions1）在增长中ontheincrease(L.3)2）明确向某人表示,明确告知某人tomakeitcleartosb.that***(L.6)3）付款,还钱payup(L.8)4）坚持原则tostandbyone'sprinciples(L.8)5）实际上，事实上inpractice(L.9)6）因…指控、谴责某人accusesb.of***(L.10)7）私下里:秘密地inprivate(L.15)8）支持,拥护insupportof(L.34)

9)-正在调查中underinvestigation(L.34)10)抛弃,扔掉,驱除throwout(L.36)H)完成生意,生意成交closeadeal(L.40)12)给……施加压カtoputpressureon...(L.41)13)向某人汇款tomakepaymentstosb.(L.42)14)加快……速度tospeedupthewheelsof…(L.44)15)想出了办法tohitupon/ontheanswer/solution(L.46)16)设计ー套法规todeviseacodeofrules(L.56)⑺达到;等于;实际上是toamountto(L.59)18)陷入,遭到becaughtin(L.66)19)受贿onthetake(L.67)20)符合，相符square,,,with(L.69)SummaryofthetextPeoplefeelthat(1)isincreasingthroughouttheworld.Oneday,businessstudentswill(2)managersofallranksandinallfields.Iftheyshould(3)intheirpositions,(4)andunfaircompetitionwouldresult.Inthatcase,normaleconomicorderwouldbe(5),andpeopleinbusinesscircleswouldhavenocommonlyagreed(6)tofollow,lbpreventthis,businessstudentsarenowrequiredtostudyprofessional(7)aspartoftheircourse.Peopleinthemotorindustryarguethatthemarketisvery(8).Iftheydon'tgivebribestomakethecustomershappy,oneoftheir(9)will.And,asaresult,theyarelikelytolosetheirshareofmarket,whichis(10)toboththesalespeopleandthecompany.SomemembersoftheICCfeelthatitisnotthebusinessoftheICCto(11)thecodeofconduct.Theybelievethatgovernmentshouldmakeand(12)it,andthejoboftheICCisonlytostatewhatisrightandwhatiswronginconductingbusiness.(1.bribery,2.growinto,3.offerortakebribes,4.corruption,5.ruined,6.principles,7.ethics,8.competitive,9.rivals,10.unacceptable,11.enforce,12.impose)Writing图表作文写作练习:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:PeopleChoosetoLiveAlone.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:PeopleChoosetoLiveAloneyear199119962001percentage5%30%1上图所示为1991年、1996年、2001年某市独居人数的百分率,请描述其变化;2请说明发生这些变化的原因Model:PeopleChoosetoLiveAloneNowadaystherearemoreandmorepeoplewhochoosetolivealoneinthecities.Wecanseefromthefigurethatthepercentageofpeoplewholivealonehasincreasedgreatly.In1991,only5percentpeoplelivedalone,thenumberdoubledinfiveyears.Whiletenyearslater,in2001,thepercentagesoared,30percentpeoplelivingbythemselves.Reasonsforthechangeareasfollows:First,astherateofdivorceincreases,somepeoplearefrustratedbyfamilylife,theychoosetolivealoneratherthantogetmarriedagain.Second,somepeoplewholivealonebecausetheylikethiswayoflife.Theywanttohavethehousetothemselveswithoutbeinginterruptedbyothers.Forexample,myfriendTomenjoysthetimewhenheisalone.Hecanstayuplatetoreadandconcentrateonhiswriting.What'smore,therearesomepeoplewholivealoneoutoftheirpersonalities.Theyarecostumedtobealone.Theycan'tlivewithlivingwithothers.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,therewillbemoreandmorepeoplewhochoosetolivebythemselves.AssignmentsParagraphrecitation:ReadingaloudExercisesofSectionATopicfordiscussion:CausesforthebriberyontheincreasePreviewSectionBSectionBTheBiggesttotheRoleofPoliceOfficersReadingskills:ReadingbetweenthelinesReadingbetweenthelinesmeansdrawingormakinginferencesabouttheauthor'sideasfromwhatiswrittenandfromwhatisnotwritten.Indrawinginferencesweusetheexactinformationorhintsinourreadingtoreachinformationlogicallyandtodevelopourunderstandingofthereadingpassage.ExamplesStudentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatclassesonbusinessethicshavebeenincludedintheirschedule.Theyoftendonotrealizethatbriberyinvariousformsisontheincreaseinmanycountriesand,insome,hasbeenawayoflifeforcenturies.Question:Whatcanaccountforthestudents'surprisewhenfindingthatclassesonbusinessethicshavebeenincludedintheirschedule?Possibleanswer:Thestudentsareinnocentandinexperiencedandtheydon'texpectbriberytobecommoninbusiness.Inawell-knowBritishnewspaper,awriterarguedrecentlythat“industryiscaughtinawebofbribery"andthateveryoneis"onthetake".Thisisprobablyanexaggeration.However,today'sbusinessman,sellinginoverseasmarkets,willfrequentlymeetsituationswhereitisdifficulttosquarehisbusinessinterestswithhismoralconscience.Question:Whatdoes"businessinterests"imply?Possibleanswer:"Businessinterests"hereimpliesmakingprofits.Textreadingcropup(L.7)在你还没有准备好时,各种问题就会突然出现。(Problemswillcropupandhityoubeforeyouareready.)(appearorhappen,esp.whenitisnotexpected)Hername(出现了灯丿し次)inreportsaboutwhoshouldtakeMr.Ryder'splace,(hascroppedupseveraltimes)uptoscratch(L.20)他的工作就是达不到要求。(Hisworksimplyisn'tuptoscratch.)(达至リ标准,合格)我妈妈总是让我觉得我达不到要求。(MymotheralwaysmademefeelIwasn*tcominguptoscratch.)Ifthey(达不到要求),wecancomplaintotheirprofessionalbodyandseekredress,(don'tcomeuptoscratch)beonthewrongendof(L.23)显而易见,今年我们面临着承担变革的不利后果。(Itisclearthatweareonthewrongendofchangethisyear.)(sufferthebadeffectsofsth.)Companiesthatviolatethislawcanfindthemselves.(面临承担大型法律诉讼的不利后果)(onthewrongendofbiglawsuits)throwup(L.28)政治斗争产生了一位强有力的领导。(Thepoliticalstrugglethrewupastrongleader.)(产生,使……突出)Thesestudies(已经产生J)someinterestingresults,(havealreadythrownup)温故知新:Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingtothrowup,andmaybepoisonousinsomecases.(Unit2-A,BookThree)equivalent(L.33)法语里有没有一个词和英语里的"home”完全对等?(IsthereaFrenchwordthatistheexactequivalentoftheEnglishword"home"?)(n.同等的东西)Breathingsuchpollutedair(相当于)smokingtencigarettesaday.(istheequivalentof)他把持有的英镑换成了等值的美元。(Hechangedhispoundsfortheequivalentamountofdollars.)(a.equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance,etc.)

温故知新:Eventually,theequivalentof700,000trucksayearwillbetransportedthroughtheChunnel.(Unit7-B,BookThree)losecountof(L.54)她不记得告诉过他多少次要小心。(Shehadloslcounlofthenumberoftimesshe'dtoldhimtobecareful.)(数不清)Livingouthereisinclinedto.(使我记不清时间了)(makemelosecountoftime)prosperous(L.62)很难相信,在这个富裕的国家里饥饿会成为ー个严重的问题。(It,shardtobelievethatinthisprosperouscountry,hungercouldbeaseriousproblem.)(a.richandsuccessful)Hewastheyoungestsonofarelatively.(冨有的英国豕庭)(prosperousBritishfamily)温故知新:Forexample,there'sthestoryofaPolishJewwhocametoCanadaandbecameprosperous(he'snowamillionaire!)byproducingPolishpickles.(Unit4-B,BookTwo)IrealizenowthatasachildIsatby,throughtheyears,andliterallywatchedmyfatherkillhimself:surelyonesuchvictoryinmyfamily,fortheprosperousleaderswhoownthetobaccocompanies,isenough.(Unit5-A,BookTwo)Whileit'strueallofusneedacareer,preferablyaprosperousone,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhascollectedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourown.(Unit8-A,BookTwo)RevisionMultipleChoiceDirections:ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thebossalwaysencourageshisemployeestogoalloutforabusiness.A.preliminaryB.prosperousC.primitiveD.A.preliminaryB.prosperousC.primitiveD.punctualThebadlywoundedtakeformedicalattentionoverthoseonlyslightlyhurt.A.privilege B.precision C.priorityD.proteinHehadlittleideaastohowfartheyhadcomeandhadhowmanytimestheyhadfallen.A.lostcountof B.lostaccountof C.lostdesireofD.lostdepositofChangeisawordthatcanbringeitherfearorexcitement.Itishumannaturetotochangebecauseitrequiresustocrossintotheunknown.A.intend B.incline C.subjectD.opposeThisviruscanantivirusandfirewallsoftware,sothatvictimshavetoreinstallthesoftwareinordertopreventfutureinfections.A.disable B.digest C.disguiseD.disposeWereallyshouldmeetsometimesoontodiscussthedetails.Whafstheoffiftypoundsindollars?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.episode B.equivalent C.evolution D.estateOnestrikingsideeffectofironsupplementsisthattheymayproduceafeelingofwantingtoandmaybepoisonousinsomecases.A.throwout B.throwoff C.throwup D.throwawayItseemsthatJameshasatalentforactingbecausehecanhisteacher'sspeechperfectly.A.intimate B.investigate C.internalize D.imitateConsequently,thebrainsofpeoplewhoexercisemaybebetterequippedtomentalchallenges.B.twistC.tortureB.twistC.tortureD.tackleDoyoumeantherewillbelesswhencivilservants*salariesincrease,say,severaltimes?A.battery B.burden C.bribery D.barrierSherackedherbrains,staringunseeinglyintotheglowingfireandtryingtoasolutionfortheproblem.A.hitat B.hitoff C.hituponD.hitupDespiteearnestpublicawarenesstoaddresstheneedfororgan ,thereappearstobelittleprospectofincreasingsuppliestomeetcurrentshortagessatisfactorily.A.donation B.defect C.densityD.destructionHeclaimedthatthewayhe'dbeentreatedwasaofhiscivilrights.A.victim B.violence C.variationD.violationI'mafraidhisrightarmwillhavetobetapedtoaboardtoaneedlesothatfluidmaydropin.A.sanction B.secure C.substitute D.sweatFewofhisministersaresaying,even,thattheyexpecthimtolosethenextelection./