基础化学常用英语术语

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业基础化学常用英语词汇英文全称缩写中文AbstractsAbstr.文摘Abbreviation缩语和略语Acta学报Advances进展AnnalsAnna.纪事AnnualAnnu.年鉴，年度Semi-Annual半年度AnnualReview年评AppendixAppx附录Archives文献集AssociationAssn协会Author作者Bibliography书目，题录BiologicalAbstractBA生物学文摘Bulletin通报，公告ChemicalAbstractCA化学文摘CitationCit引文，题录Classification分类，分类表CollegeColl.学会，学院CompactDisc-ReadOnlyMemoryCD-ROM只读光盘CompanyCo.公司Content目次Co-term配合词，共同词Cross-references相互参见Digest辑要，文摘Directory名录，指南DissertationsDiss.学位论文EditionEd.版次EditorEd.编者、编辑ExcerptaMedicaEM荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia百科全书TheEngineeringIndexEi工程索引Etal等等EuropeanPatentConvertionEPC欧洲专利协定Federation联合会Gazette报，公报Guide指南Handbook手册Heading标题词IllustrationIllus.插图Index索引CumulativeIndex累积索引IndexMedicusIM医学索引InstituteInst.学会、研究所InternationalPatentClassificationIPC国际专利分类法InternationalStandardBookNumberISBN国际标准书号InternationalStandardSeriesNumberISSN国际标准刊号JournalJ.杂志、刊Issue期（次）Keyword关键词LetterLet.通讯、读者来信List目录、一览表Manual手册MedicalLiteratureAnalysisandMADLARS医学文献分析与检索系统RetrievalSystemMedicalSubjectHeadingsMeSH医学主题词表Note札记Papers论文PatentCooperationTreatyPCT国际专利合作条约PrecisionRatio查准率Press出版社ProcceedingsProc.会报、会议录Progress进展PublicationPubl.出版物RecallRatio查全率Record记录、记事Report报告、报导Review评论、综述SciencesAbstractsSA科学文摘SectionSec.部分、辑、分册Seealso参见SelectiveDisseminationofInformationSDI定题服务Seminars专家讨论会文集SeriesSer.丛书、辑Society学会Source来源、出处Subheadings副主题词Stopterm禁用词Subject主题Summary提要SupplementSuppl.附刊、增刊Survey概览SymposiumSymp.专题学术讨论会Thesaurus叙词表、词库Title篇名、刊名、题目Topics论题、主题Transactions汇报、汇刊VolumeVol.卷WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationWIPO世界知识产权WorldPatentIndexWPI世界专利索引Yearbook年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroundings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（标准熵）30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid-Bases酸碱34.TheDissociationofWater水离解35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和碱38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共轭酸碱对40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸碱的相对强度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸碱42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同离子效应45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量46.FormationofComplexIons配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度积常数49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons离子的沉淀与分离50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化还原反应52.OxidationNumber氧化数53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.GalvaniCell原电池56.VoltaicCell伏特电池57.CellEMF电池电动势58.StandardElectrodePotentials标准电极电势59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化剂和还原剂60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons电子的波动性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHydrogenAtom氢原子的波尔模型64.LineSpectra线光谱65.QuantumNumbers量子数66.ElectronSpin电子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子轨道68.Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals（p，d，f）轨道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多电子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital轨道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations电子构型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumbers同位素，原子数，质量数77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半径79.IonizationEnergy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核电荷82.ElectronAffinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.ValenceBondTheory价键理论86.CovalenceBond共价键87.OrbitalOverlap轨道重叠88.MultipleBonds重键89.HybridOrbital杂化轨道90.TheVSEPRModel价层电子对互斥理论91.MolecularGeometries分子空间构型92.MolecularOrbital分子轨道93.DiatomicMolecules双原子分子94.BondLength键长95.BondOrder键级96.BondAngles键角97.BondEnthalpies键能98.BondPolarity键矩99.DipoleMoments偶极矩100.PolarityMolecules极性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆积105.MetallicSolids金属晶体106.MetallicBond金属键107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids离子晶体109.Ion-DipoleForces离子偶极力110.MolecularForces分子间力111.IntermolecularForces分子间作用力112.HydrogenBonding氢键113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶体114.Compounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructureofComplexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.StructuralIsomerism结构异构120.Stereoisomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComplexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes四面体和平面四边形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss区元素126.AlkaliMetals碱金属127.AlkalineEarthMetals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-BlockElementsp区元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroup(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制备140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth)氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148.Halides,Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有气体150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Blockelementsd区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属153.PotassiumDichromate重铬酸钾154.PotassiumPermanganate高锰酸钾155.IronCopperZincMercury铁，铜，锌，汞156.f-BlockElementsf区元素157.Lanthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化学160.NuclearFission核裂变161.NuclearFusion核聚变162.analyticalchemistry分析化学163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化学分析166.instrumentalanalysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographicanalysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemicalanalysis电化学分析173.on-lineanalysis在线分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形态分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系统误差180.routineanalysis常规分析181.randomerror偶然误差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror过失误差184.normaldistribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relativestandarddeviation相对标准偏差（RSD）189.coefficientvariation变异系数（CV）190.confidencelevel置信水平191.confidenceinterval置信区间192.significanttest显著性检验193.significantfigure有效数字194.standardsolution标准溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometricpoint化学计量点197.endpoint滴定终点198.titrationerror滴定误差199.primarystandard基准物质200.amountofsubstance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemicalreaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemicalequilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.generalequationforachemicalreaction化学反应的通式207.protontheoryofacid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-basetitration酸碱滴定法209.dissociationconstant解离常数210.conjugateacid-basepair共轭酸碱对211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-productconstantofwater水的离子积215.ionization电离216.protoncondition质子平衡217.zerolevel零水准218.buffersolution缓冲溶液219.methylorange甲基橙220.acid-baseindicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordinationcompound配位化合物223.centerion中心离子224.cumulativestabilityconstant累积稳定常数225.alphacoefficient酸效应系数226.overallstabilityconstant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体228.ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229.sidereactioncoefficient副反应系数230.coordinationatom配位原子231.coordinationnumber配位数232.lonepairelectron孤对电子233.chelatecompound螯合物234.metalindicator金属指示剂235.chelatingagent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalyticreaction催化反应244.reactionrate反应速率245.electrodepotential电极电势246.activationenergy反应的活化能247.redoxcouple氧化还原电对248.potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassiumdichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redoxindicator氧化还原指示253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量（OC）254.chemicaloxygendemanded化学需氧量(COD)255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧(DO)256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法258.heterogeneousequilibriumofions多相离子平衡259.aging陈化260.postprecipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemicalfactor化学因数266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibrationcurve校正曲线271.standardcurve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wavelengthdispersion色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector检测系统277.bathochromicshift红移278.Molarabsorptivity摩尔吸光系数279.hypochromicshift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylatingagent乙酰化剂283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethylether乙醚285.ethylalcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontlcompoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecularelimination双分子消除反应289.bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution双分子亲核取代反应290.openchaincompound开链族化合物291.molecularorbitaltheory分子轨道理论292.chiralmolecule手性分子293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reactionmechanism反应历程295.chemicalshift化学位移296.Waldeninversion瓦尔登反转297.Enantiomorph对映体298.additionreaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucasreagent卢卡斯试剂304.covalentbond共价键305.conjugateddiene共轭二烯烃306.conjugateddoublebond共轭双键307.conjugatedsystem共轭体系308.conjugatedeffect共轭效应309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象311.organicchemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybridorbital杂化轨道314.heterocycliccompound杂环化合物315.peroxideeffect过氧化物效应t316.valencebondtheory价键理论317.sequencerule次序规则318.electron-attractinggroup吸电子基319.Huckelrule休克尔规则320.Hinsbergtest兴斯堡试验321.infraredspectrum红外光谱322.Michaelreacton麦克尔反应323.halogenatedhydrocarbon卤代烃324.haloformreaction卤仿反应325.systematicnomenclature系统命名法326.Newmanprojection纽曼投影式327.aromaticcompound芳香族化合物328.aromaticcharacter芳香性r329.Claisencondensationreaction克莱森酯缩合反应330.Claisenrearrangement克莱森重排331.Diels-Alderreation狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332.Clemmensenreduction克莱门森还原333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎罗反应334.positionalisomers位置异构体335.unimoleculareliminationreaction单分子消除反应336.unimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution单分子亲核取代反应337.benzene苯338.functionalgrou官能团p339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomationalisome构象异构体342.electrophilicaddition亲电加成343.electrophilicreagent亲电试剂344.nucleophilicaddition亲核加成345.nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂346.nucleophilicsubstitutionreaction亲核取代反应347.activeintermediate活性中间体348.Saytzeffrule查依采夫规则349.cis-transisomerism顺反异构350.inductiveeffect诱导效应t351.Fehling’sreagent费林试剂352.phasetransfercatalysis相转移催化作用353.aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物354.eliminationreaction消除反应355.Grignardreagent格利雅试剂356.nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振357.alkene烯烃358.allylcation烯丙基正离子359.leavinggroup离去基团360.opticalactivity旋光性361.boatconfomation船型构象362.silvermirrorreaction银镜反应363.Fischerprojection菲舍尔投影式364.Kekulestructure凯库勒结构式365.Friedel-Craftsreaction傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366.Ketone酮367.carboxylicacid羧酸368.carboxylicacidderivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bondlength键长371.bondenergy键能372.bondangle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物常见英汉对照有机基名表

acetamidoCH3CONH─乙酰氨基acetenyl=ethynylCH≡C─乙炔基

acetoacetylCH3COCH2CO─乙酰乙酰基；3—氧丁酰基acetonylCH3COCH2─丙酮基；乙酰甲基acetonylideneCH3COCH=亚丙酮基

acetoxyCH3COO─乙酸基；乙酰氧基acetylCH3CO─乙酰（基）

acetylene①CH≡CH乙炔②=CHCH=双亚乙基acryloylCH2=CHCO─丙烯酰

alkoxyRO─（R=烷基或烃基）烷氧基allylCH2=CHCH2─烯丙基

β−;allyl=isopropenylCH2=C(CH3)─β−;烯丙基；异丙烯基

allylideneCH2=CHCH=亚烯丙基allyloxyCH2=CHCH2O─烯丙氧基

amidoH2N─[严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基，但是英文常与amino混用]氨基

aminoH2N─氨基amyl=pentylCH3(CH2)4─戊基

tert-amyl=1,1−;dimethylpropylCH3CH3C(CH3)2─特戊基

azidoN3─叠氮基azo─N=N─偶氮基

azoxy─N(O)N─氧化偶氮基benzal=benzylidene苯亚甲基

benzamidoC6H5CONH─苯甲酰氨基

benzenesulfinyl（参阅phenyleulfinyl）C6H5SO─苯亚磺酰

benzenesulfonamidoC6H5SO2NH─苯磺酰氨基

benzenesulfonylC6H5SO2─苯磺酰

benzhydryl=diphenylmethylene二苯甲基

benzhydrylidene=diphenylmethylene二苯亚甲基

benzofuryl=benzofuranyl苯并呋喃基；氧茚基

benzoxy=benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基

benzoylC6H5CO─苯甲酰

benzoylene─C6H5CO─（o、m或p）亚苯甲酰基（邻、间或对）

benzoyloxyC6H5COO─苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基

benzylC6H5CH2─苄基；苯甲基

benzylideneC6H5CH=苯亚甲基

benzylidyneC6H5C≡次苄基

benzyloxyC6H5CH2O─苄氧基

benzylthioC6H5CH2S─苄硫基；苯甲硫基

biphenylene─C6H4C6H4─亚联苯基

biphenylenebisazo─N=NC6H4C6H4N=N─联苯重氮亚基

biphenylylcarbonylC6H5C6H4CO─联苯羰基

biphenylyloxyC6H5C6H4O─联苯氧基

bromoBr─溴

butadienylCH2=CHCH=CH─丁间二烯基；1，3─丁二烯基

1─butenylCH3CH2CH=CH─丁烯基；1─丁烯基

2─butenylCH3CH=CHCH2─丁邻烯基；2─丁烯基

3─butenylCH2=CH(CH2)2─丁间烯基；3─丁烯基

2─butenylene─CH2CH=CHCH2─1，4─亚丁─2─烯基

butenylideneCH3CH=CHCH=亚丁─2─烯基

butenylidyneCH3CH=CHC≡次丁─2─烯基

butoxyCH3(CH2)2CH2O─丁氧基

sec-butoxyC2H5CH(CH3)O─仲丁氧基

tert-butoxy(CH3)3CH2O─叔丁氧基

butylCH3(CH2)2CH2─丁基

sec-butylC2H5CH(CH3)─仲丁基

tert-butyl(CH3)3C─叔丁基

butyrylCH3CH2CH2CO─丁酰

caproyl=hexanoyl己酰

capryl=decanoyl癸酰

capryloyl=octanoyl辛酰

carbamyl=carbamoylH2NCO─氨（基）甲酰

carbomethoxy=methoxycarbonyl甲酯基；甲氧羰基

carbonylOC=羰基；碳酰

carboxyHOOC─羧基

chloroCl─氯代；氯基

chloroformylClCO─氯甲酰；氯羰基

cinnamenyl=styryl苯乙烯基

cinnamylC6H5CH=CHCH2─肉桂基

cresoxy=tolyloxy甲苯氧基（邻、间或对）

cresyl=ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl甲苯基（邻、间或对）

crotonyl=crotonoyl巴豆酰基

cyanoN≡C─氰基

cyclobutylC4H7─环丁基

cycloheptylC7H13─环庚基

2,4─cyclohexadienylCH2CH=CHCH=CHCH─2，4-环己二烯基

cyclohexenylC6H9─（3种异构物）环己（邻、间、对）烯基

cyclohexylC6H11─环己基

cyclopentadienylC5H5─环戊二烯基

cyclopentenylC5H7─环戊烯基

cyclopentylC5H9─环戊基

cyclopropylC3H5─环丙基

cystyl─COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO─胱氨基

decanoylCH3(CH2)8CO─癸酰

decylCH3(CH2)8CH2─癸基

diazo─N=N─或N=N=重氮基

diazoamino─N=NNH─重氮亚氨基

diazonium(N≡N)─重氮（化）

dimethylamino(CH3)2N─二甲氨基

diphenylmethyl(C6H5)2CH─二苯甲基

dithio─SS─二硫代

dodecyl─CH3(CH2)10CH2─十二（烷）基

dotriacontylCH3(CH2)30CH2─三十二（烷）基

cicosylCH3(CH2)18CH2─二十烷基

epithio─S─环硫；表硫；桥硫基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上]

epoxy─O─环氧；表氧；桥氧基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上]

ethene=ethylene①乙烯②1，2-亚乙基

ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl乙烯基

ethoxyC2H5O─乙氧基

ethoxycarbonylC2H5OOC─乙酯基；乙氧羰基

ethoxyphenyl(C2H5O)C6H4─乙氧苯基

ethylCH3CH2─乙基

ethylaminoC2H5NH─乙胺基

ethylene─CH2CH2─①乙烯②1，2-乙基

ethylenedioxy─OCH2CH2O─亚乙二氧基

ethylideneCH3CH=亚乙基

ethylidyneCH3C≡次乙基

ethylthioCH3CH2S─乙硫基

ethynylCH≡C─乙炔基

fluotoF─氟代

formamidoOHCNH─甲酰胺基

formylOHC─甲酰

fomryloxyHCOO─甲酸基；甲酰氧基

fumaryl─COCH=CHCO─富马酰；（反式）丁二烯酰

furylOC4H3─呋喃基[两种异构物]

geranylC10H17─牦牛儿基

glucosvlC6H11O5─葡（萄）糖基

glyceryl─CH2CHCH2─甘油基；丙三基

glyoxylyl=glyoxyloyl乙醛酰

hendecyl=undecyl十一（烷）基

heneicosylCH3(CH2)19CH2─二十一（烷）基

hentriacontylCH3(CH2)29CH2─三十一（烷）基

heptacosylCH3(CH2)25CH2─二十七（烷）基

heptadecanoylCH3(CH2)15CO─十七（烷）酰

heptadecylCH3(CH2)15CH2─十七（烷）基

heptanoylCH3(CH2)5CO2─庚酰

heptylCH3(CH2)5CH2─庚基

hexacontylCH3(CH2)58CH2─六十（烷）基

hexacosylCH3(CH2)24CH2─二十六（烷）基

hexadecanoylCH3(CH2)14CO─十六（烷）酰

hexadecylCH3(CH2)14CH2─十六（烷）基

hexamethylene─CH2(CH2)4CH2─六亚甲基；1.6-亚己基

hexanoylCH3(CH2)4CO─己酰

hexylCH3(CH2)4CH2─己基

hexylideneCH3(CH2)5CH=亚己基

histidylN2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO─组氨酰

hydrazinoH2NNH─肼基；联氨基

hydrazo─NHNH─1，2-亚肼基

hydrazonoH2NN=亚肼基；亚联氨基

hydroxamino=hydroxyamino羟氨基

hydroximino=hydroxyimino肟基

hydroxyHO─羟基

hydroxyaminoHONH─羟氨基

hydroxymethylHOCH2─羟甲基

-idene亚[加于任何一个基名之前，表示在联结处为双键]

iodoI─碘代

isoamyl=isopentyl异戊基

isobutenyl=2-methylpropenyl异丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基

isobutoxy(CH3)2CHCH2O─异丁氧基原名作取代基作官能团

烷烃：hydrocarbonalkyl

烯烃：alkenesalkenyl

炔烃：alkynesalkynyl

卤代烃：alkylhalides

氟：fluorinefluoro

氯：chlorinechloro

溴：brominebromo

碘：iodineiodo

酚：pehnolshydroxy-ol

醇：alcoholshydroxy-ol

醚：ethersR-oxy-ether

胺：aminesamino-amine

醛：aldehydesR-oxycarbonyl-al/-carbaldenhyde

酮：ketonesR-oxycarbonyl-one

羟酸：carboxylicacidcarboxy-carboxylicacacid(含碳)

-oicacid(不含碳)

酰卤：actylhalideshalocarbonyl-harboxylhalide(含碳)

-oylhalide(不含碳)

酸酐：acidanhydrogrides

酯：estersR-oxycarbonyl-caronylate(含碳)

-oate(不含碳)

腈：nitrilescyano-carboxamide(含碳)

-mitrile(不含碳)

酰胺：amidescarbamoyl-carboxamide(含碳)

-amide(不含碳)

硝基：nitro烷烯炔

甲：methanemethenemethyne

乙：ethaneetheneethyne

丙：propanepropenepropyne

丁：butanebutenebutyne

戊：pentanepentenepentyne

己：hexanehexenehexyne

庚：heptanehepteneheptyne

辛：octaneocteneoctyne

壬：nonanenonenenonyne

癸：decanedecenedecyne

作取代基时：词尾改为-yl.

连苯：biphenyl

萘：naphthalene

联萘：binaphthalene

蒽：anthrancene

菲：phenanthrene

芘：pyrene

甲苯：toluene

二甲苯：

邻：O-xylene

间：m-xylene

对：p-xylene

苯乙烯：styrene

苯胺：aniline

苯酚：phenol

苯甲醛：benzaldehyde

苯磺酸：benzenesulfonicacid

苯甲酸：benzoicacid呋喃：furan

噻吩：thiophene

吡唑：pyrazole

咪唑：midazole

噁唑：oxazole

吡啶：pyridine

哒嗪：pyrimidine

吡嗪：pyrazine

/r