考研考博-英语-安徽三联学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽三联学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

问题1选项

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；D选项laudable“可赞誉的，值得称赞的”。句意：一个看似可信的陈述很可能是表面上看起来令人信服的，但在仔细检查后，却并非如此。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

2.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。

3.单选题

Mac'sclose（）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.

问题1选项

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，人们常常把他们俩认错。

考查固定搭配。空格处名词应与to构成搭配，根据后面句意可知A项“resemblanceto与…相似”正确。

4.单选题

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

问题2选项

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

问题3选项

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

问题4选项

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

问题5选项

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（费尔德博士的技术不依赖于吸收光或反射光），可知层析相显微镜技术最独特的地方在于C选项“不依赖于吸收或反射光”，所以C选项正确。A选项“通过细胞的光在层析相显微镜中是不变的”：根据第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（为了测量细胞不同部分的折射率……这种技术包括将一束光一分为二。），可知在层析相显微镜技术中，通过细胞的光会变化，故错误。B选项“不需要技巧来杀死细胞”：根据第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（许多这样的把戏杀死了细胞，甚至那些使细胞存活的把戏也只能看到每个细胞的切片），可知不是杀死细胞才能观察，而是在观察的过程中杀死了细胞，故错误。D选项“它可以从三维空间看到细胞的所有组成部分”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以实际的“光速”移动，才能超过任何物体的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C选项“任何物质中的光速都比实际的‘光速’要慢。”正确，B选项“只有当光在真空中传播时，才能精确测量光速。”错误。A选项“在现实世界中，光通过透明材料时跑得最快。”和D选项“当光通过不同的细胞时，光的速度会发生变化”文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果没有样本存在，两个子光束相遇时的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果就是明亮……两束光的相位就越不一致。波峰将落在波谷上，结果将是黑暗。），可知如果两个子光束相遇时相位相同，波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果是明亮，那么如果结果是黑暗，两个子光束相位不一致，两个子光束就是相互削弱，所以D选项“两个子光束相互削弱”正确。A选项“没有光通过样品”的结果是明亮，故错误。B选项“样品的折射率非常大”文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“光通过样品的速度非常慢”：通过很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故错误。因此D选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲尔德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌症期间发生的变化是否会显现出来。他们在细胞的核仁中找到了。这里是制造蛋白质工厂成分的地方。），可知通过细胞核仁可以诊断癌症，所以C选项“检查核仁折光指数的变化”正确。A选项“检测蛋白质工厂成分的折射率变化”：文中指的是制造蛋白质工厂成分的核仁，而不是这些成分，故错误。B选项“发现子宫颈癌细胞某些部位的折光指数变化”和D选项“识别部分癌细胞核仁的折光指数的变化”中不是观察癌细胞的核仁，故错误。因此C选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。本文主要在讲通过层析相显微术观察透明细胞，包括原理和运用，所以B选项“观察透明物的新技术”正确。根据A选项“透明细胞的图像”，C选项“透明细胞的折射率”和D选项“检测癌细胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do（）.

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

问题4选项

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

问题5选项

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。A:高估教学的重要性是错误的。B:教学和研究互相抵触。C:不应该过于强调研究的重要性。D:不应该简化教学和研究之间的关系。第一段讲述二者之间的关系更为复杂和重要，而并没有讨论二者孰轻孰重。因此A跟C项错误。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近报纸和杂志上的报道表明，教学和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在学术提升中的作用过于突出，教学被严重低估)。因此B项不正确。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(这些话都有一定道理，但它们却也忽视了教学与研究二者间更深层、更重要的联系)。由此可知D项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:研究能提高教学质量。B:乐于挑战的学生欣赏研究型的教授。C:很难客观地评定教学质量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有责任心的和吃苦耐劳的。根据题干关键词Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章确实认为，教学和研宂是互相促进的，但并不是在学术提升方面，研究型大学仍然重视研究的原因。因此A项错误。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一个有高度责任感且严厉的教授通常会受到那些想要挑战的优秀学生的赞赏，但是那些成绩不那么令人印象深刻的学生却不喜欢他)，由此可知B项以及D项都不是重视研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多数研究型大学奖励优秀的教学，但最高的荣誉一般都给予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于对教学评定的困难)。由此可知C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。A:研究型大学里著名的教授应该只专注于研究，此选项过于片面。B:将教学与研究分离会降低未来科学家的质量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培养新科学家需要在研究型大学和艺术学院有出色的教学。虽然科学家通常是在小学里“造”出来的，但在大学和研究生院的水平上，糟糕的教学可能会让科学家流失)，因此B项正确。C:为了培养新科学家，提高小学的教学至关重要。此选项过度推断了第三句。D:现代科技的快速发展使得教学和研究不可能结合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital(解决的办法不是把教学和研究分开，而是认识到两者的结合是困难而重要的)。由此可知D项错误。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词Thetitleofprofessor可定位至第四段:Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators’，orsomethingelse(教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人，也许现在是大学为那些愿意成为学者群体中认真一员的人保留这个头衔的时候了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为“杰出的研究人员”，或者别的称呼)。由此可知A项“教学”正确。

第5题:词义题。第五段最后一句指出:Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities(那些说我们可以把教学和研究分开的人根本不了解这个体系，但是那些说这个问题会消失的人并没有履行他们的职责)。由此可知，theproblem是指“将教学与研究分离”。

6.单选题

John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.

问题1选项

A.shallknow

B.shouldn’tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项shouldhaveknown符合题意。A选项shallknow中shall意思为“将要”，不符合题意。B选项shouldn’tknow不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.

Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.

Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.

Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.

Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.

1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?

3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair

（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.

问题1选项

A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn

B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits

C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.

D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA

问题2选项

A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.

B.Thecommonfiberaxis.

C.TheX-rayevidence.

D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA

问题3选项

A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup

B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine

C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines

D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine

问题4选项

A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA

B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder

C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular

D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一个非常长的链条，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有规律的交替组合构成。与第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我们人类的DNA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有规律的，不过成对的含氮碱基的任何排序都可以纳入该结构。可知与B选项对应。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物学研究方面我们人类DNA结构令人感兴趣的第一个特征是它由两个链条而不是一个链条组成。可知与A项对应。

3.判断推理题。从第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”这些碱基成对地联结在一起，一条链上的一个碱基与另一条链上的一个碱基氢键连接。重要的一点是，只有某些对碱基才能适合这个结构。一对中的一个成员必须是嘌呤，另一个是嘧啶，以架起两个链之间的沟通桥梁。可知B项“由嘌呤和嘧啶组成的比一对嘧啶大”正确。

4.推理判断题。A项“证实大多数DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B项“反对这样一种说法，即沿着链的碱基序列可以以任何顺序出现”；C项“支持作者模型的磷酸盐-糖骨架是完全规则的这一说法”；D项“强调一条DNA链是如何在DNA复制过程中作为模板被复制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是这种特征表明脱氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我复制。”可知D项正确。

8.单选题

Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived（）injuries.

问题1选项

A.fatal

B.excessive

C.disastrous

D.exaggerated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在街上，骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒，生命垂危。

考查形容词辨析。fatal致命的，灾难性的，重大的，决定性的。excessive极度的，过分的;disastrous灾难性的，损失惨重的;exaggerate夸大的，言过其实的。就前面句意“骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒”可知A正确。

9.单选题

TheprominentBritishsurgeonJosephListerpioneeredtheuseofcarbolicacidto______surgicalinstruments,suturesandwounddressing,therebypreventinginfectionofwounds.

问题1选项

A.obviate

B.desolate

C.mandate

D.sterilize

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obviate“排除，避免，消除”，B项desolate“使荒凉，使孤寂”，C项mandate“授权，托管”，D项sterilize“消毒，杀菌，使成不毛”。根据therebypreventinginfectionofwounds“从而防止伤口感染”可知，sterilize符合语境。句意：著名的英国外科医生JosephLister率先使用石炭酸消毒手术器械、缝合线和伤口敷料，从而防止伤口感染。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Withtheburgeoningofscientificknowledge,workontheneweditionofatextbookbeginssoonaftercompletionoftheoriginal.

问题1选项

A.emerging

B.culminating

C.limiting

D.developing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：随着科学知识的迅速发展，在原教科书完成后不久，就开始编写新版本的教科书。A选项emerging“走向成熟的，新兴的”；B选项culminating“达到顶点，告终”；C选项limiting“限制的，局限的”；D选项developing“发展中的”。burgeoning意为“迅速发展的，繁荣的”，选项A与之意思最为相近，代入符合语境。

12.单选题

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside./r