考研考博-英语-四川文理学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川文理学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Weofferawidevarietyofservicestofityourrequest,（）webdesign,graphicdesign,webdevelopment,oranythingelse.

问题1选项

A.whethertheybe

B.whetheritbe

C.wouldtheybe

D.woulditbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论….”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词组都是单数形式，所以这里的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。

2.单选题

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(弹夹)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一个社会化新闻网站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美国司法部长，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——诺贝尔和平奖获得者),orJohnLennon(约翰•列侬——披头士乐队成员)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

问题1选项

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

问题2选项

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

问题3选项

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

问题4选项

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一段提到两个例子，第一是主播大卫•格雷戈里在直播中有非法举动，但是检察官决定不起诉他，第二个例子是Reddit创始人艾伦•斯沃茨，他从一个封闭的数据库中下载学术期刊文章，检察官决定起诉他，艾伦•斯沃茨在面临可能50年监禁的情况下自杀了，结合第二段所提到的内容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事实上，只要检察官认定，任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知第一段所举的两个例子是想表明检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选B选项“检察官在起诉人时有很大的自由裁量权”；A选项“炫耀杂志并不像下载成千上万的学术文章那么严肃”和C选项“不同地方的检察官有不同的起诉标准”原文未提及；D选项“艾伦•斯沃茨自杀了，因为他不想待在监狱里”虽然原文提及，但是只是一个例子中的一个方面，并不能概括作者举两个例子的意图。因此B选项正确。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鉴于目前存在的庞大的法律法规网络，如果检察官认定，几乎任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知作者在这里想表明的问题是检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选D选项“检察官对被大量法律放大的犯罪指控个人的自由裁量权”，同时可知A选项“缺乏违反网站条款的法律”错误，原文提到了“存在的庞大的法律法规网络”，A选项和原文相悖；B选项“任何美国人都有被起诉的风险”以及C选项“现在有太多的立法和法规”并不是第二段提出的主要问题，第二段主要想强调检察官的权利。因此D选项正确。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆•吴2007年所述，在纽约南区的美国检察官办公室里，一个流行的游戏是给一个名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者约翰•列侬并决定如何起诉他们：“然后由初级检察官找出一个合理的罪名来起诉他或她。这些罪行通常不是强奸、谋杀或你在电视节目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美国法典中的令人难以置信的广泛而模糊的罪行，就像一个法学雷区）可知这个小游戏是决定如何用不寻常的罪行起诉名人，选D选项“普通犯罪不适合特蕾莎修女或约翰列侬”；A选项“在一些地方用来培训初级检察官”原文未提及；B选项“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C选项“找出约翰列侬可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D选项正确。

66.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是剧烈的和令人不安的）可知作者对于美国该情况是十分担心的，选C选项“担心”；A选项“满意”，B选项“亏本”以及D选项“有关”都不符合原文作者的态度。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering（）toforeigninvestors.

问题1选项

A.incentives

B.abundances

C.warriors

D.outnumbers

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。incentives刺激，鼓励;abundances大量，充足；warriors武士，勇士；outnumbers数量多于，比...多。句意:他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来该地区的经济增长。故A项符合句意。

4.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：这本书自从几年前出版以来已经出了八版。并且还在引起广泛的关注和激烈的争论。由此可知，C项(成为了很受欢迎的书)为正确答案。A:给美国人带来了痛苦。与原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美国引起人们的关注与争议，故与原文不符。D:介绍一个有魅力者的观点。与原文不符。

2.细节题。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反对电视中的广告并不是因为电视广告带来的利润太少。而是他认为对于以利益为导向的价值观的灌输是少数人对于公众的不负责任的行为。

3.推断题。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（电视使人们的脑子里充斥着大量的画面和形象）。故选B项(意识受到电视画面的影响)。

4.推断题。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感觉会变得迟钝，人也变得没精打彩，也就不能感受与体会到整个事件的过程。这样人们就只能被动的一个晚上坐在那达四个小时，看着电视屏幕，听着人工的声音),因此选C项(人会变得很被动)。

5.推断题。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(长期暴露在人造光下会改变人体细胞，这就是为什么它被用于某种医学治疗的原因),不难看出长时间暴露在电视人工的光线也有可能威胁人们的健康。

5.翻译题

“培根-OfStudy(论读书)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】选自培根《论读书》，王佐良先生译

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

6.翻译题

国际间的礼品赠予已经成了文化的危险区域。各种文化中的禁忌都有所不同。要赠送他人得当的礼品就必须了解对方的文化。

在某些文化中，适时赠予符合时尚的合适的礼品，不仅会增进个人之间的关系，也能提高公司和个人的形象。合适的礼品可以表达对他人的尊重，同样也表现出公司和个人的形象，以及实现全球化的技能和实力。在人际关系十分重要的文化中，礼品反映公司的形象和意图。同时，潜在的合作伙伴可以进一步领会你以及你公司的想法和未来可能采取的行动。然而，赠予礼品的主要目的是，向接受者表示敬意，让他们感到愉快。如果把这一点牢记在心，你就不可能赠送他人不合适的礼品。你的礼品就更不可能会侮辱对方。

国际间礼品赠予的基本经验是：你赠送的礼品最好是本国生产的。要特别细心，弄清礼品的生产产地，以避免对接受礼品的人造成任何无礼的后果。

【答案】Internationalgift-givinghasbecomeadangerouszoneofculture,andeachculturehasitsowntaboos.Togivepropergiftstoothers,onemustunderstandthecultureofthereceivers.

Insomecultures,givingtheappropriateandfashionablegifttimely,notonlyadvancespersonalrelationships,butcanenhancetheimageofthecompanyandtheindividual.Therightgiftcanshowrespectforothers,andindicatetheimageofacompanyoranindividual,aswellastheskillsandstrengthtoachieveglobalization.Inaculturewhererelationshipsareimportant,giftsreflectacompany’simageandintentions.Atthesametime,potentialpartnerscangaininsightintowhatyouandyourcompanyarethinkingandwhatyoumightdointhefuture.However,themainpurposeofgift-givingistoshowyourhonortotherecipientsandmakethemfeelhappy.Ifyoukeepthisinmind,itwillbeimpossibleforyoutogiveothersinappropriategifts,letaloneinsultinggifts.

Thebasicexperienceininternationalgift-givingis:yourgifthadbettertobemanufacturedinyourhomecountry.Takespecialcaretomakesurewherethegiftwasmadesoasnottocauseanyrudenesstotherecipient.

7.单选题

"DidHannasayanythingaboutmeinherletter?”

“Onlythatshe'dappreciate（）fromyou?

问题1选项

A.tohear

B.hearing

C.tohearing

D.tohaveheard

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我吗？”

“只说她很感谢收到你的信吗？”

考查固定搭配。appreciatedoingsth.感谢（某人）做某事。

8.单选题

Youarelikelytogetapromotionbecauseoftheprofitable()youmadeforthecompanylastmonth.

问题1选项

A.transition

B.transfusion

C.transfer

D.transaction

【答案】D

【解析】transition过渡，转变；transfusion输血，输液；transfer转移，转让；transaction交易。句意：你有可能得到提升，因为你上个月为公司做了一笔赚钱的交易。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

问题1选项

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

问题2选项

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

问题3选项

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

问题4选项

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】9.词义推测题。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（来自伦敦卫生和热带医学学院的安德鲁•普伦蒂斯教授说，高脂肪的快餐饮食加上以电视和电脑为主的……的生活方式可能意味着孩子会悲剧性地在年轻时死去。）降低体重的方式一是要控制饮食，二就是需要锻炼运动。而现在的人们吃着高脂肪的快餐做着以电视和电脑为主的工作，由此可知这样的生活方式是宅的，缺乏运动的。因此A选项“大部分时间坐着”正确，符合题意。B选项“吃得太多”，C选项“非常努力的学习”，D选项“消极地思考”，均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

10.推理判断题。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（仅仅在英国，就有100多万16岁以下的儿童被归为超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英国16岁以下儿童被归于肥胖的人数大大地增加了。因此C选项“在80年代中期，超过50万16岁以下的英国儿童被归类为超重。”正确，符合题意。A选项“男人的平均腰围是36-38英寸”，B选项“女人的平均腰围是30英寸”并未指出这只是存在于英国的现象，可排除。D选项“肥胖现在已经蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖问题，可排除。故选C。

11.客观细节题。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普伦蒂斯教授说，导致我们体形变化的原因是现代生活中高热量食物随处可见，随手可得，而科技的发展使得人们每天消耗的热量却大大减少。），由此可知，在教授看来引起肥胖的原因与吃高热量的食物和人们每天消耗的热量减少有关。高热量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D选项“高能量的食物很容易得到，我们消耗的能量更少”正确，符合题意。A选项“我们吃得太多，拒绝做体育锻炼”，B选项“高能量食物很容易获得，科学技术发展很快”，C选项“高能量食物是主要的饮食而且我们使用科技”均与题意不符，可排除。故选D。

12.推理判断题。最后一段先提出问题Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子们的寿命，会像最近的美国肥胖的专家声称的那样，比他们的父母还短吗？）并且回答到答案不确定yes-andno（既是又不是），随后说明是的情况whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（当后代变得非常肥胖时）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就让我们向甜甜圈和汉堡包说不。）这里不是回答开始的问题，而是呼吁人们要有健康的生活方式远离肥胖，不是要禁止油腻食物，也不是要人们一起减肥。因此C选项“我们应该倡导健康的生活”正确，符合题意。A选项“回答父母会比孩子长寿吗？这个问题”，B选项“应该禁止甜甜圈和汉堡包”，D选项“我们应该开始节食”均不符合题意，故选C。

10.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage“航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

问题2选项

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

问题3选项

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

问题4选项

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

问题5选项

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看，这一结果表明，学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝，这是主要的科学思想。也就是说，教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz发现，区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中，而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“