考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工程大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨工程大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theheroofthebook,Charles,isaconventionalnineteenth-centurygentleman;theheroineSarah,______byherlover,isa“fallenwoman”,whomCharlestriestohelp.

问题1选项

A.tobediscarded

B.tohavebeenabandoned

C.havingcastaway

D.havingbeendeserted

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tobediscarded被抛弃B.tohavebeenabandoned被遗弃

C.havingcastaway丢掉D.havingbeendeserted被抛弃

【考查点】非谓语动词。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词做定语修饰theheroineSarah（女主人公莎拉），通过介词by可知，此处表示被动，结合选项可知是表示“抛弃”，desert强调“违背允诺、誓言或责任”违，尤其指“背叛、擅离职守”，所以D项符合。

【干扰项排除】

A项discard强调抛弃、丢弃无用的事物或永远放弃某个信念；

B项abandon强调完全、永远地遗弃，尤其指遗弃以前负有责任的人或物；

C项为主动语态，且castaway（丢掉）不符合句意。

【句意】书中的主人公查尔斯是一位传统的19世纪绅士；被爱人抛弃的女主人公莎拉是一个“堕落的女人”，查尔斯试图帮助她。

2.单选题

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

问题1选项

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

问题2选项

A.puttingtheirideasinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

问题3选项

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials

问题4选项

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

问题5选项

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想让写作成为思考的工具，你必须先学会创作，然后再修改。所以作者说二者不能并行的意思是不能同时使用，选项D正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飞快的写作过程中修改可能是我们大多数人遇到的最大障碍。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”当文字开始流畅起来时，想法也会从阴影中浮现出来，并呈现于记事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步写作的主要目的是将想法记录下来，选项C符合原文。

4.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能，你会认为这比你实际拥有的时间要长，而且随着最后期限的临近，你最终会茫然地盯着这一页。由此可推断，对自由写作的担忧是写作的人对自由写作的担忧是之后的编辑时间太长，选项B符合原文。

5.推理判断题。根据第五段的内容，不要盯着空白的屏幕，用文字来填满它，无论这些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的时间的一半，停下来，把你之前的写作重写成更接近成品的东西。反复修改，直到时间耗尽，最终的结果很可能比之前的练习要好得多。由此可知，批判性思维能够帮助写作更加完善。选项A正确。

3.单选题

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Para.2,Line6)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Para.3,Line4)issynonymouswith（）.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

问题1选项

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

问题2选项

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

问题3选项

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

问题4选项

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

问题5选项

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。文章第一段说到了原因“Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear…”，不仅汽车产量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，这就是原因。B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆车”由“morethanaquarterhavetwoeach”得出。

第2题:2.细节事实题。本题要求找出“一千万美国人发现自己的健康状况很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句说到“Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor”，长期失业应被视为主要因素，C选项正确。

第3题:3.词义推测题。第二段是在说造成一千万美国人健康状况糟糕的原因，且说到失业是主要因素，关键词所处句子只是个例子，为了说明上一句中“十分之九的失业是由工业和农业领域的自动化造成的”，说明thedisplaced就是指由自动化导致失业的人。A选项正确。

第4题:4.词义推测题。该词出现在第三段第三句中“AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram”，本句表示“根据《社会保障法》，贫困线以下的家庭……从特别福利计划中获得福利”，既然是《社会保障法》中的条款，则保障的对象应为贫困线以下的家庭，及这些家庭是“有资格的”，D选项worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合适。

第5题:5.推理判断题。本题问的是美国人比大多数其他国家人生活更好的原因，这一结论出现在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句给出了原因“socialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline”，社会福利项目在一定程度上解决了贫困人口的衣食住行问题，D选项“社会福利项目在一定程度上解决了贫困人口的问题”符合文意。

4.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查固定词组的含义,四个选项中,snatchup夺取,抢夺;catchon理解,多用于口语中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警觉,小心。句意：约翰说他不是很理解,让我再重复一遍说过的话。因此,本题选B。

5.单选题

JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret,andflewalldayina“Dragonfly”'aircraft;anditwasaveryinstructivedayforher.ThemachinedidnotgodirectlytoCloncurry,butflewtoandforacrossthewastesofCentralAustralia,depositingsmallbagsofmailatcattlestationsandpickingupcattle-menandtravelerstodropthemoffafterahundredorahundredandfiftymiles.Theylandedeightortentimesinthecourseoftheday,atplaceslikeAmmarooandHatchesCreekandmanyotherstations;ateachplacetheywouldgetoutoftheplaneanddrinkacupofteaandhaveatalkwiththestationmanagerorowner,andgetbackintotheplaneandgoontheirway.BytheendofthedayJeanPagetknewexactlywhatacattlestationlookedlike,andshewasbeginningtohaveaverygoodideaofwhatwentonthere.

TheygottoCloncurryintheevening,afairlyextensivetownonarailwaythatraneastwardtotheseaatTownsville.HereshewasinQueensland,andsheheardforthefirsttimetheslowdeliberatespeechoftheQueenslandthatremindedheratonceofherfriendJoeHarman.ShewasdrivenintotowninaveryoldopencaranddepositedatthePostOfficeHotel;shegotabedroombutteawasover,andshehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal.Cloncurry,shefound,hadnoneofthecleanattractivenessofAliceSprings;itwasatownwhichsmeltofcattle,withwidestreetsthroughwhichtodrivethemdowntothestockyard,manyhotels,andafewshops.Allthehouseswereofwoodwithred-paintedironroofs;thehotelshadtwofloors,butveryfewoftheotherhouseshadmorethanone.

Shehadtospendadayhere,becausetheairservicetoNormantonandWillstownranweeklyonaWednesday.Shewentoutafterbreakfastwhiletheairwasstillcoolandwalkedinonedirectionupthehugemainstreetforhalfamiletillshecametotheendofthetown,thencamebackandwalkeddownitaquarterofamiletillshecametotheotherend.Thenshewentandhadalookattherailwaystation,and,havingseentheairfield,withthatshehadseenalltherewastoseeinCloncurry.Shelookedinatashopthatsoldtoysandnewspapers,buttheyweresoldoutofallreadingmatterexceptafewbooksaboutdress-making;asthedaywasstartingtowarmupshewentbacktothehotel.ShemanagedtoborrowacopyoftheAustralianWomen’sWeeklyfromthemanageressofthehotelandtookittoherroom,andtookoffmostofherclothesandlaydownonherbedtosweatitoutduringtheheatoftheday.MostoftheothercitizensofCloncurryseemedtobedoingthesamething.

Shefeltlikemovingagainshortlybeforeteaandhadashower,andwentouttothecaféforanice.Weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”shesatinafoldingchairforalittleoutsideinthecooloftheevening,andwenttobedagainatabouteighto’clock.Shewascalledbeforedaybreak,andwasoutattheairfieldwiththefirstlight.

1.WhenJeanhadtoleaveAliceSprings,she（）.

2.HowdidJeangetsomeideaofAustraliancattlestation?

3.Jean'smaincomplaintaboutCloncurryincomparisonwithAliceSprings,was（）.

4.ForhereveningmealontheseconddayJeanhad（）.

5.JeanleftCloncurry（）.

问题1选项

A.wishedshecouldhavestayedlodger

B.regrettedshehaddecidedtofly

C.wasn'tlookingforwardtoflyingallday

D.wishedithadnotbeenaMondaymorning

问题2选项

A.Shelearntaboutthematfirsthand.

B.Shelearntaboutthemfromfriends.

C.Shevisitedthemweekly.

D.Shestayedononeforaweek.

问题3选项

A.thewidthofthemainstreet

B.thepoorserviceatthehotel

C.thepoor-lookingbuildings

D.thesmellofcows

问题4选项

A.onlyanice-cream

B.alotofcookedfood

C.somecoldbeer

D.acooling,butnon-alcoholicdrink

问题5选项

A.earlyonWednesdaymorning

B.lateonTuesdayevening

C.afterbreakfastonTuesday

D.beforebreakfastonTuesday

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话提到JeanleftAliceSpringsonMondaymorningwithregret（琼在星期一早上带着遗憾离开了爱丽丝泉），所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:从文章全篇可以知道琼是自己亲自去了那个地方，所以是亲身经历，选项A符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段提到琼住进了一个邮局旅馆，但是当她到的时候已经不提供茶点了，她必须去满是灰尘的大街上去找咖啡馆吃晚餐（shehadtogodownthewide,dustymainstreettoacaféforhereveningmeal），所以她主要抱怨的是邮局旅馆的服务，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章最后一段提到weigheddownbytheheavymealofroastbeefandplum-puddingthattheQueenslanderscall“tea”…，可知琼吃了丰盛的一餐。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章提到琼在周一早晨离开了爱丽丝泉，晚上到了克朗克里，又在克朗克里过了一天，周三早上离开。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

问题1选项

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

问题2选项

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

问题3选项

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

问题4选项

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

问题5选项

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希腊词phannakon的字面意思是为了强调希腊医学的原始性质。选项D符合原文。

第2题:根据关键词“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”选项B符合原文。

第3题:试题分析：第五段中说到公元前七世纪的希腊人认为，医生对于疾病必须要从科学框架内的身体病因与超自然因素等方面去考虑，也就是比较全面的方法。所以A选项正确。

第4题:根据第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，选项A符合原文。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，尽管医学取得了巨大的进步，许多最新添加到药柜货架上的现代药物都是偶然发现的。选项D符合原文。

7.填空题

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions.句意：《自然》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。

68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。

69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear,此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。

70.

考查句子结构和语态。根据hasbeenlargely…by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。

8.单选题

Theblackcloudsofgatheringthunderstormlookquite（

）.

问题1选项

A.ominous

B.negligible

C.overcast

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】ominous预兆的，不吉利的；negligible微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast愁闷的，阴暗的；obscure昏暗的，晦涩的，不清楚的。句意：乌云密布的雷暴看起来很不吉利。选项A更符合语境。

9.单选题

Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkcoherently.

问题1选项

A.honestly

B.appropriately

C.intelligibly

D.flexibly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项honestlyadv.真诚地，公正地；B选项appropriatelyadv.适当地，恰当地；C选项intelligiblyadv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D选项flexiblyadv.灵活地，柔软地。句意：他意识到自从自己说话不能保持前后一致开始，他已经失去了自己的听众。因此，C项为正确答案。

10.单选题

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseo