考研考博-英语-广东亚视演艺职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东亚视演艺职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hewasanhourlate,buthe______himselfinhereyesbygivingherahugebunchofflowers.

问题1选项

A.harassed

B.redeemed

C.crucified

D.pestered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项harass“骚扰，（使）困扰（或烦恼）”，B项redeem“赎回，挽回，兑换”，C项crucify“折磨，十字架上钉死，克制”，D项pester“纠缠，烦扰，使烦恼”。根据but可知前后语义是转折的关系，由Hewasanhourlate“他迟到了一个小时”可知，buthe______himselffinhereyes应该表示“挽回自己的形象”符合语境，redeemoneself表示“挽回声誉、形象，自赎”。句意：他迟到了一个小时，但他送了她一大束花，在她眼里挽回了自己的形象。因此，该题选择B项正确。

2.单选题

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?

HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.

1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.

2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.

3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.

4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.

问题1选项

A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesenses

B.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworld

C.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansight

D.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee

问题2选项

A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthing

B.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperception

C.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomething

D.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve

问题3选项

A.colorblindness

B.perceptionoftheworld

C.concernforourperception

D.depthperception

问题4选项

A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’s

B.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofit

C.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’s

D.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。

2.信息推理题。最后一段作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。

4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。

3.单选题

Thoughhewheedledandthreatened,shedidn’t

anydetailsoftheplan.

问题1选项

A.giveoff

B.giveaway

C.giveover

D.giveup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。giveoff“发出（光）等”；giveaway“赠送，丧失；泄露”；giveover“停止；交出”；giveup“放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。

4.单选题

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly[A]couldhaveavertedifthefederalgovernment,specificallytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,[B]hadquicklymarshaled[C]thepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharity[D]thatwasclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveaverted

B.hadquicklymarshaled

C.thepoliticalwill

D.thatwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。A选项前的主语aman-madedisaster“人为的灾难”，与avert“避免”之间应为被动关系，应将couldhaveaverted改为couldhavebeenaverted。

5.单选题

Eachboyandeachgirl____orderedtoleavetheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.was

B.were

C.has

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.wasB.were

C.hasD.have

【答案】A

【考查点】each用法和被动语态。

【解题思路】句子的主语是boyandgirl，因此他们应该是被要求离开教室，因此用被动语态，排除C和D选项；当and连接的两个并列主语前有each修饰时，强调个体，谓语动词用单数，因此排除B选项，选A。

【干扰项排除】根据解题思路B、C、D选项均不符合语法结构。

【句意】每个男生和女生都被要求离开教室。

6.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

问题1选项

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

问题2选项

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

问题3选项

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

问题4选项

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

问题5选项

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】31.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了统计学的诞生，接着介绍了两种统计方法：描述性统计和推断性统计可以解决的问题，说明本文主要讲的是统计学的发展和应用。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。A选项“描述性统计和推断性统计的缺点”，原文只介绍了这两者的由来，没有介绍它们的缺点，所以A错误。B选项“推断性统计的应用”，D选项“如何使用描述性统计”，原文介绍了描述性统计和推断性统计两者的应用，所以B，D错误。

32.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母亲”对其后代统计学的影响表现在计数、测量、描述、制表、归类和人口普查，所有这些导致了现代描述统计学的诞生。），说明计数和描述与描述性统计学相关。因此B选项“描述性统计”正确。A选项“推断性统计”，C选项“未知变量”，D选项“质变”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

33.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一段中提到“母亲”和“父亲”用来说明统计学的诞生和起源，运用拟人的手法使文章更加生动幽默，有助于读者理解。因此D选项“以幽默、易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景”正确。A选项“指出父母可以教孩子统计”，B选项“为了介绍推断性统计”，C选项“说明变量有不同的种类”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

34.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性统计是一种工具，它对极其庞杂的数据进行描述、概括或简化，使之成为可理解的东西。），说明描述性统计可以将庞杂的数据简单化。因此A选项“简化了繁杂的大量数据”正确。B选项“导致了变异性的增加”，C选项“可以解决所有的数值问题”，D选项“把定性变量变为定量变量”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

35.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性统计的目的就是通过了解整个群体中一部分样本的特征，来预测和估计整个群体的特征。），说明考察样本目的是预测和估计整个群体的特征。因此B选项“预测整个群体的特征”正确。A选项“为了比较不同的群体”，C选项“考虑所有的定量变量”，D选项“将数据集合制成表格”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.marineproducts

B.dairyproducts

C.industrialproducts

D.avianproducts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词poultry意为“家禽；家禽肉”；A选项“marineproducts”意为“海产品；水产及制品”；B选项“dairyproducts”意为“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪产品”；C选项“industrialproducts”意为“工业产品”；D选项“avianproducts”意为“禽类产品”。句意：据报道，美国宾夕法尼亚州最近爆发的禽流感促使中国禁止从该州进口家禽。由题干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆发的禽流感）肯定和家禽相关。所以中国禁止进口的应该是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此处最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theadvertisingindustryhasresortedtoself-regulationinaseriousefforttocurtailnotonlybadtastebutalsomisrepresentationanddeceptionincopyandillustrations.

问题1选项

A.avert

B.deny

C.exclude

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:广告业通过加强自律努力清除印刷制品与各类插图中的低俗内容、失实报道与欺骗信息。

avert:避免，防止。deny:否认，拒绝。reduce:减少，降低，缩小。curtail:缩减，缩短。故D项与题意一致。

9.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Hehasaterriblebackache.

B.Hehasabadheadache.

C.Hehasatoothache.

D.Hehasadiarrhea.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Whattimewouldyourdoctorbeintoday?

W:Heishereafter2:30.Doyouneedtoseehimtoday?

M:Yesmybackiskillingme.

Q:What’stheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士说：Yesmybackiskillingme(我的背疼死了)，故选A。

10.单选题

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

问题1选项

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的……而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

问题1选项

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“contributeto”，意为“有助于，促成，捐献”，B选项“getawaywith”，意为“侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱”，C选项“makefor”，意为“有助于，促进，导致”，D选项“tryon”，意为“试用，试穿”，句意：这是你在这里能做的为数不多的工作之一，而且还能避免喝醉。因此，B选项符合句意。

12.单选题

Thereareplanstogiveeveryone（）insurance,allowleavefromworkforanyonewithasickchildorelderlyrelativetolookafter,andenforceaseven-daywaitforanyonewantingtobuyahandgun.

问题1选项

A.affordedhealthy

B.affordablehealth

C.affordedhealth

D.affordablehealthy

【答案】B

【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据空格前的give可知空格中应该填入形容词。afforded是动词afford的过去式和过去分词，所以排除A和C项。affordable“买得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有计划给予每个人买得起的健康保险。healthinsurance“健康保险”，为固定搭配。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas______asitislovely.

问题1选项

A.frigid

B.fragile

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项frigid“寒冷的，严寒的；冷淡的”；B选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；C选项strident“刺耳的；尖锐的；吱吱尖叫的；轧轧作响的”；D选项tedious“沉闷的；冗长乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又_____，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱，又可爱。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose（）.

问题1选项

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】句意：尽管这个模特表面上看起来很漂亮，可（）就不行了。A选项temperament性格，气质；B选项contamination污染；C选项scrutiny细看；仔细观察；D选项symmetry对称。itwillnotbearclosescrutiny意为“细看就不行了”。

15.单选题

（

）1980thatVoyagertransmittedphotographsofSaturntoearth.

问题1选项

A.Whenitwas

B.During

C.Itwasin

D.Thatwasin

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据题目中的that和句子结构，可判断本句为强调句，强调句句型为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who……，句意：正是在1980年，“旅行者”号向地球传送了土星的照片。因此选项C符合题意。

16.填空题

Sheisaprettygirlandloves（）（fashion）clothesandshoes.

【答案】fashionable

【解析】放在名词前，故用形容词形式。

17.单选题

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacheristryingtotargettheactivitiessotheyareappropriate,allowingthestudentstodiscoverforthemselveswaysinwhichtheactivityhelpsachievetheirlanguagetarget.Makingactivitiesappropriateisthekey,meaningthatstudentsshouldbeabletoquicklyrealizethattheycanvaryandextendwhattheyaredoing—thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.

1.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorhasmostprobablytalkedaboutpreviously,accordingtothepassage?

2.Whenteachersarementionedtoactasafacilitator,theyshouldbeacting（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkthatthewriterwillagreeto?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothewriterofthispassage?

5.Whatdoestheword“transparent”(Para.2,line4)mean?

问题1选项

A.Howtolearnfasterthanothers.

B.Howtodealwithpressure.

C.Whattodowithinterestingsubject.

D.Howtorelaxoneselfwhilestudying.

问题2选项

A.easily

B.familiarly

C.fast

D.helpfully

问题3选项

A.Weshouldnotexertpressureuponourselves,ifpossible.

B.Imposedpressureandself-imposedpressureareappropriate.

C.Imposedpressuremaynotbehelpfulinlearningthings.

D.Adultsaswellaschildrenneedcertainpressurefromoutside.

问题4选项

A.Studentsshouldlearnverballybythemselvesinclass.

B.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofollowexamples.

C.Studentsshouldunderstandallthedemonstrations.

D.Studentsshouldtargettheiractivitiesandachievethem.

问题5选项

A.opaque

B.unmistakable

C.vague

D.questionable

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章首段中“Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself‘UnderPressure’inthewaysmentionedabove.”，中文翻译为：学生负责通过上面提及的方式来让自己处在压力下。可知B选项“如何应对压力”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation”，中文翻译为：老师的主要任务是抓住学生的注意力，帮助确保学习活动是有趣的和提供背景信息。可知，D项“有用地”正确。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段中“Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.”中文翻译为：我猜想，被强加的压力在质量上与自我施加的压力不同，且对成年和儿童学习者都合适的是后者。因此C选项“被强加的压力在学习东西上可能是没有帮助的”正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段中“…thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.”中文翻译为：这个例子是一个起点，不是一个指定的模式，而是一个可行的起点，它向他们（即学生）指明了探索的方向。可以得知B选项“学生应该被鼓励去跟随例子”正确。

5.【试题解析】词汇题。A:opaque“不透明的”；B:unmistakable“透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的”；C:vague“模糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；D:questionable“可疑的；有问题的”。对应原文倒数第一段中“open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoals”，中文翻译为：有着清楚的任务目标的开放式活动。因此可以推测出B选项正确。

18.单选题

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.

TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.

Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.

Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.

1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.

4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.promotiondependsonamiability

B.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

问题2选项

A.hallucinationexercise

B.physicalexercise

C.meditationexercise

D.entertainment

问题3选项

A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-hunting

D.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks

问题4选项

A.theycanconducttheirbusiness

B.theycanindulgethemselves

C.theycancultivatetheirmind

D.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

问题5选项

A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.

B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A,B,C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。

2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知选项C与原文相符。

4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。

19.单选题

The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.

问题1选项

A.remark

B.relationship

C.removal

D.innovation

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

（Presumably），ther