考研考博-英语-广西师范大学漓江学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西师范大学漓江学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Nyearguesthattheinterestsoftheinternationalcommunityarenotillusory,thattheyare（）ofournationalinterests,whichcannotbeachievedwithouthelpfromothernations.

问题1选项

A.particle

B.partandparcel

C.particles

D.partsandparcels

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析和固定搭配。particle“颗粒”；partandparcel“必要部分”；particles“颗粒（复数）”；没有partsandparcels用法。句意：Nye认为国际社会的利益并不是幻影，它们是我们国家利益的必要部分，没有没有其他国家的帮助，无法达到目的。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash.Virtuallyallfinancial（

）willbeconductedbycomputer.

问题1选项

A.transactions

B.transmissions

C.transitions

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡，转变，变迁”；D选项transformation“变化，改观，转变”。根据financial（财政的，金融的）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于人们不需要携带大量现金，走在街上会更安全，几乎所有的金融交易都将由计算机进行。

3.翻译题

Technologyisconstantlynarrowingthegapbetweensciencefictionandreality,bringingfundamentalchangesintoourlives.AccordingtoIBMresearchers,infiveyearswewon’tneedpasswords,won’tbebotheredbyjunkmailandwillbeabletocontrolmanyofourmachineswithourminds.TheAmericantechnologycompanyreleasedits6thannualFive-in-Five,alistoffiveinnovationsthefirmexpectstoseewithinfiveyears.Oneofthemwillenableustogeneratesmallamountsofenergytosupplementtheelectricpowerweuseinourhomes.“Youcandomicro-electronicgeneration,”saysBernieMeyerson,vicepresidentofInnovationatIBM.“Forinstance,youcanhavesomebodyinthethirdworldwhohasaccesstoaphoneorasmartphone,butdoesn’thaveaccesstoapowergrid,whichisaverycommonthingandliterallyinashoehassomethingthatrecoversenergyfromwalkingandcanchargethebatterytoenablethatpersontoactuallybecomeconnectedwiththerestoftheworld.”

【答案】答：

日新月异的科技不断缩小科幻小说和科学事实之间的差距，还给我们的生活带来了根本上的改变。根据IBM研究人员的预测，5年内我们就不再需要密码，也不再会被垃圾电邮打搅，我们还能用我们的思维操控许多机器。美国科技公司IBM日前公布了第6次的“未来5年5大科技预测”，这是IBM预测我们将在未来5年看见的5大科技创新。其中一项将使我们能产生小量能源供给家户电力。IBM创新部门的副主管梅尔森说：“你可以进行小容量的发电。例如，第三世界的某个人有一部手机或智慧型手机，但却没有电力供应，这是很常见的事。在他的鞋里面装上靠走路发电的装置，他的手机随时能充电，使这个人真正跟全世界联结了起来。”

4.单选题

Iran’spossibleacquisitionofnuclearweaponsisaseriousmatter,butitdoesnot____militaryaction.

问题1选项

A.compromise

B.ease

C.accommodate

D.justify

【答案】C

【解析】句间逻辑中的转折关系。A选项compromise“妥协，折中”；B选项ease“减轻，缓解”；C选项accommodate“给……提供方便”；D选项justify“证明……是正当的；替……辩护”。句意：虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但这不____军事行动。根据but推断，前后两句意思发生了转折，前半句表达的是问题的严重性，那么后半句表达的是这件严重的事情还算好的一面，C选项accommodate“给……提供方便”符合语境，句意为“虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但它不用于军事行动”。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

5.单选题

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。

6.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假定”。句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Todayinthetechno-societiesthereisanalmostironcladconsensusaboutthefutureoffreedom.Maximumindividualchoiceisregardedasthedemocraticideal.Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture,inwhichpeopleappearasmindlessconsumercreatures,surroundedbystandardizedgoods,educatedinstandardizedschools,fedadietofstandardizedmassculture,andforcedtoadoptstandardizedstylesoflife.

Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.OneofthemostextremeofthereisaFrenchreligiousmystic,JacquesEllul,whosebooksareenjoyingacampusvogue.AccordingtoEllul,manwasfarfreerinthepastwhen“Choicewasarealpossibilityforhim.”Bycontrast,today,thehumanbeingis“nolongerinanysensetheagentofchoice.”And,asfortomorrow,“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice.”Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.Hewilllive,Ellulwarns,inatotalitarianstaterunbyavelvet-glovedGestapo.

ThissamethemethelossofchoicerunsthroughmuchoftheworkofArnoldToynbee.ItisrepeatedbyeveryonefromhippiegurustoSupremeCourtjustices,tabloideditorialistsandexistentialistphilosophers.Putinitssimplestform,thetheoryofVanishingChoicerestsonacrudesyllogism:scienceandtechnologyhavefosteredstandardization.Scienceandtechnologywilladvance,makingthefutureevenmorestandardizedthanthepresent.Ergo,manwillprogressivelylosehisfreedomofchoice.

Ifinsteadofblindlyacceptingthissyllogism,westoptoanalyzeit,however,wemakeanextraordinarydiscovery.Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.

Certainly,itwouldbedifficulttodenythatindustrialismhashadalevelingeffect.Ourabilitytoproducemillionsofnearlyidenticalunitsitthegrowingachievementoftheindustrialage.Thus,whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.

Inthesamebreath,however,theyrevealshockingignoranceaboutthecharacterofsuper-industrialism.Focusedonwhatsocietywas,theyareblindedtowhatitisfastbecoming,forthesocietyofthefuturewilloffernotarestricted,standardizedflowofgoods,butthegreatestvarietyofunstandardizedgoodsandservicesanysocietyhaseverseen.Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.

Theendofstandardizationisalreadyinsight.However,thepacevariesfromindustrytoindustry,andfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepredictionsaboutthefuturemadebymanywriters,intheauthor’sopinion,are（）.

2.TheauthorgivestheworksofJacquesEllulandArnoldToynbeeasexamplestoprovethat（）.

3.Bysaying“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice”(Paragraph2),Ellulimpliesthathe(man)（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardintellectualsinParagraph5and6isoneof（）.

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.pleasing

D.reasonable

问题2选项

A.agenerationoffuturewillbecomehatersandtechnophobes

B.scienceandtechnologywillcertainlyadvance

C.manwillgraduallylosehisfreedomofchoice

D.scienceandtechnologywillmakethefuturemorestandardized

问题3选项

A.willrecordwhatotherpeoplesayandthenfollowthem

B.willimitateotherpeoplewhenhetakesactions

C.candowhateverhewishes

D.candonothingbutfollowothers

问题4选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题5选项

A.Peopleinthefuturewilleventuallylosealloftheirfreedom.

B.Thesocietyofthefuturewillbecomemorestandardized.

C.Standardizationwilltakeapredominantpositioninthesocietyofthefuture.

D.Thesocietyofthefuturewillhaveadialecticaleffectofbothstandardizationandunstandardization.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture…”，可知大多数作家预测，我们将离这一理想越来越远。他们对未来产生了一种黑暗的幻想。可判断出作家对未来的预测是悲观的。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.”，可知正如人们可能预期的那样，这样的预测催生了未来一代的仇恨者和技术恐惧症患者。这是一个总的结论，作者在下文举了JacquesEllul的例子来证明此观点。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.”，可知人们被剥夺了选择的机会，他的行动会变得被动。可判断出人们变得没有主动权，只会跟随别人。选项D符合题意。

4.作者态度题。根据文章第五段，“Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.”，可知因为不仅逻辑本身有缺陷，整个想法忽视了自然事实、超级工业革命的意义和方向。又根据第六段，“whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.”，可知当知识分子哀叹我们的物质生活千篇一律时，他们所反应的是那些工业落后的国家。可判断出作者对知识分子持强烈反对的态度。选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.”，可知我们不是正在走向物质标准化，而是走向对物质标准化的辩证否定。可判断出未来的社会将会有标准化和非标准化的辩证影响。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

PresidentClinton’sdecisiononApr.8tosendChinesePremierZhuRongjipackingwithoutanagreementonChina’sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationseemedtobeamassivemiscalculation.ThePresidenttookadrubbingfrommuchofthepress,whichhadbreathlesslyreportedthatadealwasinthebag.TheCabinetandWhiteHousestillappeareddivided,andbusinessleaderswerecharacterizedasfuriousoverthelostopportunity.ZhuchargedthatClintonlacked‘thecourage”toreachanaccord.AndwhenClintonlatertelephonedtheangryZhutopledgearenewedeffortatnegotiations,thegesturewaswidelyportrayedasaflip-flop.

Infact,ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal.Alotmorehorsetradingisneededbeforeafinalagreementcanbereached.AndwithouttheAdministration’sgoalofa“bullet-proofagreement”thatbusinesslobbyistscanenthusiasticallyselltoaRepublicanCongress,thewholeprocesswillendupinpartisanacrimonythatcouldharmrelationswithChinaforyears.

THEHARDPART.Manybusinesslobbyists,whiledisappointedthatthedealwasnotclosed,agreethatbettertermscanstillbehad.AndTreasury,SecretaryRobertE.Rubin,NationalEconomicCouncilDirectorGeneB.Spelling,CommerceSecretaryWilliamM.Daley,andtoptradenegotiatorCharleneBarshefskyalladvisedClintonthatwhiletheChinesehadmadearemarkablenumberofconcessions,“we’renotthereyet，’’accordingtoseniorofficials.

NegotiatingwithZhuovertheremainingissuesmaybetheeasypart.AlthoughClintoncansignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentryintotheWTOhimself,heneedsCongresstograntBeijingpermanentmost-favored-nationstatusaspartofabroadtradeaccord.AndthetemptationformeddlingonCapitalHillmayproveover-whelming.ZhuhadbarelylandedbeforeSenateMajorityLeaderTrentLott(R-Miss)declaredhimselfskepticalthatChinadeservedentryintotheWTO.AndSenatorJesseA.Helms(R-NC)andErnestF.Hollings(D-S.C)promisedtointroduceabillrequiringcongressionalapprovalofanydeal.

Thehiddenmessagefromthesethreetextile-stateSoutherners:GetmoreprotectionfortheUS.clothingindustry.Hopingtosmooththeway,theAdministrationtried,butfailed,tobudgeZhuontextiles.Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,andDetroit.ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing.

BIGJOB.Already,businesslobbyistsareblanketingCapitolHilltopresaleanyeventualagreement,butwhatthey'veheardsofarisn'tencouragingRepublicans,includingLott,saythat"thetimejustisn’tright”forthedeal.Translation:We'redeterminedtomakeitlookasifClintonhascapitulatedtotheChineseandisignoringhuman,religious,andlaborrightsviolations;thetheftofnuclear-weaponstechnology;andthesaleofmissilepartstoAmerica'senemies.Beijing'sfiercecriticswithintheDemocraticParty,suchasSenatorPaulD.WellstoneofMinnesotaandHouseMinorityleaderRichardA.GephardtofMissouri,won'thelp,either.

JusthowtoughthelobbyingjobonCapitolHillwillbebecomeclearonApr.20,whenRubinlectured19chiefexecutivesontheneedtodisciplinetheirRepublicanallies.WithbusinessandtheWhiteHousestilltradingchargesoverwhoisresponsibleforthedefeatoffast-tracktradenegotiatinglegislationin1997,workingtogetherwon'tbeeasy.AndRepublicans-withawink-saythatthey'lleventuallyembraceChina'sentryintotheWTOasafavortoCorporateAmenity.ThoughnotlongbeforetheytortureClinton.ButZhuisoutonalimb,andifCongressoverdoesthecriticism,hemaybeforcedbydomesticcriticstorenege.BusinessmustmakethismuchdeartobothitsGOPalliesandtheWhiteHouse:Thishistoricdealistooimportanttorisklosingtoanymorepartisansquabbling.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whatdoesthesentence"Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,Detroit"convey?

4.WhoplaystheleadingpartinthedealinAmerica?

5.WhatwastheattitudeoftheRepublicanPartytowardChina'sentryintotheWTO?

A.ContradictoryB.AppreciativeC.Disapproving.D.Detestful.

问题1选项

A.TheContradictionbetweentheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanParty

B.OnChina’sentryintoWTO

C.Clintonwasright

D.BusinessLobbyistsControlCapitolHill

问题2选项

A.Americawillmakeconcessions

B.AmericawillholdoutforabetterWTO

C.ClintonhastherighttosignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentry

D.DemocraticpartyapproveChina’sentryintotheWTO

问题3选项

A.PremierZhurejectedtheirrequirements.

B.Thethreeplacesoverdidcriticism.

C.Theywantedmoreprotection.

D.Theyareintrouble.

问题4选项

A.WhiteHouse

B.Republicans

C.TheDemocraticParty

D.Businessmen.

问题5选项

A.Contradictory

B.Appreciative

C.Disapproving.

D.Detestful.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的主旨句为:ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal(克林顿故意拖延以谋取更多的利益的决定是正确的)。

2.推断题。题干问的是从文章中推断出什么。选项C:克林顿有签署批准中国入世之权。D：民主党赞成中国加入世贸，这两项都是事实,因此排除。选项B:美国会故意拖延以求取得更好的条件。根据文章推断这可能性小。推断选项A(美国将会作出让步)正确。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第五段，题干句子后一句:ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing(朱镕基拒绝开放利润丰厚的中国证券市场，坚持对美国电影和音乐实行“文化”限制。他还阻止了美国汽车制造商提供车队融资)。因此A项(朱总理拒绝了他们的要求)正确。

4.细节题。通过文章内容推断商界在美国的交易中起主导作用。

5.态度方向。共和党一开始是反对的。第六段说时间不对。最后一段共和党一下子有所改变，他们最终将会接受中国加入世贸组织以表示对整体美国的好感。不管是商人院外活动集团的作用，还是明确指出重开谈判的重要性。这一历史事件太重要绝不能因党争而失去机会。共和党纵然心中不愿，也不得不接受现实。心情是矛盾的。由此得出选择A:矛盾。

9.单选题

Hundredsofpeople（

）ontheplaygroundforwatchingtheDragonLanternshow.

问题1选项

A.contrived

B.conformed

C.conferred

D.converged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contrive“发明，设计”；conform“符合，遵照”；confer“授予，给予”；converge“聚集”。句意：数百人聚集在广场上看龙灯表演。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度,

老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Badtravelingconditionshadseriously（）theirprogresstotheirdestinationinthat

region.

问题1选项

A.tugged

B.demolished

C.hampered

D.destroyed

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:恶劣的旅行条件严重（）了他们到达该地区目的地的进程。tug用力拖，拖拉；demolish毁坏，破坏；hamper妨碍，牵制；destroy毁灭，消灭。C符合句意。

12.单选题

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandtheconsumer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtoconsumers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?

3.InParagraph1,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”means.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.

问题1选项

A.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

B.theconsumer-centeredapproach

C.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

D.thequickmovementofgoods

问题2选项

A.Theneedsofthemarket

B.Thepreferencesofthedealer

C.Theefficiencyoftheproduction

D.Thesatisfactionoftheuser

问题3选项

A.toredesignthesegoodforlarge-scaleproduction

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

D.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

问题4选项

A.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer

B.Consumers'tastesareoftendifficulttoplease

C.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic

D.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople

问题5选项

A.itssocialimpact

B.itspossibleconsequence

C.itstheoreticalbasis

D.itsmaincharacteristic

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句话提到着眼于消费者的方法被称为营销概念（Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept），因此选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第一段第二句话提到就在几年前，大多数行业主要集中在产品的高效生产上（Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods），因此选项C符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据persuasivesalesmanship(富有说服力的推销术)可知moveasmuchofthosegoodsaspossible意味着是尽可能多地将物品推销出去，因此选项C符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到可口可乐改变饮料的口味，但是最后不得不又恢复原来的口味这个例子（Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink）说明迎合消费者需求的重要性，因此选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章主要讲述了营销概念的特征——以消费者需求为导向（eye-on-the-consumerapproach），因此选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof（）andfairnessasareliablefriend.

问题1选项

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】robustness健壮性,坚固性;temperament气质,性格,性情;integrity正直;compactness紧密,坚实。句意：他们一直把正直而公平的人视作可靠的朋友。

14.单选题

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans（）.

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat（）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis（）.

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto（）.

问题1选项

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

问题2选项

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

问题3选项

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

问题4选项

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

问题5选项

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

问题6选项

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

问题7选项

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性质，fundamental意为“基础的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以选项C正确。

2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，讲述化学物质氦的构成及其性质，所以选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距离遥远，我们永远无法知道它们的化学成分。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化学的核心原则是所有的物质都是由原子构成的。选项D符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据原文可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项A正确。

6.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段是用举例说明的方法来介绍氦元素的发现过程，所以选项D正确。chronologicalorder时间顺序；spatialorder空间顺序；definition下定义；exampleillustration举例说明。

7.细节事实题。根据第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在适当的情况下，每一种元素都会发出一种特定的光的颜色组合来识别它，就像你的指纹可以识别你一样。由此可知，作者是将光和指纹进行对比，选项D正确。

15.单选题

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?