考研考博-英语-保山学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保山学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（

）.

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B选项strength“力量，毅力”；C选项length“长度，篇幅”；D选项possibility“可能，可能性”。worktoone'scapacity表示“充分发挥才能”。句意：没有外出工作的家庭主妇们总感觉她们没充分发挥自己的全部才能。

2.单选题

______shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

问题1选项

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A项onnoaccount“决不”，放在句首作状语时，主谓应该倒装；B项fromallaccount“根据各方面所说”；C项ofnoaccount“不重要的、没有价值的”，在句中通常作表语和定语；D项byallaccount“据大家所说”；句意：绝不能给小孩钱。因此该题A项正确。

3.单选题

TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,（）isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

问题1选项

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.thatTherearefewelectronic

【答案】A

【解析】句意:英国人对于不同的文化和其他的行为方式不是很熟悉，在其他国家情况也是如此。

语法题。考查定语从句。逗号后面部分“isoftenthecaseinothercountries”结构不完整，缺少主语。因此该处应该是非限制性定语从句。因此A项正确，构成表达“asisoftenthecase(是常有的情形)”。

4.单选题

We’reextremelyinterestedinthesourceofthese（）rumors.

问题1选项

A.salient

B.fictitious

C.ascetic

D.indelible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项salient“显著的；最重要的”；B选项fictitious“虚假的”；C选项ascetic“清苦的，苦行的”；D选项indelible“无法忘记的，不可磨灭的”。句意：我们对这些（）谣言从何而来非常感兴趣。既然是rumors“谣言”，很多人会不假思索地相信，就不至于salient“显著的；最重要的”，fictitious“虚假的”比较符合生活实际。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

问题1选项

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。四个选项中只有选项D这个单词是存在的，censorship“审查制度”。句意：很多受过良好教育的人认为审查制度不会危及言论自由。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.Moleculesconveyinformation,anditistheirmessagesthatareofparamountimportance.Eachmoleculeinteractswithasetofothermoleculesandeachsetcommunicateswithanotherset,suchthatallareinterconnected.Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.Lifeisawebandthewebislife.

Ironically,itwastheeuphoriaformoleculesthattouchedoffthisscientificRevolution.Inthe1980sonlyatinypercentageofthemillionsofdifferentmolecularcomponentsoflivingbeingswereknown.Inordertogainaccesstothesemolecules,anewscienceandevenanewindustryhadtobecreated.Genomicsisthedevelopmentandapplicationofresearchtoolsthatuncoverandanalyzethousandsofdifferentmoleculesatatime.Thisnewapproachtobiologyhasbeensosuccessfulthatuniversitieshavecreatedentiredepartmentsdevotedtoit,andallmajorpharmaceuticalcompaniesnowhavelargegenomicsdivisions.Genomicshasgrantedbiologistsunprecedentedaccesstothemoleculesoflife,butthisismorethanjustatechnologicalrevolution.Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.

Informationisamessage,abitofnews.Itmaybeencodedordecoded.Itmaybecoveredbysmokesignals,pictures,soundwaves,electromagneticwaves,orinnumerousothermedia,buttheinformationitselfisnotmadeofanything.Ithasnomass.

Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyed,processed,andstored.

Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?

51.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

52.ThepassagementionseachofthefollowingasanexampleofelementsinterrelatingtoformalargerwholeExcept（）.

53.Accordingtothepassage,the“dramaticallynewframework”isoneinwhich（）.

54.Accordingtothepassage,informationtheory“mayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismof

science”because（）.

55.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalparagraphinrelationtotherestofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.refuteatheory

B.describetheoriginsofamisconception

C.analyzedifferentperspectivesonaphenomenon

D.describeanewtrendinafieldofstudy

问题2选项

A.moleculesformingacell

B.organismsforminganecosystem

C.pathogensformingtheimmunesystem

D.cellsforminganorganism

问题3选项

A.biologicaldateistranslatedintoanewform

B.theimmunesystemattacksapathogen

C.geneticresearchreceivesmorefederalfunding

D.forcesareharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbody

问题4选项

A.itcanbeconveyedbysoundwaves

B.itisbettersuitedtocommercialindustrythantoacademicstudy

C.itsuggeststhatmessagesmayhavemeaningorpurpose

D.itanalyzesbiologicalinformation

问题5选项

A.Itmodifiesatheorypresentedearlier.

B.Itindicatesactualandpotentialconsequencesofgenomics.

C.Itraisesdoubtsaboutthevalueofgenomics.

D.Itprovidesasolutiontoaproblemmentionedearlier.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】51.主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了生物学研究的新趋势，生物学现在是信息科学，用信息手段探索生命。因此D选项“描述一个研究领域的新趋势”，正确，符合题意。A选项“反驳一个理论”，B选项“描述一种误解的起源”；C选项“从不同的角度分析一个现象”均与题意不符，可排除。故选D。

52.推理判断题。定位在第一段Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作为信息科学家，生物学家关心维持生命的信息，比如使受精卵发育成为成熟生物体的复杂的一系列信号，或者免疫系统对入侵病原体做出的协调反应。）Networksofpeoplebringaboutculturesandsocieties,andnetworksofspeciesencompassecosystem.（人的网络形成文化和社会，物种的网络构成了生态系统。）根据题干信息哪项不是元素相互关联构成更大的整体的例子。A选项“形成细胞的分子”，B选项“由有机体形成生态系统的”，C选项“病原体形成免疫系统”，D选项“细胞形成有机体”。A，B，D选项均是由小变大的例子。C选项根据原文，应该是一个大的、整体性的免疫系统，会对小的、部分性的病原体做出协调反应。因此C选项不符合题意。故选C。

53.词义推测题。定位到原文Throughgenomicsmassiveamountsofbiologicalinformationcanbeconvertedintoanelectronicformat.Thisdirectlylinksthelifesciencestothedramaticallynewframeworkforunderstandinglife.（通过基因组学，大量的生物信息可以被转换成电子格式。这直接使生命科学以全新框架来理解生命。）由此可判断dramaticallynewframework“全新的框架”根据指示代词this可知是指代前面的内容即生物数据可以被转换成电子格式，因此A选项“生物数据被转换成一种新的形式”，正确，符合题意。B选项“免疫系统攻击病原体”，C选项“基因研究得到了更多的联邦资助”，D选项“人们利用各种力量来更好地了解人体”，均不符题意，可排除。故选A。

54.推理判断题。定位在第四段Furthermore,informationalwayshasasenderandanintendedreceiver.Thisimpliesanunderlyingintent,meaning,orpurpose.Informationtheorythusmayseemunfitforthecoldobjectivismofscience.Thefocusoftheinformationscience,however,isnotsomuchoninformationcontent,butratheronhowmessagesareconveyedprocessed,andstored.（此外，信息往往有发送者和有意向的接收者。这隐含着一个潜在的意图、意义或目的。信息理论因此似乎不适合科学的冰冷的客观主义。信息科学的焦点，然而，与其说是在信息内容上，不如说是在如何传达、处理和存储信息上。）根据关键点thus“因此”可知，信息理论似乎不适合科学的冰冷的客观主义的原因在前一句中可以找到。即信息隐含着一个潜在的意图、意义或目的。因此C选项“它表明，信息可能有意义或目的”正确，符合题意。A选项“它可以通过声波传播”，B选项“它更适合商业工业而不是学术研究”，D选项“它分析生物信息”，均与题意不符。故选C。

55.推理判断题。定位在最后一段Advancesinthisareahavebeengreatandhavehelpedtopropeltheremarkabledevelopmentofthecomputerandtelecommunicationindustries.Couldtheseforcesbeharnessedtobetterunderstandthehumanbodyandtoimprovehumanhealth?（信息科学的发展促使计算机和通讯产业的巨大发展，这是否应该可以更好的帮助探索人体和改善人类健康呢？）以及文章的第一段Biologyisbeingrebornasaninformationscience,aprogenyoftheInformationAge.（生物学正在重生为一门信息科学，一门信息时代的产物。）Asinformationscientists,biologistsconcernthemselveswiththemessagesthatsustainlife,suchastheintricateseriesofsignalsthatledafertilizedeggtodevelopintoafull-grownorganism,ortheorchestratedresponsetheimmunesystemmakestoaninvadingpathogen.（作为信息科学家，生物学家关心的是维持生命的信息，比如使受精卵发育成为成熟生物体的复杂的一系列信号，或者免疫系统对入侵病原体做出的协调反应。）由此可知，最后一段是对前面内容的一些补充，因此A选项“它修饰了先前提出的一个理论”，正确，符合题意。B选项“它表明了基因组学的实际和潜在后果”，C选项“这引起了对基因组学价值的怀疑”，D选项“它为前面提到的问题提供了解决方案”，均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

7.单选题

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（

）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

问题1选项

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inspirational意为“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意为“教育的”；excessive意为“过度的，极度的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。

句意：有了她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她是一股鼓舞人心的力量，她能鼓励她的学生们发挥出超出他们自己的期望。

9.单选题

HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis（

）.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.momentous

C.transient

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。imminent“即将发生的；迫近的”；momentous“重要的；重大的”；transient“短暂的；路过的”；prospective“未来的；预期的”。句意：英格兰南部的暴雨意味着即将有洪水发生。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

问题1选项

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法______，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.翻译题

1.Themanwhoselifeiscenteredaroundproducing,sellingandconsumingcommoditiestransformshimselfintoacommodity.Hebecomesincreasinglyattractedtothatwhichisman-madeandmechanical,ratherthantothatwhichisnaturalandorganic.Manymentodayaremoreinterestedinsportscarsthaninwomen;ortheyexperiencewomenasacarwhichonecancausetoracebypushingtherightbutton.2.Altogethertheyexpecthappinessisamatteroffindingtherightbutton,nottheresultofaproductive,richlife,alifewhichrequiresmakinganeffortandtakingrisks.Intheirsearchforthebutton,somegotothepsychoanalyst,somegotochurchandsomeread“self-help”books.Butwhileitisimpossibletofindthebuttonforhappiness,themajorityaresatisfiedwithpushingthebuttonsofcameras,radios,televisionsets,andwatchingsciencefictionbecomingreality.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsoftheirapproachtolifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons?Apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof.3.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventthemfromfeelinganxietyaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

AmIsuggestingthatmodernmanisdoomedandthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.4.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandthefulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.以生产、销售、消费商品为中心的男人把自己也转化为一种商品了。他对人造的、机械的东西越来越感兴趣，对天然的、有机的东西却无动于衷。如今，许多男人对跑车的痴迷超过了对女人的痴迷，或者把女人当作只要按对按钮就会奔驰的汽车。

2.总而言之，他们认为幸福是个找对按钮的问题，而不是源自硕果累累、丰富多彩、需要付出努力和承担风险的生活。在寻找按钮的过程中，有些人去找心理分析学家；有些人去做礼拜；还有一些人去读“自助”书籍。不过他们虽然找不到赐予幸福的按钮，但大多数人满足于按收音机、电视机和照相机的按钮，满足于看着科幻小说变成现实。

3.我认为，可以这样解释：他们非常担心会遭遇个人的失败并蒙受羞辱。由于他们对个人问题感到忧虑，这就妨碍他们对所有的人和所有的东西可能会遭到毁灭感到忧虑。也许彻底的毁灭比十分的不安和个人永无休止的忧虑更有吸引力。

4.想通过倒退到人们已经走过的阶段来解决问题是永远行不通的。我建议改造我们的社会制度，将其从一个官僚机构管理下的工业化社会体制转化为一个人本主义的工业化社会体制。在前一种体制中，最高产量和最高消费为主要目的；在后一种体制中，一切社会活动的目的都是为了人，为了使人的各种潜力——爱的潜力和运用理性的潜力——获得充分的发展。

12.单选题

Evidencecameupthat______speechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

问题1选项

A.specific

B.distinctive

C.explicit

D.blunt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项specific“特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的”，着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性；B选项distinctive“独特的，有特色的；与众不同的”，常被用来突出某个特点，也就是说由于某个特点的存在使其不同于其他的人或事物；C选项explicit“明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的”；D选项blunt“钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的”。句意：有证据表明，6个月大的婴儿就能识别______语音。此处强调语音，用“特定的”一词修饰更符合句意，所以A选项正确。

13.单选题

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

问题1选项

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Asif引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时，因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

问题1选项

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

问题2选项

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

问题3选项

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

问题4选项

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

问题5选项

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】16.主旨大意题。文章开头引出城乡居民在患心理疾病上的差异，随后抛出实验来阐述城乡居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C选项“城乡居民心理机制的差异”正确。A选项“为什么城市不适合居住”：文章没有讨论这个话题，故错误。B选项“如何发现应对压力的人的内心活动”和D选项“为什么城市居民比乡村居民患情绪障碍的风险更高”：是文章内容的一部分，不能概括全文，故错误。因此C项正确。

17.推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（现代学者同意这个观点。去年，荷兰研究人员发现，城市居民患焦虑症的风险比平静的农村居民高21%，患情感障碍的风险比乡村居民高39%。），引用雪莱的话以后，紧接着提出城乡居民在患精神类疾病风险的不同，所以B选项“引入以下关于城市和农村居民的讨论”正确。A选项“表达对伦敦这样的大城市的厌恶”和C选项“显示对文学作品的了解”：不是文章想要表达的重点，故错误。D选项“指出城市和农村差异的起因”：这里不能得出城乡差异的起因，故错误。因此B选项正确。

18.语义推测题。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根据第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（对于那些在农村长大的人来说，这种相关性在意料之中。然而，对于那些在城市长大的人来说，这种相关性就不存在了。换句话说，土生土长的都市人的调节机制似乎失衡了。），对于生长在农村的人来说，这种相关性可以预料，也就是有规律可循，处于正常的状态，而对于生长在城市的人来说，这种相关性已经消失，也就是说不是正常该有的状态，所以B选项“失控的”正确。A选项“想不到的”，C选项“所知不多的”和D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

19.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.（生活在农村的人杏仁核的活动水平最低。），可知实验的结果是C选项“面对压力时，农村居民的杏仁核活动水平最低”，故正确。A选项“城市居民有压力时扣带皮层活动水平最高”：根据第四段最后一句Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.（一个人的童年生活在城市的时间越长，他的扣带皮层部位就越活跃，无论他在实验期间住在哪里。），可知扣带皮层活跃与否与压力无关，而与生长环境有关，故错误。B选项“参与者成长的地方对于预测心理活动更重要”：文章没有强调参与者成长的地方对于实验结果的重要性，在实验过程中需要参考参与者成长的地方，故错误。D选项“扣带皮层的调节机制在现在居住在城市的人群中失效”：根据第三段最后一句ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.（扣带皮层是大脑皮层的一部分（同样存在于两个大脑半球），负责调节杏仁核。）和第四段第三句Citydwellershadthehighest.（城市居民的比例最高。），可知居住在城市中的人的扣带皮层没有失效，故错误。因此C选项正确。

20.事实细节题。根据第八段第一句Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.（就像这类研究中的常见情况，样本量很小（因此不像期望的那么可靠），结果显示的是一种关联，而不是一种确定的因果关系。），可知这个研究的局限在于不能得出因果关系，所以D选项“不能得出社会压力和精神之间有因果关系的结论”正确。A选项“扫描技术用于检查大脑”，B选项“选择参与者的随机性”和C选项“要求参与者解决的数学问题设计不合理”文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.

问题1选项

A.Asayoungman

B.wouldoftensee

C.inhislatetwenties

D.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】短语误用。begantospend改成beganspending。表示开始一种新习惯时，应使用begindoing的形式

16.单选题

Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.

AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.

Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.

Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.

1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.

2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.

3.By“T