考研考博-英语-兰州资源环境职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州资源环境职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-bornHunter,whoin1762becamephysiciantoQueenCharlotte,wifeofGeorgeIII,HehelpedhertodeliverthefuturekingGeorgeIV,Smellie,afellowScot,isnolessdistinguished,FromWitchcrafttoWisdom,atextbookonthehistoryofobstetricandgynaecologicalmedicine,hailshimas“thegreatestobstetricianinthehistoryofBritishobstetrics”.Hehasalsobeencalled“thefatherofBritishmidwifery”.

5.Shelton,though,regardstheduoasonaparwithBurkeandHare,whomurdered17citizensofEdinburghin1827and1828,sellingtheirremainstoalocalanatomist,TheLondonofHunterandSmellie’stimewasunhealthyandsemi-anarchic,andearlydeathfromdiseasewaswidespread,aswasgraverobbing.InhisJRSMpaper,Sheltonclaimstoprovethattherivaldoctorscouldnothaveobtainedtheirsupplyofcorpsesbyanyothermeansthanmurder.ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren,Thusthegraverobbersofthetimecouldnothavefulfilledtheobstetricians’needforsuchaspecifictypeoffemale,ConcludesShelton.

6.Eachusedanassistanttocommissionkillers,hesays,namingDrColinMackenzieasSmellie’saccompliceandJohnHunter-William’sbrother,whowasacelebratedanatomist—ashishelper.Youngwomenfromthecountrysidewereapparentlyfavouritetargetsinacitywhereplentyofpeople“disappeared”.“Thereisgreatsuspicionabouttheabundanceofundeliveredninth—monthcorpsesprocured,dissectedanddepictedintheanatomicalatlasesofSmellieandHunter,”writesShelton.“Theimpossibilityofsupplyfromrandomresurrections,takenwithacarefulanalysisofevents,andof18dl-centurymedicalliterature,showscompellingevidenceforburking,”By1755rumourswerecirculatingthatthewomeninSmellie’sjournalhadbeenmurdered,andassociatesbeganpressinghimontheirorigins.“AsaresultSmellieandHunterbothhaltedtheirresearch,bothpresumablyfearingtrialandexecution,”althoughHunter—whousedhislinkstopowerfulfamiliestoensurenoinvestigationwaseverundertaken—resumedorderingmurders,aboutonceayear,in1764,Sheltonadds.

7.AnthonyKenny,agynaecologistinLondonfor40yearsuntilhisretirementin2007,said:“Thesetwoguysaremyheroes.Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering.”KennyisnowthecuratorofthemuseumoftheRoyalCollegeofObstetriciansandGynaecologists.“Theywerethefirstproperobstetriciansinthecountrybecauseoftheirpioneeringworkpracticingwhatwasthenstillanewbranchofmedicine.”WhileKennydescribesShelton’spaperas“extremelyimpressive”initsresearch,hecannotbelievethathisheroeswereguiltyofsuchterriblecrimes.Thetradeincorpseswasverylucrativeandprobablyattractedunsavoury,unscrupulouscharacters,hepointedout.”Anditcouldbethattheydidn’tmakeproperinquiriesastotheoriginsofthebodies,andsomaynothaveknownthatthewomenweremurdered.

8.LudmillaJordanova,aprofessorofmodemhistoryatKing’sCollegeLondonwhospecializesinthehistoryofmedicine,saysShelton’sassertionthatHunterandSmelliecouldnothavecomeacrosssomanydeadpregnantwomenfromanyothersourceas“astrikingclaim,importantresearch...isrevealingthecomplexitiesofanatomicalactivitiesin18th—centuryLondon.Thisisanexcitingandcontroversialareaofhistoricalinvestigation.”WhileSheltonacknowledgesthattheideaofpioneeringmedicalresearchersresortingtoburkingisshocking.HelikestoquoteSherlockHolmes,“Whenyouhaveeliminatedtheimpossible,whateverremains,howeverimprobable,isthetruth.”

1.Accordingtotheinformationinparagraph2,WilliamBurke（

）

2.AccordingtoDonShelton,pregnantwomenin18thcenturyLondon（

）,

3.ThestrongestsupportforShelton’sthesiscomesfrom（

）.

4.Inparagraph6,thewordapparentlymeans（

）.

5.WhatSheltonwritesaboutthepioneeringgynecologistsHunterand

Smellie（

）.

问题1选项

A.wasahenchmanofHunterandSmellie

B.gavehisnametothepracticeofkillingpeoplewithoutleavinganysignsofmurder

C.isbelievedtohavekilledpeopleforhisownmedicalresearch

D.mademoneybykillingpeopletoprovidebodiesformedicalresearch

问题2选项

A.Generallywerenotverylikelytodieinthelastmonthofpregnancy

B.Seldomdiedsoonaftergivingbirth

C.wereaverysmallpartoftheoverallurbanpopulation

D.werequitenumerousinitsmanypoorhouses

问题3选项

A.thetestimonyofcontemporaryeyewitnesses

B.statisticsandprobability

C.policerecordsofthetime

D.literaryreportsoftheabundantviolenceandcrimein18thcenturyLondon

问题4选项

A.itisobviousthat

B.thereisnodoubtthat

C.itappearsthat

D.somepeopleassertthat

问题5选项

A.seemsquitepersuasivetoAnthonyKenny

B.appallsandhorrifiesAnthonyKenny

C.clearsthem,inAnthonyKenny’sopinion,ofanyguiltorblame.

D.SeemscompletelygroundlesstoAnthonyKenny

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段对WilliamBurke进行了解释:anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments(爱尔兰人,1829年在恩丁堡被判杀人罪--出售尸体进行医学实验)。故选D。

2.细节事实题。第五段指出:ItwasrareforMothers-to-betodieorbemurderedsoonbeforetheywereduetogivebirth,saysthehistorian,Peoplefrompoorhouseswhodiedwereusuallyold,unwellorchildren(这位历史学家说，母亲在临产前不久死亡或被谋杀是很罕见的，来自贫民区的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故选A。

3.推理判断题。文章多出提到Shelton’s的理论来源。第二段提到JOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(皇家医学会杂志),后面又提到medicalliterature(医学文献)。故选D:18世纪伦敦大量暴力和犯罪的文学报道。

4.词义题。此处句意为:在一个很多人都“消失”了的城市里，来自农村的年轻妇女显然是最受欢迎的目标。

5.推理判断题。第七段:Theideathattheycouldhavebeeninvolvedinthemurderofsubjectsisabsolutelystaggering(他们可能参与了谋杀目标的说法绝对令人震惊),后面也表达了他们难以置信的态度。故选B。

2.单选题

Iwish（

）thatmuchmoneylastmonth.

问题1选项

A.Ihadnotspent

B.didnotspent

C.wouldnothavespent

D.havenotspent

【答案】A

【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据lastmonth可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。

3.填空题

Mydaughterisrather（1）toairpollution,sowemakesurethatshewearsa（2）whenshegoestoschoolinthemorning,（3）ondayswhentheairqualityindexisbad.That’ssomethingweunfailinglycheckonlinewhilewe'reeatingbreakfast.

【答案】1.vulnerable;

2.mask;

3.especially/particularly

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定搭配。Bevulnerable(to)易遭受…。

2.语义题。第二空前面有一个a，因此此处应填名词,结合句意可知mask(口罩)合适。

3.语义题。第三空后面ondays...是修饰句子shewearsamask的时间状语，所以此处填入一个副词起修饰作用，故particularly“尤其”符合句意。

4.单选题

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

问题1选项

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意为约束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室内；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘记；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平静下来，镇定下来。选项C与之意思相近。

5.单选题

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

问题1选项

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。electorate的前缀为elect-（选-），可以推测出electorate意为“选民”，所以选项C正确。

6.单选题

Thecourseofscholasticpreparationwasarduousrequiringthesystematicpassingofsuccessiveexaminations.Successintheexaminationsresultedinthe（）ofacademicdegrees,whichweretreasuredasthesurestsourceofwealthandpowerinChina.

问题1选项

A.bestowal

B.giving

C.conferring

D.offering

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的……，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Thejunior（

）wasimpatientforpromotionbutknewthathewouldonlygetitbysteppingintoadeadman’sshoes.

问题1选项

A.executive

B.explosive

C.captive

D.addictive

【答案】A

【解析】考察形近词辨析。executive总经理；执行官；explosive爆炸物，炸药；captive俘虏；addictive使人上瘾的。句意：这位初级执行官急不可耐地想要提升，但是他很清楚他只能等待填补死人的空缺。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Inaseminar,everyoneshouldtakepartratherthanallowonepersonto______thediscussion.

问题1选项

A.overwhelm

B.dominate

C.oppress

D.determine

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。overwhelm“淹没，压倒”；dominate“控制，支配”；oppress“压迫，压抑”；determine“决定；确定”。根据关键信息everyoneshouldtakepart（每个人都参与）与oneperson（一个人），可知前后是两者对比，因此选项B符合题意。句意：在研讨会上，每个人都应该参与讨论而不是让一个人来主导。

9.单选题

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

问题1选项

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改变，转化；transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。

10.翻译题

过去十年间，中国手机网络的发展可谓有目共睹，几乎每年都会新增约八千万用户，但据英国广播公司报道，在某种程度上，真正的通讯革命才刚刚开始。

今年，中国将取代美国成为世界最大的智能手机市场。对很多中国人来说，智能手机使他们第一次拥有了通向互联网的私人路径。这对于信息技术开发商、尤其是移动手机应用程序开发商来说是非比寻常的机遇。

那么，应用程序开发商是怎么在中国赚到钱的呢？一种方法就是尝试“应用内销售”一一他们推出免费的应用程序，一旦用户被吸引，再以较低的价格卖给他们体验增强版。虽然中国的用户只愿意出几分钱来购买升级服务，但只要想想用户多达数百万，加在一起很快就是一大笔钱。不过，对于非游戏类应用程序开发商来说，要发展就得依靠广告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

11.单选题

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，实现”；B选项gooff“离开，变质”；C选项bringout“出版，生产”；D选项makeout“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp（）friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.

问题1选项

A.foster

B.harness

C.install

D.exhibit

【答案】A

【解析】句意:频繁的文化交流必将有助于促进我们两所大学之间的友好关系。

考查动词辨析。foster培养,促进;harness驾驭,利用;install安装,安顿：exhibit展览,显示,提出。由题干关键词“friendlyrelations(友好关系)”可知A符合句意。

13.单选题

Wemustgetthetrappedvictimsoutatoncebecausethebuildingisin（

）dangerofanexplosion.

问题1选项

A.opaque

B.vivid

C.mute

D.imminent

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。opaque不透明的，迟钝的；vivid生动的；mute沉默的，无声的；imminent即将来临的，迫近的。

句意：我们必须立即把被困的受害者救出来，因为这个建筑有马上要爆炸的危险。所以选项D正确。

14.单选题

（

）isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.

问题1选项

A.Conception

B.Abortion

C.Delivery

D.Perception

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项Conception“怀孕”；B选项Abortion“堕胎，流产”；C选项Delivery“分娩”；D选项Perception“感知”。

句意：由于宗教原因，美国有些州禁止堕胎，而有些州允许堕胎。选项B更符合语境。

15.单选题

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

问题1选项

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项common“普通的；一般的”，B选项mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C选项same“同样的；一样的”，D选项cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：东西方可以为各自的（）利益和进步而共同努力。通过带入A、B、C、D可以发现，句子想要表达的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能体现这个含义的，它有各自为战，却又有共同之处的含义，因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Theheatinsummerisnoless（

）hereinthismountainregion.

问题1选项

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。concentrated意为“集中的”；extensive意为“广泛的”；intense意为“激烈的，强烈的，非常的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的”。

句意：这个山区夏天的酷热也同样强烈。

17.单选题

Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.

问题1选项

A.predictable

B.disguised

C.ornamental

D.sophisticated

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词辨析。predictable可预测的；disguised伪装的；ornamental装饰的；sophisticated高级的，复杂的。句意：20世纪80年代以来，越来越高级的工具使得电影以数字化形式制作、营销和推广成为可能。选项D符合句意。

18.单选题

Toolmakersmusthavetheabilitytoworkvery（

）inordertomeetexactspecifications.

问题1选项

A.plausibly

B.profoundly

C.precisely

D.primarily

【答案】C

【解析】plausibly似真地；profoundly深刻地，极度地；precisely精确地，恰好；primarily主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必须能非常精确地工作，以满足准确的规格要求。根据下文可知，选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

Freudderivedpsychoanalyticknowledgeofchildhoodindirectly;he（）childhoodprocessesfromadultmemory.

问题1选项

A.reconstructed

B.incorporated

C.obstructed

D.fostered

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct“重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct“阻塞，妨碍”；foster“培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturedeliveredbytheprofessorbecauseitssubjectwasvery（）.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.indefinite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座，因为其主题很晦涩难懂。

考查形容词辨析。intriguing有趣的，引人入胜的，神秘的；indefinite无期限的，不明确的，表示因定义不明确而引起理解上的模糊；obscure不淸楚的，模糊的，晦涩的，强调费解；dubious可疑的，含糊的，强调因可疑而引起的不确定。根据前半句句意“几乎没有人能听懂教授的讲座”可知C正确。

21.翻译题

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。

37．在社会中人类为了竞争所付出的代价，就和为了不需要花钱就能得到的舒适和奢侈品一样代价高昂；但是竞争法则带来的好处高于付出的代价，因为正是这种竞争法则，经济快速发展，生活水平得到提高。

38．虽然这一法则对个体来说可能很难，但是它适用于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适应并生存。

39．因此，我们接受并欢迎我们必须适应的条件，也就是工业和商业掌握在少数人手中的巨大不平等；而他们之间的竞争法则不仅是良性的，而且对种族的未来发展必不可少。

40．无论在什么地方，在什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了只有少数人有这种能力。

22.单选题

NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage（）intheworld.

问题1选项

A.neighborhoods

B.communities

C.clusters

D.assemblies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项neighborhood“街坊，街区”，B项community“社区，共同体，团体”，C项cluster“群，簇”，D项assembly“装配，集合”；根据空格前面的differentlanguage（不同的语言），结合句子的语境，只有B项符合。句意：纽约可能是世界上不同语言社区数量最多的城市。因此，该题选择B项正确。

23.单选题

Anypossibledeleterioussideeffectsofthenewdrugcannotbedeterminedby______trials;severallong-termstudieswith______identicalmethodologiesarerequired.

问题1选项

A.baneful…germane

B.acceding…fawning

C.mitigating…stout

D.cursory...uniform

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.baneful…germane有害的，有毒的……贴切的，恰当的，有密切关系的B.acceding…fawning加入，同意v.……奉承的，恭维的

C.mitigating…stout减轻的，节制的，和缓的……坚决的，强有力的D.cursory...uniform粗略的，草率的……统一的，相同的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过______试验确定；它需要用______相同方法进行几项长期研究”可知，两个空格处都要填入一个形容词，第一个空格根据句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合语境；第二个空格根据后面的identical（相同的）可知，该空格填入uniform表示“统一的”符合，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】新药的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通过草率的试验确定；它需要用统一的相同方法进行几项长期研究。

24.翻译题

TheUKhaslongprideditselfonitsroadsafetystandards.Casualtyfiguresarelowcomparedwithmostotherindustrializedcountries.Butthispositiverecord,coupledwiththefactthattheinternationaltrendcontinuesdownwards,isalsowhythefirstincreaseinroaddeathsforalmostadecadeshouldbeacauseforconcern.

Abreakdownofthe2010—11figuresshowswherethatconcerncouldmostusefullybedirected.Deathsamongdriversandpassengerswereup6percent,withruralroadsaccountingformoreoftherisethanurbanareas,andadisproportionatenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingdriversunder24.

Therelativelyhighaccidentrateonruralroadshasbroughtcallsforanewspeedlimitincountryareasof40mph.Thatisworthconsidering.Therearemanyroadswherethelackofalimitimplicitlyallowsdriverstotravelat60mph,evenwheretheconditionsshoulddictateotherwise.Argumentsabouttheexpenseofnewsignscouldbemetbytheintroductionofablanketlimitonminorroads.Enforcementwould,ofcourse,bedifficult.Butthesettingofanewnormwouldattheveryleastalertdriverstothedangersandfostergreatercaution.

Thenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingyoungerdrivers—itshouldreallybenosurprisethatroadaccidentsarethemaincauseofdeathamongyoungadults—shouldraisequestionsonceagainabouttherigorofthedrivingtest.Considerationmightalsobegiventowhether,perhaps,thelegaldrivingageshouldberaised.Thedownside,however,wouldalsohavetobeweighed.42.Agemaybelessofafactorinaccidentsthaninexperience,andanyriseintheageatwhichsomeonemayobtainalicensecouldpenalizethoselivinginareaswithpoorpublictransportandencouragemoreteenagerstodriveillegally.

Themoststartlingaspectofthesestatistics,though,isthe12percentriseindeathsamongpedestrians.Manyreasonscouldbeadvanced,notallofthemrelatedtoworsebehavioronthepartofdrivers.Atleastsomeoftheincreasecouldbeattributabletotechnology,andthedistractionsofmobiledevicesandheadphones.Thedangerthatlurkswhenpedestriansareinsufficientlyawareoftheirsurroundingsshouldbespeltoutmoreloudlyandmoreoften.

Thereisanothereasyconclusion,too,thatisbeing—butshouldnotbe—drawnfromthegeneralriseinfatalities.Callscanalreadybeheard,fromMPsandothers,fortheGovernmenttoshelveitsplanforahigher,80mphspeedlimitonmotorways,oratleasttoputittoaCommonsvote.Motorways,though,accountforrelativelyfewUKroaddeaths;ruralroadsaremanytimesmoredangerous.

Concentratingonimprovementstothesesecondaryroads,andonpedestrianawarenesseverywhere,wouldbeabetteruseoflimitedfundsthanreversingasensiblechangethatrecognizesrealityandimprovesenforcement.Thisisthemessagetobedrawnfromthelatestroadaccidentfigures,anditshouldbeheeded-eventhoughitmaynotbewhatcertainvocalgroupsofcampaignerswanttohear.

【答案】在次等级公路上实行总额包干,就能解决新道路标志的成本之争。当然,实施起来有些困难。但制定新标准最起码能提醒司机注意危险,使司机更加谨慎。

和年龄相比