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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州财经大学押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题
________hasfinishedthetaskaheadoftimewillberewarded,thoughwedon’tknowwhoitwillbe.
问题1选项
A.Thosewho
B.Anyone
C.Whoever
D.Who
【答案】C
【解析】考查从句。句意:()在规定时间之前完成任务会受到奖赏,尽管我们不知道这个人是谁。空格这句话有两个谓语而且前面都缺少主语,所以可以判断句子是主语从句或者我们需要补个主语然后接从属连词来引导定语从句。从句的谓语动词需要和先行词保持一致,A选项中those是复数代词,而题干的has是第三人称单数,所以。Anyone不能引导从句,B选项排除;根据句意,C选项更符合题意。
2.单选题
Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.
Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.
Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?
Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.
It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.
Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.
1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans().
2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether().
3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause().
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis().
问题1选项
A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother
B.datingeachother
C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage
D.gettingmarried
问题2选项
A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove
B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework
C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage
D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately
问题3选项
A.itisimmoralandinappropriate
B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly
C.itisashametothecouple’sparents
D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems
问题4选项
A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.
B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.
C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.
D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.
问题5选项
A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit
B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected
C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple
D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:语义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人们对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少,越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”),由此可知tietheknot指“结婚”,因此D项正确。
第2题:判断推理题。A:夫妻能牢固他们的爱情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一种积极的经历,日后会巩固婚姻,但也可以是结束一段关系的事情)。因此A项不正确。B:夫妻可以了解谁更擅长做家务。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通过同居,夫妻可以解决这些责任分配的不平衡…),此说法并不能推断出B项,因此B项错误。C:夫妻能为他们的婚姻存一些钱。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居,他们会互相依赖对方的储蓄和消费方式。通过削减开支,人们不仅学会了如何控制每个人的钱袋,而且学会了如何相互讨论财务问题)。由此可知C项不正确。D:一对夫妻可以亲密地了解彼此。根据题干关键词livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起,就很难亲密地了解对方),因此D项正确。
第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不道德的,但事实上,夫妻们正在通过同居来扩展关系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居不合适,但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)。由此可知A项“不道德也不合适”正确。
第4题:判断推理题。A:与过去相比,现在人们更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少,越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)。因此A项正确。B:家务琐事会给婚姻带来麻烦。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如,家务责任的划分可能是新婚夫妇的一个大事)。因此B项正确。C:爱是美满婚姻的保证。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使两个人彼此相爱,喜欢共度时光,但真正的问题是,你们能一起生活吗?)。因此C项与原文不符且过于绝对。D:新婚夫妇经常面临许多生活不平衡的问题。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(这似乎是一个小问题,但是有多少女人和男人从来没有想过他们会是唯一做饭、洗碗、吸尘、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除尘等的人)。因此D项正确。
第5题:观点态度题。体现作者观点态度的句子可参考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不合适的,但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择),因此B项“婚前同居是一个应该被尊重的选择”正确。
3.翻译题
当前我国经济发展的势头良好,经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。但是,我们应该淸醒地看到,世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰,会永远保持高速度,中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的,但是,随着经济形势的变化,又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题,比如,国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视,尽快找到有效的解决办法。
【答案】Oureconomyisdoingreallywell;wehavebasicallystruckabalancebetweenspeed,qualityandeconomicbenefitintermsofeconomicgrowth.Butweshouldbesoberlyawarethatthereisnocountryintheworldthatcanperpetuateaneconomicboomandhigh-speedgrowth,soChinawillnotbeanexception.TheachievementsofChina’sreformandopening-uphavebeenthereforalltosee,butastheeconomicclimatechanges,somenewcontradictionsandproblemsemergesagain,suchasthereformofthestate-ownedenterprises,highunemploymentrate,financialrisk,ecologicalandenvironmentaldamage,etc.Alloftheseproblemsrequireustopayhighattentiontoandfindeffectivesolutionsassoonaspossible.
4.单选题
Iamsurethatwithyourremarkableabilityandrichexperience,thecurrentsessionyou______overwillbeasuccess.
问题1选项
A.presume
B.propel
C.preside
D.prick
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项presume“假定;推测;擅自;意味着”;B选项propel“推进;驱使;激励;驱策”;C选项preside“负责;主持”;D选项“戳;扎破;(使)感到刺痛”。根据固定搭配presideover“主持;执掌;负责;管理”可知句意为:我相信,以你卓越的能力和丰富的经验,你主持的本届会议将取得成功。因此C选项正确。
5.单选题
Thefarmeroutupironfencesaroundtheflower()gardenneighbor’ssheepshouldbreakin.
问题1选项
A.onconditionthat
B.nowthat
C.lest
D.but
【答案】C
【解析】onconditionthat如果;nowthat既然,由于;lest唯恐,以免。句意:为了防止邻居家的羊搞破坏,农民在花园周围搭起了铁栅栏。选项C符合句意。
6.填空题
Direction:Thefollowingaresomewordsandphrases,someofwhicharetakenfromthetextthatfollows.Decidewhichwordorphraseshouldgoineachgapandthenwritetheletterinthespaceprovided.Notethattherearemorewordsandphrasethangaps.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
StandardsofMeasurement
Inearlytimesmeasurementsweremadebycomparingthingswithpartsof(example).Earlyunitsofmeasurementincludedthedistancefromtheelbowtothefingers,thewidthofthehandandthewidthofthefingers.
Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.Forexample,66basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb.Afootwasoriginally67ofaman’sfoot.Amilewasonethousandwalkingsteps.
Theseunitswereonly68becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.Governmentstriedto69thembyusingrodsoffixedlengths.Buttheserodsstillvariedfrom70tocountry.
DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora__71whichdidnotchange.TheychosethedistancefromtheEquatortotheNorthPole,whichisonequarterofthecircumferenceoftheEarth.Onetenmillionthofthiswascalled72andbecamethebasicunitofthemetricsystem.Othermetric73arebasedonit.Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter.Agram—theunitof74isthemassofonecubiccentimeterofwater.
Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.Theaccuracyof75wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.Nowadaysthemeterisstandardizedbycomparingitwithanotherconstant—thewavelengthofacertainkindoflight.
66.______67.______68.______69.______70.______
71.______72.______73.______74.______75.______
【答案】66.J
67.E
68.K
69.A
70.L
71.N
72.I
73.B
74.M
75.G
【解析】66.考查上下文语义。第一句提到Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.(一些人工测量方法仍在使用),紧接着下文提到…basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb(……根据一半拇指的长度),由此可知,空格处填入的应该是一个测量的单位,故该题选J“theinch(英寸)”正确。
67.考查句子语义。根据句子Afootwasoriginally…ofaman’sfoot(英尺最初是一个人的脚的……),可知,空格处应该是填入length表示长度;故该题选E正确。
68.考查句子语义。根据句子Theseunitswereonly…becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.(这些单位只是……因为人体的器官并不是一成不变的),可知,空格处应该是表示“大约的,近似的”;故该题选K正确。
69.考查句子语义。应该填入一个动词,只有A和M是动词,根据句子意思A符合题意。句意:政府试图通过使用固定长度的棒子来将其标准化。故该题选A正确。
70.考查固定用法。varyfromcountrytocountry表示“因国家而异”,因此空格处要填入country。句意:但是这些棒子仍然依国家而异。故该题选L正确。
71.考查上下文语义。上一段提到没有标准的测量,下文就提到了DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora…whichdidnotchange.(在法国大革命期间,科学家们寻找一种不变的……),由此可知空格处应该是表示“标准的测量”,故N项符合题意。该题选N正确。
72.考查上下文语义。由下文Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter(例如,厘米是一米的百分之一)可知此处指的是“一米”,因此空格处应该填onemeter。该题选I正确。
73.考查上下文语义。由下文的centimeter和gram可知此处指的是“测量单位”,因此空格处应该填units。句意:其他公制单位以它为基础。该题选B正确。
74.考查上下文语义。由常识判断gram是重量单位,因此空格处应该填weight;句意:重量单位一克相当于一立方厘米水。故该题选M正确。
75.考查上下文语义。上句提到Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.(标准的米制测量标在铝棒上),下文接着说到Theaccuracyof…wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.(……的准确度是通过把它们与这根杆子比较来检验的),根据这两个句子可以猜到空格处应该是表示“测量仪器”,因此该题选G正确。
7.单选题
Thisidea,intheavowedpantheismofSpinoza,wassufferedtolapseduringthe18thcentury,wasrevivedagainbyLessingandHerder,andbecameoneofthecentralideasofthegreatRomanticandHegelianmovementsinGermanyinthe19thcentury.
问题1选项
A.cease
B.thrive
C.supersede
D.deplete
【答案】A
【解析】句意:斯宾诺莎宣扬的泛神论中提出的这一思想在18世纪遭到了……,莱辛和赫尔德又重新提出了这一思想,它成为了19世纪德国伟大的浪漫主义和黑格尔运动的核心思想之一。A选项cease“停止;结束”;B选项thrive“繁荣;兴旺”;C选项supersede“取代”;D选项deplete“耗尽;使衰竭”。句中既然说到“重新提出”,说明在18世纪这一思想是被终止或禁止传播的。因此A选项符合题意。
8.单选题
Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.
问题1选项
A.awfully
B.indicatively
C.crucially
D.ultimately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项awfully“可怕地;十分;非常;很”;B选项indicatively“指示地,表示地;象征地;陈述地”;C选项crucially“关键地;至关重要地”;D选项ultimately“最后;根本;基本上”。句意:喜剧艺术可以是,而且往往是极度的严肃,在这一点上很难对它进行分类。结合此处语境,A为正确答案。
9.单选题
Wespentanhour()withthecrowdsaswedidourshopping.
问题1选项
A.purling
B.cobbling
C.jostling
D.tapping
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项purling“用反针编织;用金银丝绣”;B选项cobbling“修,拙劣地修补;草率地拼凑,粗制滥造;铺鹅卵石,用圆石铺面”;C选项jostling“推搡,推挤;争夺”;D选项tapping“轻敲,打拍子,窃听”。句意:在购物时我们一个小时()在人群中。jostling“推搡”和thecrowds搭配,符合购物时拥挤的生活场景。因此C选项正确。
10.单选题
ForSaintPaul,consciencebringsnotonlyilluminationbutalsoagony:Itrelentlesslyexposestheinnerbattlethathumanbeingsmustwageagainsttheirownimpulses.
问题1选项
A.insight
B.distress
C.reflection
D.stimulus
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。agony表示“苦恼,极大的痛苦”;A项insight“洞察力,洞悉”,B项distress“危难,不幸,贫困”,C项reflection“反射,沉思”,D项stimulus“刺激,激励,刺激物”。句意:对圣保罗来说,良心带来的不仅仅是光明,也带来了痛苦:它无情地揭露了人类必须与自己的冲动进行的内心斗争。因此,根据句意可知B选项正确。
11.单选题
Ihatepeoplewho()theendoffilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.
问题1选项
A.reveal
B.rewrite
C.revise
D.reverse
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项reveal“透露”;B选项rewrite“改写”;C选项revise“修正”;D选项reverse“反转”。句意:我讨厌那些透露没看过的电影结局的人。本句表示剧透电影结局。因此A选项正确。
12.不定项选择题
Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases,scientistsreportedyesterday.
Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting,areeasiertomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells-thehighlyversatilecellsthatcomefromdestroyedhumanembryosandareatthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebatethatwillresumethisweek.
Moreover,becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejectediftheyareusedtotreatbirthdefectsinthatnewborn,researcherssaid.Alternatively,thecellscouldbefrozen,providingapersonalizedtissuebankforuselaterinlife.
Thenewcellsareaddingcredencetoanemergingconsensusamongexpertsthatthepopulardistinctionbetweenembryonicand“adult”stemcells-thoseisolatedfromadultbonemarrowandotherorgans-isartificial.
Increasingly,itappearsthereisacontinuumofstemcelltypes,rangingfromtheembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame,uptoadultonesthatcanturnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol.
Thenewlyanalyzedfetalstemcells,scientistssaid,havemanyoftheadvantagesofboth.
“Theygrowfast,asfastasembryonicstemcells,andtheyshowgreatpluripotentiality,”meaningtheycanbecomemanykindsoftissues,saidstudyleaderAnthonyAtala,directoroftheInstituteforRegenerativeMedicineatWakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicineinWinston-Salem,N.C.“Buttheyremainstableforyearswithoutformingtumors,”headded,somethingthatembryoniccellsarenotverygoodat.
Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.
“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”
GeorgeDaley,aHarvardstemcellresearcher,echoedthatsentiment.“Theyarenotareplacementforembryonicstemcells,”hesaid.
Butinthepast,evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialsimilartoembryoniconeshavecomplicatedthepoliticalpushtoexpandfederalfundingforthecontroversialfield.Andaccordingly,opponentsquicklypouncedonthenewresults.
65.()isnotatraitofembryonicstemcells.
66.Thecellsthatareshedbythedevelopingfetusare().
67.Tissuesgrownfromthesecellsinthelaboratorywillnotberejectedastheyare().
68.Embryonicstemcellscan().
69.RobertLanzasaid“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall.”Hemeant().
70.Theword“retrieved”inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby().
问题1选项
A.Growingintobraintissues
B.Usingembryonicstemcellstotreatavarietyofdiseases
C.Causingavarietyofdiseases
D.Growingintomuscletissues
问题2选项
A.atthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebate
B.moredifficulttomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells
C.difficulttoretrieveduringroutineprenataltesting
D.easilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting
问题3选项
A.freeofbirthdefects
B.easiertocultivate
C.ageneticmatchtothedonor
D.canbefrozenforusebyanyoneinneed
问题4选项
A.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesandaredifficulttotame
B.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol
C.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissueandarerelativelyeasytocontrol
D.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame
问题5选项
A.hedoesnotbelievethesecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant
B.heknowspeoplehavedifferentsizefeet
C.hewillstillneedtoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalcondition
D.evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialhascomplicatedthings
问题6选项
A.takenoutfortesting
B.collectedforotheruses
C.sampledfortesting
D.usedfortesting
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
第6题:A
【解析】65.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一、二句Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases.(一种可以在孕妇羊水中自由漂浮的细胞被发现与胚胎干细胞有许多相同的特征,包括能够生长成大脑、肌肉和其他组织,用于治疗各种疾病),选项C“引起各种疾病”,文章没有提到此内容,C选项正确。A选项“在脑组织中生长”,文章提到,这种细胞可以生长大脑,A选项可排除。B“利用胚胎干细胞治疗多种疾病”,文章提到,这种细胞可以治疗各种疾病,B选项可排除。D选项“长成肌肉组织”,文章提到,这种细胞,可以长成肌肉组织,D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。
66.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting(这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落,在常规的产前检查中很容易得到),D选项“在常规产前检查中很容易找回”,符合文章内容,D选项正确。A选项“处于激烈的国会辩论的中心”,文章没有提到此内容,可排除。B选项“比胚胎干细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存”,文章没有提到这些细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存,B选项可排除。C选项“很难在常规产前检查中恢复”,文章没有提到此内容,可排除。因此D选项正确。
67.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejected(因为这些细胞在基因上与发育中的胎儿相匹配,所以在实验室中从它们生长出来的组织不会被排斥),可推测,这些细胞在基因上与发育的胎儿相匹配,C选项“和捐赠者的基因匹配”正确。其余选项,A选项“无出生缺陷”,B选项“更容易培养”和D选项“可以冷冻起来供有需要的人使用”,不符合文章内容,可排除。因此C选项正确。
68.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第五段第三句theembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame(胚胎细胞几乎可以变成任何一种组织,但很难驯服),可以推断出D选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织,但很难驯服”正确。A选项“变成数量有限的组织,很难驯服”,文章没有提到会变成数量有限的组织,A选项可排除。B选项“转化成数量有限的组织,但相对容易控制”,说法错误,可排除。C选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织并且相对容易控制”,文章中没有提到细胞容易控制,C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。
69.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.(Atala和其他科学家强调,他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要)和“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza(罗伯特•兰扎(RobertLanza)表示:“没有一双鞋是适合所有人的”),可知RobertLanza,Atalaandotherscientists的观点是一致的,他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的,会代替胚胎干细胞的所有功能,使之变得不相干。所以题干中的这句话实际上是在支撑前面的科学家的那句话theydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.(他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要),A选项“他不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要”,符合文章内容,A选项正确;B选项“他知道每个人的脚大小都不一样”并不是RobertLanza所暗示的含义;根据原文“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”(“没有一只鞋适合所有人”,RobertLanza说,他是麻省Worcester先进细胞技术的科学总监“我们将不得不确定哪些药物对哪些临床情况最为有用”)可知C选项“他还需要看看哪些药物对哪些临床情况最有用”在文章中有提及,但这句话是补充说明前文,表达他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的,而是要对症下药;D选项“即使暗示非胚胎细胞可能具有医疗潜力,也会使事情变得复杂”并不是RobertLanza的观点。因此A选项正确。
70.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting(这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落,在常规的产前检查中很容易得到)。这句话表达的是“在常规产前检查中容易取出这种细胞做检查”。A选项“拿出来测试”,符合文章内容。B选项“收集作其他用途”,不符合文章内容,可排除。C选项“取样测试”,文章没有提到取样,可排除C选项。D选项“用于测试”,文章没有提到这种细胞用于测试,可排除。因此A选项正确。
13.翻译题
Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.
Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.
(1)Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.
(2)Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.
Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledperson,whohaddiedinanaccident.
(3)Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsarenormallywhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.
ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.(4)Dr.Geschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerenotcrossed.
(5)Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DrDuffyfoundlargedifferenceinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.Hesaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.
【答案】(1)现在科学家们知道学习障碍有很多不同的种类,且还知道它们是由不同的事物引起的。
(2)你不能仅凭看一眼孩子就能判断他或她是否有学习障碍。这种机能失调没有外在的标志。因此,一些研究人员开始观察大脑本身来了解什么地方可能出了问题。
(3)他们发现了两种不同寻常的情况。一个与控制语言的大脑左半部的细胞有关。这些细胞在正常情况下是白色的。然而,有学习障碍的人这些细胞却是灰色的。
(4)Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由大脑左半部分出现的问题引起的。他认为大脑的这一部分未能正常地发育。
(5)其他研究人员没有检查脑组织。作为替代,他们测量了大脑的电活动,并就这些电信号绘制了一张图。
14.单选题
Aknowledgeofhistory()ustodealwiththevastrangeofproblemsconfrontingthecontemporaryworld.
问题1选项
A.equips
B.provides
C.offers
D.satisfies
【答案】A
【解析】equipsb.使某人做好准备,使具备的能力;providesb.with提供某人某物;offersb.+sth.提供某人某物。satisfysb.withsth.使某人对某物感到满意。句意:历史知识使我们能够处理当代世界面临的各种各样的问题。选项A符合句意。
15.单选题
Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.
Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.
Thebolts(闪电)thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthat
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