勘探院考博英语真题07-英语试题

Ph.DEntranceExaminationinEnglishMarch2005

PartTwoVocabulary&Structure(10minutes,10points)

Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.

Achimpanzeegetsreassurancefromtouchinganotherchimpjustasrsoncomfortfromtouchinganother.

A.deprives B.denies C.derives D.differs

LatestevidencetoshowthatalthoughtheUnitedStatesisonlytooreadyto

othercountriesforalleged abuses,ithasturnedablindeyetoseriousviolationsof onitsownsoil.

A.censure B.accuse C.implore D.allow

WomenTodayisa magazinethathaslotsofpicturesoffashionabledressesandisprintedonexpensive,shinypr.

A.glowing B.glaring C.glorious D.glossy

Shehopedthattheaffaircouldbesettledwithouteitherofthemhavingtolegalproceedings.

A.option B.recourse C.appeal D.assistance

ThoughIalwayshaveanurgetocompletethatshortstory,Ijustcouldn't

writingit.

A.movearoundto B.turnaroundto C.lookaroundtoD.getaroundto

Thecirculatorysystemhelps wastesthatwouldharmthebodyiftheyaccumulated.

A.catchupwith B.bearupunder C.getridof D.runoutof

Inanattempttoduplicatethepaintingstyleofthelate 1800's,amateurphotographerJuliaMargaretCameron blurredherimagestoachieveasofterline.

A.apparently B.deliberay C.partially D.mechanically

Technologicaladvancescancausefactualdatato e ;therefore

studentsshouldconcentrateonreasoningskill,ratherthanfacts.

A.precarious B.solitary C.obsolete D.extinct

"Thecivilizedworldwillnotbe andthesekillerswillnotdeterminethe future ofIraq." Bush said in ahastily arranged publicappearance.A.intimidated B.persuaded C.coaxed D.engaged

Theseeventsarenottobeexplained whathappenedlastweek.

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inlinewith B.intermsof

C.inregardwith D.bymeansof

Let'sgoshop, ?

A.arewe B.don'twe C.willwe D.shallwe

Theyestimatedthenumberoftourists about18.2million.

A.at B.around C.in D.on

somanypeoplebeenoutofworkastoday.

Morethaneverbefore

Neverbeforehave

Inthepast,thereneverhave

Formerly,thereneverwere

Hewasresponsibleforlookingafterthelittlegirl .

wearingalong-sleevedblouse

wearinglongsleeves

andwearinglongsleeves

thatwearingalongsleeve

Ifculture notdevelopedamongaspeciesofprimates,thentheformsanddevelopmentofculturewouldbefundamentallydifferent.

A.has B.have C.had D.is

Liberalstendtofavor doconservatives.

morethanimmediatesocialchange

changemoreimmediatethansocial

moreimmediatesocialchangethan

socialchangethanimmediate

TheSmithsonianInstitutionpreservesmorethansixty-fivemillionitemsofscientific,historicalorartisticinterest, winningthepopulartitle,"atticofthenation".

A.however B.thus C.and D.moreover

Innocircumstancecanmoreworkbegotoutofamachinethan

isputintoit B.toputitintoit

C.tobeputintoit D.thatputsintoit

thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

hewouldhavecometoclass.

IfMikeisabletofinishhis

WouldMikebeabletofinishhis

IfMikecouldfinishhis

IfMikehadbeenabletofinishhis

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PartThreeClozeTest(10minutes,10points)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Theindustrialrevolution,whichbegansometimeintheeighteenthcentury,wroughtgreaterchangesintechnologythanhadbeenseeninalltheprecedinghistoryofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolution41runitscourse,andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuchnoveltiesasrailways,ships,electricity,egraphyanda42ofdrivenmachinerythatvastlyboostedproductionandmadethe43countriesricherandmorepowerful.

Technology,alsoenriched,was44refinedtoproducetheephone,phonograph,wirelessegraphy,industrialchemistry,scientificmedicine,theautomobileandtheairplane.Improvements 45 massproductionsoonmadethesenewthingsavailabletoordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainmentindustries,46theradioandsoundmotionpictures,enlivenedofmassconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,47inthelaterstagesthepaceofdevelopmentaccelerated.IftheWorldWarsteppedupthepaceofindustrialdevelopment48thesecondglobal wasthecatalystforaveritableexplosionoftechnology.It49tousthemixedblessingofjetpropulsion,evision,nuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandintercontinentalballisticmissiles,50breakthroughsincybernetics(includingprototypecomputers),automationandpetrochemicals.Anarrayofnewplasticsandsynthetics,semiconductors,lasersandother51changedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto52thecharacterofsocietyandfamilylife.

Inshort,theescalationoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable,butalsomore53.Technologymadeitpossibleforhumanbeingstoexploretheuniverse,butoutofcontrolitthreatenedto54theearthandpossiblyexterminatehumanity.Inadvancedcountries55broughtmanypeoplemoregoodsanddiversionsthantheyneededorwantedwhiletheirfellowmeninless56countrieslongedforthemostelementaryamenitiesorevendiedoffamine.Antibioticsandmodernhygienegreatly57theaveragelifespan,butalsobroughtapopulation58andproblemsofhowto modatehordesofelderlypeopleinunpreparedsocieties.Inthemidstofsuchcontradictionswasborntoday's59era,withitspotentialforbringingtohumaninstitutionschangesmoredrasticthan60sincethetimeourancestorscamedownoutofthetrees.

A.have B.had C.having D.was

A.number B.amount C.set D.variety

A.industrial B.develoC.tropical D.respective

A.nolonger B.already C.further D.merely

A.in B.for C.of D.onto

A.yielding B.leading C.including D.affecting

A.or B.so C.for D.but

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A.gradually B.dramatically C.recently D.potentially

A.brought B.seemed C.provided D.surprised

A.insteadof B. alongwith C.exceptfor D.dueto

A.articles B.discoveries C.inventionsD.marvels

A.mark B.coverC.alter D.influence

A.challenging B.outstanding C.convenient D.fashionable

A.damage B.pollute C.dispose D.explore

A.they B.that C.it D.which

A.fortunate B.necessaryC.polluted D.crowded

57.A.shortened

B.extended

C.gotat

D.prolong

58.A.growth

B.trouble

C.toll

D.explosion

A.communications B.atom C.information D.computers

A.things B.whateverC.all D.anything

PartFourReadingComprehension(50minutes,25points)SectionA(20minutes,15points)

Directions:Eachofthepassagebelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

WeoftodaygetmostofourimpressionsoftheOldWestfrombooks,frommovies,andfromoldyarnshandeddownbywordofmouth.Isitanywonderthatweoftengetaprettypoorpictureoftheoldsix-gundays?

Afewbooksandarticles,suchasStuartN.lake'sbiographyofWyattEarpandarticlesbyEdMcGivern,ElmerKeith,"Fitz"Fitzgerald,MajorHatcher,andafewothers,areaccurateandshowanintimateknowledgeofthecapabilitiesandlimitationsofthesix-gun.Thesewritersgivetheold-timersthegreatcredittheydeservewithoutcheningthemwiththecloakofquestionableglamourandalonglistofutterlyimpossibleshootingfeats.Thesamecannotbesaidofmanywritersofpopularfiction,semi-historicalbooks,andmoviescenarios.Astoword-of-mouthyarns,theaveragelovesagoodstorysowellthathetriestooutdotheonewhotoldthetaletohim.Oftenthetruefactsarelostinacolorfulhazeofimagination.

FewpeoplecanreadoneofthegoodWesternnovelswithoutkeenenjoyment;yetanyonewhoknowstheWestrealizesthatcowboysspendlong,lonelymonthsontherangeworkingcattleandarenotcontinuouslyridingintotowndressedinfancytrapsworthacoupleofyears'wagesandperformingmarvelousshootingstuntswithasix-shooter.Acowboy'slifeisfarfromtheexcitingroundofpleasureandthrillsdepictedinmostWesternstoriesandpictures.Thesetalesarethrillingfables.

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Obviously,thisarticlewaswritten

beforeevision

beforemovies

veryrecently

byrsonwhohasneverbeentotheWest

StuartN.Lakeis

acowboy

aherooftheWest

WyattEarp'srealname

abiographer

Accordingtothisarticle,writersofpopularfiction

showanintimateknowledgeofthelimitationsofthesix-gun

chentherealheroesoftheWest

showanintimateknowledgeofthelifeofacowboy

giveaveryrealisticpictureoftheOldWest

Thecowboyinamodernmovie

spendsmostofhistimeintown

spendslonghoursridingtherange

wearsordinaryworkclothes

awkwardlyhandlesasix-gun

Themanwhowrotethisarticle

isEdMcGivern

doesnotlikemovies

hasprobablywrittenarticlesabouttheWest

thinksthatunvarnishedhistoricalfactsareuninteresting

Passage2

Inallsocieties,youareapttofindsomecreaturesthatpersistinadeterminationnottofollowthecommunallineofleast.Often,suchnonconformityisproductiveofnothingthatcansurvive,butalsofromsuchnonconformitymaycomenewmethodsandnewusesoftraditionalmaterials.Amongtheorbweaverspiders,wefindagroupthathasbrokensocompleywiththepastthatitsmembersdonotspinorbwebsatallbuthavesubstitutedanentirelydifferentmethodofcapturinginsects.Insteadofrelyingonthestaticbutdependableroundweb,theyspinaline,weightitwithastickydropofliquidsilk,andhurlitattheirprey,muchastheGauchothrowshisbolasortheanglercastshisline

NopoundinghoofsorshrillcriesattendthethrowingoftheviscidballbyMastophora,thebolasspider,whosesuccessfuleffortismarkedatmostbythe

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D.Ma

frenziedbeatingoftheprey'ssoftwings.Veryquicklytheflutteringceases,andnorecordofthemeansofcaptureisevidentwhenweseethespiderwithitsbulkyprey.LongbeforetheSouthAmericanlearnedtothrowhisbolasofroundstonestiedtoropesofbraidedrawhide,thebolasspiderwas plishedinusingboleadoras.ButthisspiderhaskeptitssecretsowellthatfewAmericansknowofitsexistence.Withthelicenseofaninventor,itkeepsitslineattachedtoasinglebolaandhurlsitasasortoflasso.Theviscidballisthenoosethatholdstheunwillinglypreyuntilthebolasenswathesitinbondsofsilk.

Spidershavedevisedmanyingeniousmethodsforstopandensnaringflyinginsects.Perhapstheonebestknown,andmostpleasingtotheeye,istheroundweb,ororbweb,composedmostlyofradiatingandspiralthreads.Mastophorabeliesitstrueheritageasanorbweaverandgainsalivelihoodbyanenterprisinguseofsilk.

Inallsocieties,mostcreatures

arenonconformists

followthelineofleast

aredeterminedtogotheirownway

initiatenewmethods

Thenonconformistsamongtheorbweavers

spinroundwebs

usefliesasbait

spinsquarewebs

capturetheirpreybyamethodsimilartoaGaocho's

WhentheMastophoraisseenwithitsprey,

themethodofcaptureisobvious

thereisnoevidenceofthemethodofcapture

thespiderremindsoneofahangman

bothAandB

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

Spidershavedevisedmanyingeniousmethodsofstopandensnaringinsects.

Thebestknownmethodofcapturinginsectsistheroundweb.

Spidersuseonlytwomethodsofcapturinginsects.

ThebolasspiderisunknowntomostAmericans.

Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe

OrbWeavers

TheConformist

OnVariousMethodsofCapturingInsects

Passage3

Themoonhasbeenworshippedbyprimitivepeoplesandhasinspiredhumanstocreateeverythingfromlunarcalendarstolovesonnets,butwhatdowereallyknowaboutit?ThemostacceptedtheoryabouttheoriginoftheMoonisthatitwasformedofthedebrisfromamassivecollisionwiththeyoungEarthabout4.6billionyearsago.Ahugebody,perhapsthesizeofMars,strucktheEarth,throwingoutanimmenseamountofdebristhatcoalescedandcooledinorbitaroundtheEarth.

ThedevelopmentofEarthisinextricablylinkedtothemoon;theMoon'sgravitationalinfluenceupontheEarthistheprimarycauseofoceantides.Infact,theMoonhasmorethantwicetheeffectuponthetidesthandoestheSun.TheMoonmakesonerotationandcompletesarevolutionaroundtheEarthevery27days,7hours,and43minutes.ThissynchronousrotationiscausedbyanunevendistributionofmassintheMoon(essentially,itisheavierononesidethantheother)andhasallowedtheEarth'sgravitytokeeponesideofthemoonpermanentlyfacingEarth.ItisaagedistancefromEarthof384,403km.

Themoonhasnoatmosphere;withoutanatmosphere,theMoonhasnothingtoprotectitfrommeteoriteimpacts,andthusthesurfaceoftheMooniscoveredwithimpactcraters,bothlargeandsmall.TheMoonalsohasnoactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity,sotheerosiveeffectsofatmosphericweathering,tectonicshifts,andvolcanicupheavalsthattendtoeraseandreformtheEarth'ssurfacefeaturesarenotatworkontheMoon.Infact,eventinysurfacefeaturessuchasfootprintleftbyanastronautinthelunarsoilarelikelytolastformillionsofyears,unlessobliteratedbyachancemeteoritestrike.ThesurfacegravityoftheMoonisaboutone-sixththatoftheEarth's.Therefore,amanweighing82kilogramsonEarthwouldonlyweigh14kilogramsontheMoon.

ThegeographicalfeaturesoftheEarthmostlikethatoftheMoonare,infact,placessuchastheHawaiianvolcaniccratersandthehugemeteorcraterinArizona.TheclimateoftheMoonisveryunlikeeitherHawaiiorArizona,however;infactthetemperatureontheMoonrangesbetween123degreesC.to-233degreesC.

Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

theMoon'seffectupontheEarth

theoriginoftheMoon

whatweknowabouttheMoonanditsdifferencestoEarth

acomparisonoftheMoonandtheEarth

Accordingtothepassage,theMoonis

olderthantheEarth

protectedbyadenseatmosphere

composedofafewactivevolcanoes

theprimarycauseofEarth'soceantides

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Whydoestheauthormention"impactcraters"inparagraph3?

toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavinganatmosphere

toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavingactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity

toexplainwhytheMoonhasnoplantlifebecauseofmeteorites

toexplainthecorrosiveeffectsofatmosphericweathering

AllofthefollowingaretrueabouttheMoonEXCEPT

ithasawiderangeoftemperatures

itisheavierononesidethantheother

itisunabletoprotectitselffrommeteoriteattacks

ithaslesseffectuponthetidesthantheSun

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

theMoonisnotabletosupporthumanlife

iftheMoonhadnogravitationalinfluence,theEarthwouldnothavetides

peoplelivinginHawaiiandArizonawouldfeelathomeontheMoon

MarscouldhavebeenformedinasimilarwaytotheMoon

SectionB(30minutes,10points)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenparaphrasethenumberedandunderlinedparts.("Paraphrase"meanstoexplainthemeaninginyourownEnglish.)WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

Theplaceofthechildinsocietyhasvariedforthousandsofyearsandhasbeenaffectedbydifferentculturesandreligions.(76)Inancienttimesunwantedchildrenwereoccasionallyabandoned,puttodeath,exploited,orofferedforreligioussacrifices,andinanyeventalargepercentageofthemdidn'tsurvivetheirphysicallyhazardousexistencetoachievematurity.

InWesterncivilizationwithinthelastfewhundredyears,therehavebeenmanychangesinattitudetowardtheyoung.InagriculturalEurope,andlaterwiththebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,thechildrenofthepoorworkedthelonghoursforlittleornopay,andtherewasnopublicconcernfortheirsafetyorwelfare.(77)Punishmentcouldbebrutalandsevere,andsometimesreligiouspassionswereexpressedviolentlywithaviewtowardsavingthechild'ssoul.

Bytheeighteenthcenturytheharsh,deterministic,doctrinairemethodsbegantoshowsomechange.(78)Societyslowlyaccordedchildrenaroleofmoreimportance-Bookswerewrittenexpresslyforthemandgraduallylawswerepassedfortheirprotection.

Inthepastfewdecadesparentshave emoreattentivetotheneedsoftheirchildren.Betterhealthcareisavailableandeducationisnolongerforalimitedfew.Withsomanynowabletogotocollege,manyeducatorsfeelthatwehavetoomanystudentsandtoofewcompetentscholars.(79)Somesaythependuluminchildrearinghasswungsofartowardpermissivenessthatmanychildrenare

growingupalienatedfromsociety andwithnorespect forlaworparentalauthority.

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P oninEnglishMarch2006

h

PartTwoVocabulary&Structure(lOminutes,10points)

Directions:IneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarkedPuttheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

E

Johnisa(an) reader,neverabsentfromthelibraryevenonSundays.

A.omnivorous B.spasmodic C.vacuous D.radical

Overthepast20years,thelivingconditionsofChinesepeoplehavemuchbeen

r

A.updated B.ameliorated C.transferred D.aggravated

Despiteallits ,atermofenlistmentinthePeaceCorpscanbebothstirringandsatisfyingtoacollegegraduatestillundecidedonacareer.

A.rewards B.adventures C.romance D.frustrations

TheEuropeanCommission,theexecutivearmoftheEuropeanUnion,saidthatitstillhopestoreachan dealwithChinatosolvethecurrenttextiledisputes.

A.amicable B.animated C.annual D.amiable

Prosecutorsnettedthousandsofcorruptandnegligentofficialsthisyear,asigntheprosecutor'sofficesareenforcingtheir powers.

A.judiciary B.objective C.meticulous D.supervisory

Hotmoneyisatermusedinfinancialcirclesforfundsthatflowacrossdifferentmarketsforquick profits.

A.substantial B.shrewd C.speculative D.salient

BushandSen.JohnKerryarelockedinatieforthepopularvote,whichachunkofvoters betweentheirdesireforchangeandtheirdoubtsaboutthealternative.

l

i

A.suffer B.vacillate C.promote D.discriminate

Oncethepriceofthelandhasbeen——,wecangoaheadtobuildthetheatre.

A.agreedon B.agreedto C.agreedat D.agreedwith

Theernmentis toprovidinguniversalhealthcare,qualityeducation,affordablehousingandbetteremploymentopportunities.

A.applauded B.committed C.dedicated D.persisted

Someexpertssaythatepidemicdiseasessuchasbirdfluearenotexpectedto

influencethesupplyanddemandstructureforsoybeans,becausepeoplecan'tchangetheirdietsforshortperiods.

A.extremely B.ironically C.entirely D.significantly

Thefirmshouldmakeasubstantialprofit satisfactorylaborrelationsaremaintained.

A.unless B.withtheresultthat C.providedthat D.incase

Certainlayersoftheatmospherehavespecialnames .

whichindicatedtheircharacterproperties

whosecharacteristicpropertiesareindicating

whatcharacterizetheirindicatedproperties

thatindicatetheircharacteristicproperties

Heismuchtoo inhiswritings:hewritesapagewhenasentenceshouldsuffice.

A.devious B.lucid C.efficient D.verbose

Earlierthisweek,theU.S.ernmentorderedafreezeontheassetsofKindHearts,aToledo-basedgroup funnelingmoneytothemilitantanizationHamas.

A.edof B.accusedof C.chargedwith D.dealtwith

Shelivesentirelyalone therats,bats,mothsandmice.

A.inspiteof B.besides C.apartfrom D.letalone

Consideringherreputationasagourmet,thedinnersheservedwasonly

A.medium B.moderate C.mediocre D.intermediate

2

Theincrediblethingaboutephones acrossthecontinents,butthatyoucanrecognizetheother'svoice.

isnotthatpeoplecaninstantlytalktoeachother

isthatpeoplecantalkinstantlytoeachother

isitprovidesinstanttalkingtoeachother

isitallowspeopletotalkinstantly

incaseswherecomplicatedproceduresareneeded,theuseofplasticisgenerallyacost-savingprocedurethatcsomakeaproductseemshinyanddesirable.

A.Thereare B.Eventhough C.Except D.How

Thebenefitsofstair-climbinggainedattentionin1968,whenfitness Dr.KennethCooperpromotedaerobicexerciseasagoodwaytostrengthenmusclesandbuildendurance.

A.strategy B.guru C.peer D.tack

EventhoughDNAisastrongmolecule, breaksandinadvertentchangeswhichcannotbedetected.

itissusceptiblefor

itssusceptibilityto

thesusceptibilityof

itissusceptibleto

PartThreeClozeTest(15minutes,10points)

Directions:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.

Narrativecoversseveraldifferenttypesofwriting.Itmaytaketheformofareportwhichhastobedeliveredtosomeone41authority,ofanewsprarticleforpublicinterest,orpartofanexcitingstory.Eachformwilldiffer42instylefromtheothers.

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Areport,forexample,isconcernedtogiveexactfactswithrelevantdetails,all43inchronologicalorder.Thereportsfromtwopeoplewhohaveobservedcarefullythesameincidentshouldbefairly 44bothinstyleandcontent.

Thestorywrittenforenjoyment,however,requiresfarmorecreativeskill.Thestyle,choiceofwords,sentencelengthandatmospheregenerallyvaryaccordingtothe

45ofwhatisbeingrelated.Tense,fast-movingormysterioussituationsusuallydemandsimplewordsandshortsentenceswithpossiblesuddenquestionsorexclamations,abrupt pletestatements,repetitions—46whichwouldbeoutofplaceinmostotherformsofwriting.

Anothercharacteristicofaparagraphoressayisthe47ofdescriptivedetailwhichmayemphasizethedominantimpressionormaycontraststronglywithit.

Thenewspraccountshouldcombinecertaincharacteristicsofthetwo,thepreponderanceofeach48accordingtothedegreeofplainfactorofvividnessrequiredforthepassage.Areportonaninternationalconference,aParliamentarydebate,anewlawwill49beconfinedtofacts.Aneye-witnessaccountofavolcaniceruption,ashipwreck,ariot,50lessconcernedwithcreatingatmospherethanthefictional

narrative,will,ifwellwritten,trytopresentapicturethatthereaderwillfindabsorbing.

PartFourReadingComprehension(45minutes,25points)

SectionA(20minutes,15points)

Directions:Eachofthepassagebelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

Passage1

Asoneoftheworld'sepoakingbooks,Bacon'sEssayshaddonemuchtomoldanddirectthecharacterofmanyindividuals.ItalmostinevitablychallengescomparisonwithMontaingne'sEssays,inasmuchasonlysomeseventeenyears

4

separatedthepublicationoftheeditions.BaconlackedMontaigne'slightnessoftouchandpiquantpicturesquenessinstatingobvioustruthssoastomakethemlooklikenew;whileMontaigne,inturn,wasentirelydestituteofthegreatEnglishessayist'smarvelouspenetrationintotheverysoulofthings,andofhissuperbratiocinativefaculty.IfMontaignewasthegreaterliteraryartist,Baconwastheprofoundermoral

andinlectualforce.

Bacon'sEssaysaretheworkofamanwho,inperceptatleast,hadadeepreverenceformoralprinciple.Noneotherthanoneentertainingsuchsentimentscouldhavesaidashehasdone:"Amanthathathnovirtueinhimselfeverenviethvirtueinothers";"Powertodogoodisthetrueandlawfulendofaspiring,foodthoughts(thoughGodacceptthem)yettowardsmenarelittlebetterthangooddreams,except

theybeputinact";and"Thedesireofpowerinexcesscausedtheanglestofall;thedesireofknowledgeinexcesscausedmantofall;butincharity(goodness)thereisnoexcess,neitherangelormancomeindangerbyit."

Thewriteroftheseessayswasalsoamanwhotheoreticallycherishedaprofoundloveandrespectforjustice:"Theprincipaldutyofajudgeistosuppressforceandfraud";"Letnomanweaklyconceivethatjustlawsandtruepolicyhaveanyantipathy,fortheyarelikethespiritsandsinews,thatonemoveswiththeother";and"Suspicionsamongstthoughtsarelikebatsamongstbirds;theyneverflybytwilight.Theydisposekingstotyranny,husbandstojealousy,wisementoirresolutionandmelancholy."

Bacon,moreover,alwaysmaintainsthesanctityoftruthalikeinscientificinvestigationandtheintercourseoflife:"Truthwhichonlydothjudgeitself,teacheththattheenquiryoftruthwhichisthelove-makingorwooingofit,theknowledgeoftruthwhichisthepresenceofit,andthebeliefoftruthwhichistheenjoyingofit,isthesovereigngoodofhumannature";orinmoralconduct:"Itisheavenuponearthtohaveaman'smindmoveincharity,restinprovidence,andturnuponthepolesoftruth."

TheauthorstatesthatBacon'sEssaysbeggedcomparisonwithMontaigne'sEssays

because

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theeditionswerepublishedwithinarelativelyshorttimeofeachother

bycoincidence,bothvolumeswerebroughtoutbythesamepublisher

bothvolumeshadthesameimpactontheworld

bothvolumesdealtwiththesamesubjects

IncomparingBaconandMontaigne,thewritermakesjudgmentthatMontaigne

wasmoreskilledinusingformallogicthanBacon

lackedentirelyBacon'sabilitytolookintotheverysoulofthings

lackedtheabilitytomakepicturesquestatements

waslessofaliteraryartistthanBacon

Baconbelievedthatgoodthoughtsofmen

areunacceptabletoGod

arenobetterthandreamsunlesstheyareputintoaction

aresufficientinthemselveswhethertheyareputintoactionornot

aretheresultofadriveforpowertoruleothers

Inregardtojustlawsandtrueprinciple,Baconbelievedthatthey

areopposedinpurpose

areinterrelated

havenorelationshiptoeachother

disposewisementomelancholy

Themainpointofthequotationonpower,knowledge,andcharityisthat

knowledgeandcharityare