高中英语必修1人教版同步练习及答案Unit4课时练习及解析

8人教版高中英语必修一Unit4课时练习I.单项填空1Unfortunately，atleast20minerswerekilled,22 and13 inthecoalminegasexplosion.Ainjuring；trapping Binjured；trappedC injured；trapping Dinjuring；trapped解析：句意：不幸的是，由于这个煤矿的瓦斯爆炸，至少 20名矿工丧生，22名矿工受伤，13名矿工被困井下。由于 22和injure之间为被动关系，13和trap之间也是被动关系，故都用过去分词。答案：BJoiningthefirmasaclerk，hegotrapidpromotion，and asamanager.Aendedup BdroppedoutCcameback Dstartedoff解析： 句意：作为职员加入到公司后，他迅速升职，最后当上了经理。 endup“最终”；dropout"辍学，退出"；comeback"回来"；startoff"开始"。故A项正确。答案： ATheperformance nearlythreehours，butfewpeopleleftthetheatreearly.Acovered BreachedC played Dlasted解析：考查动词词义辨析。cover“覆盖，包含，涉及，采访 ”；reach“到达，影响”；play“玩，打，担任 （角色）”；last“持续，延续，经受住 ”。答案：D—Youmusthavehadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight，didn'tyou?— .Actually，itwasabitboring.AOh，great BIsupposesoC Notreally DThat'sOK解析：句意：——昨天晚上的聚会你一定玩得很开心，是吧？——也不是非常开心，实际上，昨天的晚会有点乏味。Notreally“不全是，不一定，不见得 ”，从后面的boring可知C项正确。答案：CHavingintroducedthenewequipment，thecompanyturnedout in2009astheyearbefore.AasthreetimescarsBthreetimesasmanycarsCasmanycarsasthreetimesDthreetimesmorecarsthan解析：倍数的表达有如下几种形式： ①Ais十倍数十（形容词或副词）比较级+than+B②Ais+倍数+as+（形容词或副词）原级+as+B③Ais+倍数+the+名词（size,length,height等）+of+B④Ais+倍数+that+of+B⑤Ais+倍数+what引导的名词性从句。此题考查的是第二种形式的变形，作宾语的名词要放在 as...as中间，故选 B项。答案：BItisnotrarein thatpeoplein fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.A90s；the Bthe90s；/C90s；their Dthe90s；theirTOC\o"1-5"\h\z解析：表示“在几十年代”用“in+the+逢十的数词复数”；表示“在某人几十岁”时，用“in+one's+整十位数的复数形式"。inthe90s意为“在90年代"；inone'sfifties意为“在某人五十多岁时 ”。答案：D seemsasiftherewillbeanexaminationthisweek.AWhat BThatCThis DIt解析：句意：好像这周有次考试。 Itseemsasif..."好像是 ，似乎是 ”。答案：DWemust toallkindsoflies.Let'scalmdownandsettletheproblem.Acometoanend Bkeepone'sendupCputanend Dbringittoanend解析：依据题意，空格处应表示 “结束……，使……终止”，to后为终止的对象。答案：CIamvery withmylivingroom.Itreallyhasa atmospherehere.A pleased； pleased B pleased； pleasantC pleasant； pleased D pleasant；pleasant解析：考查形容词辨析。pleased“感到高兴的，感到满意的”，常用于形容人，多作表语，用在bepleasedwith结构中；pleasant“令人愉快的”，常用于修饰物，多作定语。答案：BThenumberofendangeredplantsandanimals increasing，becausealargenumberoftheirnaturalhabitats beingdestroyed.Aare；are Bare；isCis；are Dis；is解析：句意：濒临灭绝的动植物的数量在增加，因为它们大量的天然栖息地正遭到破坏。“thenumberof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数； "anumberof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。答案：CItaly'scaptainFabioCannavarowasofficiallynamedEuropeanFootballeroftheYear，though ofthefansseemedtoagree.Aeach BnooneCevery Dnotall解析：考查不定代词及部分否定的用法。 noone表示完全否定，notall表示部分否定，根据题意应选D项。答案：D（2012年安徽联考 ）TherearedozensofChineserestaurantsinChicago，butonlyafew fromtheothers.Astandout BtryoutCworkout Dbreakout解析： 句意：在芝加哥有许多中国餐馆，但只有几家比其他的突出。 standout“突出，显眼”；tryout“试验”；workout“算出”；breakout“爆发”。答案： AI myselfinmystudies.Inreturn，Igainedgreatsuccess.Aplaced BhadClaid Dburied解析：buryoneselfinsth.相当于bedevotedtosth意思是“全心致力于 ”。答案：D—HaveyouheardofthenucleartestoftheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea?—Yes， newscameas shocktome.Athe；a Bthe；theCa；a Da；the解析：从第一句可知这个消息是特指，故第一个空用the；ashock“一件令人震惊的事 ”。答案：A15．Fortunatelysomebodywhohappenedtobepassingbycalledthefiredepartment thefirebrokeout.A．hurriedly B．quicklyC．instantly D．shortly解析：四个选项中，只有instantly可用作连词，意为“一 就 ”。答案：Cn.阅读理解（2012年山东卷）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。AThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence－othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears，PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter，awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However，becauseitwasveryremote，NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit，bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted，whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate嶙酸盐）ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate，whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground；itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines，itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually，thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968，Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem－theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000，Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?AToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.BTogiveawarningtoothercountries.CToshowtheimportanceofmoney.DTotellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.解析： 作者意图题。根据第一段第三句 “Nauru'sheartbreakingstory...othercountriesmightlearnfromthemistakes.”可以判断作者的写作意图：告诫其它国家，勿重蹈覆辙。答案： BWhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?ARichandpowerful.BModernandopen.CPeacefulandattractive.DGreedyandaggressive.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的叙述可知在欧洲人到来之前瑙鲁地处偏僻，远离西方文明。因此可以根据这一信息用排除法逐一排除 A、B、D三项中的错误信息，最后确定正确答案为 peacefulandattractive。答案：CTheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom .Asoilpollution BphosphateoverminingCfarmingactivity Dwhalehunting解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段的内容可知：磷酸盐的过度开发导致了该国的生态灾难。答案： BWhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?AItsleadersmisusedthemoney.BItspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.CItsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.DItlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.”可以确定A项为正确答案。答案：AWhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?ATheecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句内容 Expertssaythatitwouldtake…Thiswillprobablyneverhappen."可以断定生态灾又t难以修复。 D项内容不符合该段内容，应以百分之九十的岛屿遭到破坏。答案：AL瓢 IL瓢 I』■II』-I（2012深圳市高三调研）Severalhundredstrangersreceivedlettersfromayoungmanonthestreet.TheletterwaswrittenandgivenoutbyYangYang,astudentmajoringinhumanresourcesatChongqingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,whohopedtoshowhisdisappointmentwithjobhunting.Yang'sstoryhascaughtmediaattentionperhapsbecauseitissimilartothoseofmillionsofrecentgraduatesseekingjobsandstrugglingforsurvivalinthecountry'swealthiestcities.Theyhavediplomas,ratherthanprofessionalskills,andcometobigcitiesinhopesofbetterlives,onlytofindlow-payingjobsandpoorlivingconditions.TheyareChina's"anttribe（蚁族）"，atermcoinedbysociologistLianSifromPekingUniversityinhis2009book.AntTribe."They'resosimilartoants.Theysharesmallandnarrowlivingareas.They'reintelligentandhard-working,yetnamelessandunderpaid."Thetermalsospeakstotheirhelplessnessinaworldgovernedbythelawofthejungle—onlythestrongestsurvive.AsurveyinLian'sanotherbookpublishedthisyear,AntTriben,foundnearly30percentofaantsaregraduatesoffamousuniversities—almostthreetimeslastyear'spercentage.Mosthaddegreesinpopularmajors.Inaddition,7.2percentof "ants"haveatleaamaster'sdegreecomparedto1.6percentin2009.An"ant's"averagemonthlysalaryis4,90ian,withabout64percentofthemearninglessthan2,000yuanamonth.Anothersurveyinthe2010AnnualReportontheDevelopmentofChineseTalentfoundmorethan1million"ants"liveinbigcities.“Mostantsarefromruralfamiliesorsmalltowns,andtheirexperiencesinuniversitiesdidn'tarmthemwellenoughtofightwithcompetitorsinbigcities'employmentmarkets,“ProfessorZhangMingatRenminUniversityofChinasaid.The“anttribe's"embarrassinglivingsituationshavebecomeasericiisproblem,andthegovernmentshoulddevelopsmallercitiestoattractmoregraduatesfrombigcities,Zhangbelieved.However，“ants”expectmorestudyandtrainingopportunitiesinbigcit，iewshichkeepsthempositivedespitetheirsituations.【语篇解读】大学生就业艰难是无可争辩的事实，他们被称为“蚁族”，在大都市中默默地奋斗着，挣扎着，憧憬着……Yang'sstoryisintroducedinorderto .Aanalyzegraduates'difficultiesinfindingjobsBleadtothetopicofthearticle－“anttribe”CtellreadersastoryaboutthosebigcitiesDshowacleverwayofdealingwithpressure解析： 文章结构题。 文章用这个年轻人的故事反映出了就业的艰难，从而为下文导入“蚁族”这个中心话题作铺垫。答案： BThe“ants”failtofindhigh-payingjobsmainlybecause .AtheyhavenodiplomasfromgooduniversitiesBtheirmajorsdonotmeettheneedsofsocietyCthosefromruralareasarenottreatedequallyDtheydonothavenecessaryprofessional