考研考博-英语-云南艺术学院文华学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南艺术学院文华学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalnicheHoloceneclimatestabilitywhichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservicesaquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systemswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

问题3选项

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

问题4选项

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

问题5选项

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者态度题。整篇文章作者都是客观地阐述了大城市的城市化对生态环境的破坏，但是小城市、小镇的城市化和生态环境结合起来就会产生良性循环。其中没有作者过多个人观点的表达。所以对文中的问题作者持中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources”，可知城市形态是由投机者和开发商决定的，绕过了对规划和资源的民主监督，这造成了空间隔离和环境问题。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.”，可知使城市地区在环境上的问题正是因为这些特点，即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的。可判断出these指代的就是上文提到的features，选项B符合题意。

4.词义理解题。wholesome“健全的”；righteous“正义的”；efficacious“有效的”；pernicious“有毒的，恶性的”。句意：相比之下，那些最典型的城市特征，与一些小城市或城镇结合起来也会形成一个更良性的循环。所以virtuous意思为良性的，只有pernicious不是它的同义词。选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.”，可知从郊区进入市中心的交通费用降低了，交通也可以得到更有效的管理。所以C选项中的unaffordable与文意相反。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

ThecommissionpresenteditsreportinJanuaryandthiswasbroadly______inJulyofthatyear.

问题1选项

A.encased

B.encored

C.endued

D.endorsed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项encase“包住，围绕”，B项encore“要求再演或唱”，C项endue“授予，赋予”，D项endorse“背书，认可，签署”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入动词的过去分词构成被动语态，动词的逻辑主语是report，由此可推断endorse“认可”符合语境。句意：该委员会在1月份提交了报告，并在当年7月得到了广泛认可。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.单选题

Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly（）.

问题1选项

A.raised

B.lectured

C.delivered

D.preached

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise“提高”；lecture“讲课；演讲”；deliver“交付，发表”；preach“说教”。deliveraspeech是固定短语，意思是“发表演讲”，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Thesalesmanapproachedthehousecautiouslywhenhesawthedogatthedoor.

问题1选项

A.carefully

B.deliberately

C.nervously

D.bravely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。cautiously“小心地；谨慎地”；A选项carefully“小心地”；B选项deliberately“故意地”；C选项nervously“神经质地；焦急地”；D选项bravely“勇敢地；无畏地”。句意：推销员看到门口的狗，小心翼翼地走近房子。根据句中“whenhesawthedogatthedoor在看见门口的狗后”可知cautiously在这里的意思应为“小心地”，因此A选项正确。

5.翻译题

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性选择理论

理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。GaryBacker是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。

在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

6.单选题

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

问题2选项

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

问题3选项

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

问题4选项

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

问题5选项

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲对有权势的女性穿着所出现的挑剔报道。选项A正确。

2.根据一二段的内容可知,选项A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正确,只有选项D错误。

3.根据第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."几乎无一例外地,很少有人去细究男政治家们的服装选择。所以,选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."当媒体强调女性的外貌时,这会在更大范围内使贬低和限制女性的态度持久化。选项C符合原文。

5.根据关键词"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它强调的是她的能力而不是一种娱乐。你理所当然地认为这不再值得评论。选项A符合原文。

7.单选题

Histalkwasgenerallywellreceived,butasforthestatisticshe（

）,Idon'tthinkallofthemwereup-to-date.

问题1选项

A.referredto

B.relatedto

C.adjustedto

D.appealedto

【答案】A

【解析】referto谈到，提及；relateto涉及，有关；adjustto调节，调整以适应；appealto呼吁，上诉。句意：他的演讲受到了普遍的欢迎，但关于他提及的统计数字，我不认为所有的数据都是最新的。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Idon’tmindabitifyoubringyourfriendsinforadrink,butitisrathertoomuchwhentenpeoplearrive（）fordinner.

问题1选项

A.unusually

B.excessively

C.consequently

D.unexpectedly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；unusually“显著地”；excessively“过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。

9.单选题

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

问题1选项

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉，感知”；B选项deceive“欺骗”；C选项conceive“设想，构思，认为”；D选项receive“接收”。根据句意“我察觉到他的腿有点跛，所以我放慢了脚步。”选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

问题1选项

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词。句意：因为父母不善于观察孩子的行为，所以离谱的行为将会到达一个难以掌控的比例。这个句子关键词是连词so，我们要连接两个完整的句子，所以答案选B；其他选项与题干结合都是把前面一半句当成从句看待，从句不能算是真正意义上的句子只能在句子中充当某个成分，所以A，C，D选项不能选。

11.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：父母经常面临这样的

：是做自己认为对孩子发展有利的事情还是坐视孩子毫无纪律的吵闹和破坏。

junction接合点，会合点；paradox悖论，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假设；dilemma困境，进退两难。空格后有“between...and...”，因此这里说的是父母在教育孩子时陷入进退两难的境况，D项dilemma符合句意。

12.单选题

（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

问题1选项

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这位演讲者通过巧妙的语言如此成功地表达了她的潜在信息，以致她的演讲得到学生们震耳欲聋的掌声。

语法题。考查部分倒装。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容词提前,句子需要部分倒装,故选B。

13.单选题

Likemostfathersandsons,wefought；itwasacoldwarlastingfromthe（）ofmyadolescenceuntilIwentofftocollegein1973.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.onset

C.drawback

D.offset

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。setback“挫折，退步”；onset“着手，开始；攻击，进攻”；drawback“缺点，不利条件”；offset“抵消，补偿”。句意：如同大部分父子，我们争吵；有一次冷战是从我的年少时期一直持续到1973年我上大学。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

问题2选项