考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Ithasbeenestimatedthataboutonefifthtoonethirdoftheworld’sfarmabletopsoilisbeingerodedataratethatwillseriouslyunderminefutureproductivity.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.weaken

C.determine

D.harness

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。undermine表示“破坏，削弱”；A项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞，激励”，B项weaken“减少，使变弱”，C项determine“决定，确定，判定”，D项harness“治理，利用”。句意：据估计，世界上大约五分之一到三分之一的可耕种表土正在被侵蚀，其速度将严重削弱未来的生产力。因此，根据句意可知B选项正确。

2.单选题

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管体育运动在Joe的家庭中占主导地位，但是当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动。

考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没，受打击，覆盖；affect影响，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影响。根据后半句句意“当这些运动影响到家庭传统和日常事务时，他会放弃体育运动”以及转折连词although可知，C符合句意。

3.单选题

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

问题2选项

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

问题3选项

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

问题4选项

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

问题5选项

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他们的志向是什么，几乎在所有事情上都会做得更好。”选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据时间点“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越来越多的研究表明，我们对相貌平平的偏见比以往任何时候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力决定一切。”选项A在文中没有提及；选项C相对于选项B和D来说更加准确，因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。根据关键词“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新闻周刊》调查了202名企业人事部经理，从人力资源的员工到高级副总裁，以及964名公众，只是为了确认不合格员工想要承认的事情：从招聘到办公室争斗再到晋升，实际上，看上去不错不再是我们认为无价值的或者无用的而不予考虑。”选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项D明显错误；所以只有选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的职业女性已经实现了“平等”：她们在劳动力中占据优势；她们是家庭的经济支柱；她们因为不得不颠覆性别而畏畏缩缩，不管是在会议室还是在海滩上。”也就是说，她们是不愿意颠覆自己的性别的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她们被认为太女性化、不够聪明、不够能干——不仅是男性，她们的女性同龄人也这么认为。”选项C符合原文。

4.单选题

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

问题1选项

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vivacious“可爱的，活泼的”；B选项perilous“冒险的，危险的”；C选项introverted“内向的，不喜欢交往的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的，赚钱的”。由and可知空格处与talkative（健谈的）表示的意思相同，因此选A。句意：喜欢穿红衣服的人更有可能健谈、活泼。

5.单选题

Assimilatingthereportincomputingrequiresmuchtime,forI’mnotspecializedinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.Digesting

B.Incorporating

C.Imitating

D.Compiling

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Digesting“消化”；B选项Incorporating“包含”；C选项Imitating“模仿”；D选项Compiling“编辑”。句意：消化这篇计算方面的报告要花很多时间，因为我不是这方面的专家。划线部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Theoldbeliefthattheuniverseneverchangesisquitewrong.Evenbeforetheinventionofthetelescope,astronomersnoticedthatbrightstarssuddenlyappearinthesky，andthenlaterdisappear.（1）Infactwenowknowthattheyarereallyoldstarswhichareslowlydying.Arecentcaseofanovaoccurredin1918，andoneofthefewpeoplewhosawthiswastheAmericanastronomerEdwardBarnard.Hewasdrivingalonginacar,occasionallylookingupintothesky.Suddenlyhenoticedastarthathehadneverseenbefore,andexclaimed,“Thatstarshouldnotbethere!”Hewasinfactwatchingtheexplosionofanova.

（2）Astheydoso,theyletouthugecloudsofmaterial.Sometimesaslargeastheearth,andtheseexplodeintospaceataspeedofabout8，000,000kilometersperhour.Whenthishappens,thehotterpartsofthestarbecomevisible,andthisiswhynovaearesobright.Althoughtheexplosionsarehugeonahumanscale,theyonlyconsumeasmallpartofthedyingstar’senergy.（3）Indeed,thereareevensomestarswhichexplodeonceafortnight.

Thereareotheroldstarswhichdonotdieslowly,butarecompletelydestroyedbyonegreatexplosion.（4）Theexplosionofasupernovaisequivalenttoaboutamillion,million,million,millionhydrogenbombsgoingoffatthesametime.Justbeforetheexplosionthestar’sdensitybecomeverygreatanditspinsataveryhighspeed.Amatchboxofmaterialtakenfromthestaratthattimewouldweighabout1,000tons,andthestarwouldbeturningatabout16,000,000kilometersperhour.（5）OnesupernovawhichChineseastronomersobservedin1054canstillbeseenbyustoday.Ithasbeenshiningforatleastninehundredyears.

问题1选项

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

问题2选项

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

问题3选项

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

问题4选项

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

问题5选项

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:E

【解析】（1）空格处后面一句话有两个关键点，一是infact,”实际上”的意思，表示与前文（空格处所填入的句子）是转折关系；另一个关键点是old的这个词，既然前后是转折关系，那么空格处会有一个与old相反的表述。综上，Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.符合题意。

（2）空格处位于句首，因此可以考虑是一个主题句，即后面的内容都是围绕这个句子展开。因此需要把握整段文字的主要内容：讲述了一颗新星慢慢衰落的过程，因此Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying符合题意。

（3）空格处前面讲述了恒星爆炸，空格处后一句讲述的是”甚至有些恒星会每两周爆炸一次”，言下之意是有些恒星的爆炸并不是只有一次，可能会延续很长时间，因此Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.符合题意。

（4）空格后的句子提到了一个关键词supernova，因此，空格处需要将这个概念引出来。再联系空格前一句中的otheroldstars可知Theyareknownas“supernovae.”符合题意。

（5）空格后的句子提到”中国天文学家在1054年观测到的一颗超新星至今仍可看见”，这个例子说明超新星爆炸后仍然可以长时间发光，因此Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.符合题意。

7.单选题

Itisstrictly___thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.

问题1选项

A.secured

B.forbidden

C.regulated

D.determined

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secured“固定，系牢；锁上；保护，使安全；（经过努力）获得；做担保”；B选项forbidden“禁止；妨碍；不准（某人）做某事；禁止……进入；阻止”；C选项regulated“调节；规定；控制；校准；有系统地管理”；D选项determined“（使）下决心，（使）做出决定”。句意：严格___，除少数人外，所有人不得接触机密文件。本句表达“严格规定”，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

FamiliaritywithWesternweapons,theassistanceofEuropeanofficers,relianceuponsteamships,allgavehisarmygreatsuperiority（）theotherarmiesoftheperiod,includingthoseofthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.to

B.better

C.over

D.of

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。superiorityoversth.“比优越；比……优越”。句意：熟悉西方武器，欧洲官员的帮助以及蒸汽船的使用使得他的军队……当时的包括政府军队在内的其他军队。本句表达“他的军队比其他军队优越”。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

问题1选项

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词复数形式。information是不可数名词，复数形式后面不能加s，所以B、D错误。allof后面接不可数名词时，名词前必须要有定冠词the，所以C错误。因此A选项alltheinformation正确。

10.单选题

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,therestofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofabadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

36.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

37.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

38.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

39.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

40.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

问题2选项

A.Toothtrouble

B.Sulfur-richfood

C.Toomuchexercise

D.Mentalstrain

问题3选项

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobaddeath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

问题4选项

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

问题5选项

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】36.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第一段中的emanatefrom最可能的意思是……”。定位到第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.（在大多数情况下，令人不快的口气emanatesfrom口腔中的细菌，尽管还有其他更令人惊讶的原因），根据后面的causes可知，offensivebreath和bacteriainthemouth之间应该是一个因果关系，是bacteria导致了offensivebreath，那么可以反推，offensivebreath是来源于bacteria，故C项“发源于”正确。A项“以……成长”、B项“解释”和D项“由……传下来的”都不符合。因此，该题选择C项。

37.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“下列哪项被认为是造成口臭的原因之一？”。定位第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth（在大多数情况下，令人不快的口气来自口腔中的细菌）可知，口臭来自于口腔中的细菌，而细菌通常容易造成牙齿问题，所以A项“牙齿问题”是口臭的一个原因。定位第二段第六句Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.（例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流得很慢，产生硫的细菌占了上风，产生了所谓的“早晨口气”）可知，含硫的细菌能够导致口臭，所以B项“高硫的食物”是原因之一。定位第七句Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.（酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动时用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭）可知，C项“太多的运动”也符合原文。定位到第二段倒数第四句Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.（压力也是如此，虽然不知道为什么），以及第五句Somepeople'sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.（有些人每次去面试时口气都会变酸）可知，压力也会造成口气问题，而D项“精神紧张”并不是压力问题，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择D项。

38.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是……”。定位文章最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精—大多数漱口水都含有酒精—会使口腔干燥，从而加剧这一问题）可知，含有酒精的漱口水会使口腔干燥，从而产生口臭，原因是唾液流动变得缓慢，那么推断，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是因为使得口腔唾液流动缓慢，所以D项“它影响唾液的正常流动”正确。A项“它可以阻止有害细菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用，并不是酒精，属于张冠李戴。B项“它的气味增加了死亡的危险”和C项“它杀死一些有益的细菌”没提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择D项。

39.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“漱口水不能有效治疗口臭，主要是因为……”。定位到最后一段，Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.（一些漱口水声称能杀死导致口腔异味的细菌。问题是，它们不一定能触及所有有害细菌。在厚厚的黏液层下，大多数细菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害。）可知，漱口水不能治疗口臭是因为厚厚的黏液层覆盖了有害细菌，所以漱口水不能触及到所有的有害细菌，B项“它们不能接触到所有有害的细菌”正确。A项“它们不能长时间掩盖臭味”，这和治疗口臭无关，属于出处错位。C项“它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟”没有提到，属于无中生有。D项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层”属于曲解原文，漱口水不能治疗口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液层使得漱口水不能接触到所有的有害细菌，并不是不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层的原因。因此，该题选择B项。

40.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章我们可以推断出……”。文章前两段描述了引起口臭的多种原因，包括酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动等使口腔干燥的因素，后两段阐述了能够增加唾液流动和掩盖口臭的方法，综合可以推断，引起口臭的因素有很多，所以并不是很容易治好，A项“口臭不容易治好”正确。定位第二段倒数第二句Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.（随着年龄的增长，唾液的流动会逐渐减慢，这也解释了为什么老年人比年轻人更容易出现口臭问题），原文提到了老年人比年轻人更容易口臭的原因，但B项“老年人对口臭不太反感”并未提及，也无从推断，属于无中生有。原文提到了酒精会使口腔干燥，从而导致口臭，所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影响，C项“酗酒者受口臭的影响较小”和D项“口臭受酒精的影响较小”都属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择A项。

11.单选题

Producingelasticthroughchemicalsynthesisisatediousprocessconsumingthreemonths.

问题1选项

A.thebetterhalfof

B.forthebetterof

C.allthebetterfor

D.thebetterpartof

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:通过化学合成生产弹性是很烦的一个过程，会花费大约三个月的时间（三个月大部分的时间）。

thebetterpartof大多数。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】尽管美国人的确认为教育是通向成功的阶梯，但他们并不确定，作为学校教育主要目的的知识成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人们认为争强好胜甚至带有侵略性的个性，对取得成功很重要，特别是对男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培养也非常重要。

为了帮助美国人培养这些另外的重要技能，学校在日常生活中增加了大量课外活动。高中和大学尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小学。

田径运动，常被称为“竞技体育”，可能是这些活动中最重要的。足球、篮球和棒球队对学生，尤其是男生来说，被视为非常重要的“求胜精神”。有时，对于一些学生和家长来说，运动队似乎比学校提供的学术课程更为重要。

13.单选题

Totestthe（

）ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simply

investigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.

问题1选项

A.efficacy

B.universality

C.decorum

D.rate

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。efficacy“功效”；universality“广泛性”；decorum“礼仪”；rate“比率，速度”。句意：要想测试从一个研究领域借用过来的东西在充实其他领域的有效性，可以简单地调查一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领域所使用的程度。由“theextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领域所使用的程度”可知A项正确。

14.单选题

Thegovernment（）thediplomaticnotefromJapanforitsunclearattitudetothetradebetweentwocountries.

问题1选项

A.denied

B.refused

C.rejected

D.objected

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因日本在两国间的贸易问题上态度不明确，该政府拒绝了日本的外交照会。

考查动词辨析。deny否认，否定；refuse拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，是普通用语；reject拒绝接受，不予考虑；object反对，不赞成，与介词to搭配。故选C。

15.单选题

Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.pertinent

C.preventive

D.prevalent

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有关的；恰当的

C.preventive预防性的D.prevalent盛行的

【答案】D

【考查点】形近词辨析与语义衔接

【解题思路】原句主语为“关于经济前景的悲观情绪”，后文内容为“在20世纪70年代末的西欧国家”，只有D选项prevalent“盛行的”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合前后语义衔接。

【句意】20世纪70年代末，西欧国家普遍存在对经济前景的悲观情绪。

16.单选题

Withawidevarietyoffreshfruit（）available,cannedfruitisnolongersopopularasbefore.

问题1选项

A.personally

B.readily

C.rarely

D.properly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项personally“亲自地；当面；个别”；B选项readily“容易地；乐意地”；C选项rarely“很少地”；D选项properly“恰当地”。句意：随着各种各样的新鲜水果可（）获得，罐头水果不再像以前那样受欢迎。根据语境，因为新鲜水果容易购买，于是水果罐头不那么受欢迎了，readily“容易地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Between10and11:30p.m,asmostofthiscityiswindingdownforthenight,theFedExExpressWorldHubisrevvingupforitsbusiesthoursoftheday.

Some10,000workerspourintothecampus,readytobeginamind-bogglinglycomplexritualofsteeringpackagestocustomers’doorstepsontime.Hundredsofequipmentoperatorszoomaroundthe880-acresiteonwarehousetugs,pullingbehindthemtrainsofsilvershippingcontainersshapedlikehalf-igloos(圆顶建筑).Inanearsplittingoperationdubbed“thematrix”packagesorterscorralboxesintoasingle-filelineforatripdownatangleofconveyorbelts.

OnthisparticularnightatFedEx’slargestglobalfacility,workerswillsortsome1.3millionexpresspackages.Thatnumberonlyswelledwhenholidayshoppingkickedintohighgear.

Thislogisticalsymphonyhasbeendecadesinthemaking,theproductofbillionsofdollarsininvestmentinautomatedsortationsystemsandBoeing767cargojets.Duringthepeakhoursonthisnight,airtrafficcontrollersintheTennesseecitywillusherinabout150flights,anaverageofoneevery40seconds.

AnalystssayinfrastructuresuchasthismakesFedExanditsrival,UPSextremelydifficulttodislodgefromtheirthronesatoptheU.S.shippingindustry.Andyetasdominantastheyare,thestalwartsarealsovulnerablefacingafreshwaveofpotentialdisruption.

Inthepastyear,Ahasput4,000ofitsowntrucktrailersontheroadandhasleased40planesfromanairfreightcompany,raisingthespecterofthee-commercegiantpossiblybecomingacompetitorofthemajorshippersinsteadofoneoftheirbiggestcustomers.

Uber,meanwhile,hasbuiltafast-growingbusinessoutofferryingpeoplearoundcities,leadingsomeanalyststowonderwhetheritsnetwork