考研考博-英语-北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

（）mywife’sconsistentencouragementIwouldn’thaveaccomplishedmygraduatestudy.

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Butwith

C.Exceptfor

D.Exceptthat

【答案】A

【解析】连词词义辨析。Butfor“要不是”；exceptfor“除了，排除在外”，后接名词，动名词。Exceptthat“排除在外”，后接句子。没有butwith的结构，可排除。句意：要不是我妻子的一直以来的鼓励，我肯定不会完成研究生学习。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe___witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

问题1选项

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accepted“公认的；被认可的，被接受的（被大多数人接受的观点是正确的或合理的）”；B选项admitted“公认的；被承认了的（承认自己曾经做过的事情）”；C选项admired“被赞美的；被钦佩的”；D选项acquainted“熟识的；知晓的；有知识的”。句意：布林女士只在城里住了一年，但似乎每个来店里的人都很___她。本句表达“虽然布林女士在城里居住时间不长，但似乎每个来店里的人都很赞美她”，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.

Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.

Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedtheirthousandsonline,MobilephonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.

Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantmeansofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“opengovernment”initiatives.Theinternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchtelevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstosites,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpracticedbyWikileaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstopublishdocuments.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets.

Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbegeneralintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheagesoftheinternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatinitiatedthetransformationofcoffee-housenewstomass-medianews?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsupports“Now,thenewindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse”?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTaroleplayedbyinformationtechnology?

4.Theauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphtowardsnewjournalismis¬______.

5.In“Thecoffeehouseisback”,coffeehousebestsymbolize¬______.

问题1选项

A.Theemergenceofbigmassmediafirms.

B.Thepopularityofradioandtelevision.

C.Theappearanceofadvertisinginnewspapers.

D.Theincreasingnumberofnewspaperreaders.

问题2选项

A.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.

B.PeopleintheWesternworldaregivingupnewspapersandTVnews.

C.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.

D.Morepeopleareinvolvedinfinding,discussinganddistributingnews.

问题3选项

A.Challengingthetraditionalmedia.

B.Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews.

C.Providingpeoplewithaccesstoclassifiedfiles.

D.Givingordinarypeoplethechancetoprovidenews.

问题4选项

A.optimisticandcautious

B.supportiveandskeptical

C.doubtfulandreserved

D.ambiguousandcautious

问题5选项

A.thechangingcharacteristicsofnewsaudience

B.themorediversifiedmeansofnewsdistribution

C.theparticipatorynatureofnews

D.themorevariedsourcesofnews

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper.（1833年，第一份大众报纸问世，一切都改变了。）C选项“广告在报纸上的出现”，符合文章内容，报纸的出现引发了咖啡馆新闻向大众媒体新闻的转变，C选项正确。A选项“大型大众传媒公司的出现”，文章第一段提到，首先是报纸，其次才是媒体，因此A选项可排除。B选项“收音机和电视的普及”，文章媒体是继报纸之后出现的，B选项可排除。D选项“越来越多的报纸读者”，文章没有提到这个内容，因此可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.（最引人注目的是，越来越多的普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来）。D选项“更多的人参与寻找、讨论和传播新闻”，D选项最能够支撑此观点，D选项正确。A选项“从2005年到2009年，全球报纸发行量增长了6%”，这只是陈述一件事实，因此A选项可排除。B选项“西方世界的人们正在放弃报纸和电视新闻”，他们转而以完全不同的方式来跟踪事件。C选项“成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上”，也不能最支撑这个观点，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。B选项“计划回归咖啡屋新闻”，新闻行业正在回归到更接近咖啡屋的状态，但这不是信息技术的功劳，因此B选项正确。A选项“挑战传统媒体”，信息新技术的出现，确实在一定程度上挑战了传统媒体，人们在一定程度上放弃了报纸和电视新闻，因此A选项可排除。C选项“让人们接触机密文件”，信息新技术使人们接触到了机密文件，因为成千上万的机密文件被公布在网上。因此C选项可排除。D选项“给普通人提供新闻的机会”，文章所说“普通人参与到编辑、分享、过滤、讨论和发布新闻中来”，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.（原则上，每一个自由主义者都应该为此庆祝）以及第七句Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.（作为新兴的新闻的生产者，个人可以对事实审慎，对消息来源透明），从中可以看出，作者的态度是积极的并且谨慎的，A选项“乐观且谨慎”正确。因此A选项为正确答案。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources.（一个更具参与性和社会性的新闻环境，具有显著的多样性和新闻来源的范围），可推测“咖啡屋的最佳象征”新闻的参与性。C选项“新闻的参与性”，概述了最开始是咖啡馆是新闻的各种传播方式，而所有的方式共同具有的特点就是通过人们的参与进行相互传播和扩散，后文点明的互联网正在让新闻回归到前咖啡馆时的发展状态，使其变得更加具有参与性，C选项正确。A选项“新闻受众特征的变化”，文章没有提到是新闻的受众特征发生变化，可排除A选项。B选项“新闻传播方式更加多样化”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“新闻来源越丰富”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

4.单选题

Thatisindeedaharshstandard,andnottheoneIwanttogovernmylifeorthoseofotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.benefit

B.affect

C.damage

D.direct

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。govern在句中是“管理，统治”，A选项benefit“有利于”；B选项affect“影响”；C选项damage“毁灭，损害”；D选项direct“指导，管理”。句意：那的确是一个严厉的标准，而不是我想要的可以用来指导我的生活或其他的人的生活的标准。根据句意D项正确。

5.写作题

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

6.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestotheHRMofAmericancompanies?

2.What'sthepositionoftheexecutiveofHRMinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputinworkforcetrainingmainlygoeson（

）.

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyhirepeoplewiththeleastpossiblemoneyregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyseeskillsgainastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

C.Theyprefertohireself-trainedworkers.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeenemploymentcompetition.

问题2选项

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispositionislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologieshavebeenintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinginmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

问题3选项

A.technologicalandmanagerialstaff.

B.workerswhowillrunnewequipment.

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills.

D.topexecutives.

问题4选项

A.Americanfirm'sHRMstrategiesaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.HRMisakeyfactorinafirm’ssurvival.

C.ThecostofworkingtraininginAmericaishigherthanthatinJapanandGermany.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinHRM.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘下面哪个适用于美国公司中人力资源的管理？’根据文章第一段第三句“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。”确定B选项“公司认为雇员掌握技术问题是他们自己的事”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘在美国公司中人力资源部门的主管的地位怎样？’根据文章第二段中第三句“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.人力资源管理主管这一职位通常是一项专门的工作，位于公司等级制度的边缘。”和第四句“TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).持有该职位的行政人员从未就重大战略决策征求过意见，也没有机会晋升为首席执行官。”可以确定美国公司里的人力资源部门的主管在管理层中是非常没有地位的，在重大决策中是没有发言权的，所以C选项“他在公司里做重要决定时没有发言权”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘大多数美国公司投入劳动力培训的资金主要用于什么？根据文章第三段第二句‘Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.’可知，他们在培训方面的投资也主要用在了技术和管理人员的身上。所以A选项“技术和管理人员”正确。

4.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章主题是什么？’文章主要谈论如果竞争的优势取决于工人的技术，那么美国的公司就遇到麻烦了。美国公司不正确的人才管理战略，使它们的竞争能力受到了挑战。所以A选项“美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响了它的竞争力”正确。

7.单选题

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

问题1选项

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。句子结构完整，所以空格处应该是做修饰的成分。A项as引导方式状语，表示“按照……”，B项本身不符合语法结构；C项不应再出现谓语动词was；D项that在引导一个缺成分的从句，不符合语法结构。句意：托马斯•潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不讳地说出他所理解的真相。故正确答案为A。

8.单选题

Onemoretry,（

）youwillsucceed.

问题1选项

A.or

B.but

C.so

D.and

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑连词。or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。

9.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

问题1选项

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的（经过考虑而要做某事的意图）”；B选项view“风景；视野”；C选项goal“目标（想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图）”；D选项reason“理由，原因”。句意：他们买那块地的______是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境，这里指的是现在买地，买地是为了以后建办公大楼，A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

11.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（）brilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:porch“阳台”；B:threshold“开端；门槛”；C:edge“边缘”；D:course“课程；航线”。句意：作为学院最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正处于辉煌事业的起点。结合语境，故B为正确答案。

12.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.

Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmostprobablydenotesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearancet

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldaget

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashiont

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashiont

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlifet

B.personaldresst

C.individualhairstylet

D.personalfuturet

问题3选项

A.uniformt

B.variedt

C.unknownt

D.inexplicablet

问题4选项

A.uniformityt

B.formalityt

C.informalityt

D.diversityt

问题5选项

A.careaboutappearanceinformalsituationst

B.fashioninformalandinformalsituationst

C.ignoringappearanceininformalsituationst

D.ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在第一段中，作者认为人是……”。根据题干定位到第一段，Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare（我们中很少有人能满足于接受自己本来的样子）可知A项“对自己的外表感到满意”错误；Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（在我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们比生命中的任何时候都更担心我们的外表以及我们在别人眼中的形象）可知，人们在年轻的时候最关注外表，故B项“老年时关心外表”表述不准确；fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion（也很少有人有足够的勇气忽视流行趋势）可知，C项“远远没有忽视什么是时尚”正确，而D项“不愿跟随时尚潮流”正好与原文相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“时尚杂志和电视广告似乎把时尚和……联系了起来”。根据文章第二段第二句Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.（他们告诉我们，如果我们这样做，我们就能自信地认识新朋友，从容自信地应对各种情况）可知，时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚和自信联系在了一起，故A项“生活中的自信”正确。B项“个人服装”和C项“个人发型”是属于时尚的具体方面，不符合题意；D项“个人的未来”属于无中生有。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者的观点，时尚的原因是……”。根据文章第三段第一句Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（是什么导致了时尚的变化？有时，便利、实际需要或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就可以建立一种时尚），由此可知导致时尚的原因有很多种，所以B项“多种多样”符合题意。A项“统一”、C项“未知”和D项“令人费解”均不符合。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“当今社会更加自由和容易，因为它强调……”。根据第五段第二句Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（在合理的范围内，你可以穿你喜欢的衣服或做你喜欢的发型，而不是你应该的方式，因为这是时尚）可知，时尚就是自己可以穿自己喜欢的服装和发型，按照自己喜欢的方式来，由此可推断当今社会更加自由和容易是因为它强调非拘谨性，故C项“不拘礼节”正确。B项“拘谨性”与原文相反；A项“均匀性”未提及；D项“多样性”，这是导致时尚的原因。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“最后一段很可能表示……”。最后一段第一句提到Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，然后我们必须仔细选择我们的衣服），接着举了两个例子加以说明在一些正式的场合中应该选择合适的衣服，所以A项“在正式场合要注重仪表”符合题意。B项“正式和非正式场合的时尚”，最后一段没有做出正式和非正式场合的对比；C项“在非正式场合忽视外表”，这是断章取义；D项“在任何情况下都忽视外表”与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

14.翻译题

Economicsisnodifferent.Supply,demand,elasticity,comparativeadvantage,consumersurplus,deadweightloss—thesetermsarepartoftheeconomist'slanguage.Inthecomingchapters,youwillencountermanynewtermsandsomefamiliarwordsthateconomistsuseinspecializedways.（1）Atfirst,thisnewlanguagemayseemneedlesslyarcane.But,asyouwillsee,itsvalueliesinitsabilitytoprovideyouanewandusefulwayofthinkingabouttheworldinwhichyoulive.

Economiststrytoaddresstheirsubjectwithascientist'sobjectivity.Theyapproachthestudyoftheeconomyinmuchthesamewayasaphysicistapproachesthestudyofmatterandabiologistapproachesthestudyoflife:（2）Theydevisetheories,collectdata,andthenanalyzethesedatainanattempttoverifyorrefutetheirtheories.

Tobeginners,itcanseemoddtoclaimthateconomicsisascience.Afterall,economistsdonotworkwithtesttubesortelescopes.（3）Theessenceofscience,however,isthescientificmethods—thedispassionatedevelopmentandtestingoftheoriesabouthowtheworldworks.

Thismethodofinquiryisasapplicabletostudyinganation'seconomyasitistostudyingtheearth'sgravityoraspecies,evolution.

（4）AsAlbertEinsteinonceputit,“Thewholeofscienceisnothingmorethantherefinementofeverydaythinking.”(225words).

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

【答案】1.一开始，这种新的语言似乎毫无必要地晦涩难懂。但是，正如你会看到的一样，它的价值在于它能够为你提供一种全新的、有用的方式来思考你所生活的世界。

2.他们设计理论，收集数据，然后分析这些数据，试图验证或反驳他们的理论。

3.然而，科学的本质是科学的方法，即冷静客观地创立并检测关于世界如何运转的科学理论。

4.正如爱因斯坦曾经提出的：“整个科学只不过是对日常思维的提炼。”

15.单选题

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

问题1选项

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B选项frigid“严寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C选项strident“刺耳的”；D选项tedious“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又______，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，因此选A。句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱又可爱。

16.单选题

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybegameofsomekindfootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmaybemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandha