考研考博-英语-北京戏曲艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京戏曲艺术职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

我们的大多数感觉都是被动式的。以听觉和视觉为例，我们只是简单地接受和分析声音或光线。然而，触觉则有所不同：我们用双手主动地去探索和改变现实，因此我们在采集信息时的活动同样也可以改变世界…例如用一块粘土塑模或按动某个按钮。在提供人与人之间的直接接触中，触觉传递情感冲击；在提供人与世界的直接接触中，触觉成为现实的确切标志，正如：“掐我一下我是在做梦吗？”

【答案】Mostoursensesarepassive.Takinghearingandvisionasanexample,weonlysimplyreceiveandanalyzethesoundandlight.Touch,however,isdifferent.Weexploreandchangerealitywithourhandsvoluntarilyandthereforewecanalsochangetheworldwhilecollectinginformation,suchasmakingamodelwithclayorpressingabutton.Asameansofdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchtransmitsemotionaleffect;inthedirectcontactbetweenmanandtheworld,touchbecomesasignofreality,suchas“pleasepinchme,amIdreaming?”

2.填空题

Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadapassageandasummaryofit.Thenfillinthespacesinthesummarywithamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersOntheAnswerSheet.

ToughSensorCanTaketheHeatAnewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater,accordingtoitsinventorsatArgonneNationalLaboratoryinIllinois.Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.

Conventionalsiliconsensorsdonotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°F.ButArgonne’snewsensor,madeofceramicsandmetals,isnotaffectedbyhightemperatures.“Thematerialsinthissensorbehavewellthroughawiderangeoftemperatures.”saysMichaelVogt,acontrolsystemsengineeratArgonne.

Vogtandhiscolleaguesmadethesensorbyfilm-screeninglayersofceramicandmetalonaceramicsubstrate—thenfiringthesensorinanindustrialovenatmorethanl000°C.TheArgonneresearcherssetouttobuildasensorthatwoulddetectoverheatingcomputercomponents.Beforeanoverheatingcomponentfails,andpossiblyignites,epoxyinthecircuitboardsreleasesagas.TheArgonnesensorcandetectthisvaporandcutoffpowertothecircuit.

Thedevicesensesgasesbyapplyingasteadilyincreasingvoltageacrossitselectricalleadsandmonitoringcurrentspikesinducedasgasesreactonthesensor’ssurface.Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.

Thesensorcouldbeusedtomonitorhydrocarbonemissionsfromcars;today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen.Thesensorcouldalsomonitorgasesinindustrialchemicalprocesses.

Summaryofthepassage:

Anewsensormadeofceramicsandmetalscanendurecorrosion,vibrations,exposuretowater,and66__,whilenotaffectedby67__.Aseachgasreactsata68__,thedeviceappliesasteadilyincreasingvoltageandmonitorscurrentspikesinduced.69ofwhichindicatestheconcentrationofthegases.Conventionalsensorsontheotherhand,donotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°Fandcouldbeusedonlyto70__.

【答案】66.detectgases

67.hightemperatures

68.characteristicvoltage

69.the“signature”

70.measureoxygen

【解析】66.文章开篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一种由镍含量的材料制成的新型气体传感器可以经受高温、腐蚀、振动和暴露在水里……这个微小的传感器能探测到各种气体），其他几个在摘要提到了，所以这里需要写的是侦察气体。因此填detectgases。

67.文章开篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel'sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.（一种由镍含量的材料制成的新型气体传感器可以经受高温、腐蚀、振动和暴露在水里……这个微小的传感器能探测到各种气体），上一空已经提到了侦察气体，所以这一空应该填入抗高温，因为前面有否定词not，所以空格处填入hightemperatures。

68.根据第四段第二句话提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage（每种气体在一个特征电压下反应）可知，空格处应该填入characteristicvoltage。

69.根据第四段第二句话提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.（每种气体在一个特征电压下反应，而脉冲的大小表明了几种代表性有机溶剂的“特征”）可知，脉冲的不同特征暗示了不同气体，所以空格处应该填入the“signature”。

70.根据最后一段第一句today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen（今天的典型传感器只测量氧气）可知，传统的传感器在150°F以上的温度下不能很好地工作，只能用于测量氧气；所以空格处应该填入measureoxygen。

3.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

4.单选题

Thepolicemenareperambulatingthestreets.

问题1选项

A.percolate

B.permute

C.perjure

D.patrol

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.percolate渗出，过滤B.permute改变次序，重新排列

C.perjure作伪证，破坏誓言D.patrol巡逻，巡查

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词policemen（警察）和streets（街道）可推测，划线单词perambulating的意思是“巡逻”。因此，D选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】警察在街上巡视。

5.单选题

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Thefirstpriorityisto（）agoodreferencebooktoidentifythepestandchoosethemosteffectivecontrol.

问题1选项

A.concede

B.concise

C.consent

D.consult

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。concedev.“承认；退让”；concise“简明的；简洁的”；consent“同意；赞成”；consult“査阅；商量”。由空后的agoodreferencebook“一本好的参考书”可知D项正确。consultareferencebook查阅参考书。句意：首要任务就是查阅好的参考书来确定害虫并选择最有效的控制方法。

7.单选题

TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994（

）inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.

问题1选项

A.genocide

B.immigration

C.discrimination

D.election

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。genocide“种族灭绝，种族屠杀”；immigration“移民”；discrimination“歧视，区别”；election“选举；当选”。句意：联合国安理会于1995年建立了卢旺达国际刑事法庭，来审判1994年导致八十多万人死亡的卢旺达大屠杀中被指控的凶手。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

问题3选项

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

问题4选项

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者主要关注的是……”。文章一开始讲述了19世纪摄影家为确立摄影是艺术而提出的种种依据，并把绘画和摄影作比较，来反驳否定摄影的论点，第二段和第三段阐述了即使摄影被确立为一门艺术，当代严肃的摄影师仍然声称自己绝不是创作艺术作品，接着作者用抽象表现主义绘画和古典现代主义绘画进行举例，证明摄影更多的是关注自身的主题而非艺术，最后总结摄影宣传会使公众忘记摄影是一种艺术。综上所知，文章中的作者主要关注的是当代严肃的摄影师对艺术的态度，所以C项“解释当代严肃的摄影师对摄影艺术的态度，并将这些态度放在他们的历史背景中”符合题意。A项“定义现代主义对艺术的态度”、B项“解释摄影是如何成为一门艺术的”和D项“定义当代严肃的摄影师对他们的艺术采取的各种方法，并评估这些方法的价值”都只是部分提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干意思是“下面哪个形容词最好地描述了作者在第2段中描述的‘现代主义的胜利所强加的艺术概念’？”。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句话ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.（这说明他们就是把现代主义胜利所强加的艺术概念视为合理的，其合理程度是：艺术越强，对艺术的传统目的破坏得越大。），结合第二段倒数第三句有提到Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（严肃的摄影师都声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自我，但绝不是创作艺术作品。）可知，严肃的摄影师虽然声称自己不是在创作艺术作品，但是他们却把现代主义胜利强加的艺术概念视为合理的，可推理这是一种矛盾的现象，所以D项“矛盾的”正确。A项“客观的”、B项“机械的，呆板的”和C项“肤浅的”都不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者为什么要介绍抽象表现主义画家？”。根据题干中的关键信息定位到第三段第二句Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.（例如，这些认为通过拍照可以摆脱绘画所表现的艺术的矫饰的摄影家，使我们想起了那些抽象表现主义画家，他们想象着通过专注于绘画的物理行为来摆脱古典现代主义绘画的严肃思想），结合第二段提到的Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.（严肃的摄影师都声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自我，但绝不是创作艺术作品。）推断，作者在第三段介绍抽象表现主义画家的例子，是要举例说明这些画家也如同当代严肃的摄影家一样，摆脱了传统的艺术目的，故A项“他要列举这样艺术家的例子，他们像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统上被接受的现代艺术目的”正确。B项“他想在抽象表现主义画家和古典现代主义画家之间找出相似点”不符合原文。C项“他要在流行艺术家和其它艺术家之间作一个对比”，文中在此处介绍抽象表现主义画家是想和当代严肃的摄影家进行类比，而不是流行艺术家和其他艺术家的对比，所以C项不选。D项“他想解释为什么严肃摄影，像其它当代视觉形式一样不是艺术，而且也不应当充作艺术”，文中没有提到其他当代视觉艺术形式不是艺术。因此，该题选择A项正确。

50.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“19世纪的摄影捍卫者是如何强调摄影的？”。第一段最后两句提到Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.（整个十九世纪，对摄影的捍卫与将其确立为一门艺术的斗争是一致的。有人指责摄影是一种没有灵魂的和对现实机械性的复制，摄影工作者却声称摄影不是复制品，而是一种特殊的观察方式，是对平庸视觉的叛逆，和绘画一样有艺术价值。），由此可推知，19世纪的摄影捍卫者认为摄影和绘画一样具有艺术价值，它是一种艺术，所以D项“这是一种可与绘画相媲美的艺术”正确。A项“他们强调摄影是一种让人快乐的方式”没有提到。B项“它是记录世界的艺术”和C项“这是一种公正地观察世界的装置”是当代严肃的摄影师对自己工作的声称，并不是摄影捍卫者强调的内容。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Yourstayabroadwillgiveyou（）opportunitiestolearnanewforeignlanguage.

问题1选项

A.ample

B.sample

C.vertical

D.empirical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ample“丰富的，足够的”；B选项sample“试样的”；C选项vertical“垂直的”；D选项empirical“经验主义的”。句意：你待在国外将给你提供……机会学习新语言。学习一门语言最快的方式就是融入一个纯语言的环境。根据关键信息stayabroad“待在国外”和后面的tolearnanewforeignlanguage“学习一门新语言”，在国外待着意为着会有更多的机会进行学习和练习语言。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildrencollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“令人恐惧的”；B选项“有希望的，有前途的”；C选项“冰点以下的，结冰的”；D选项“揭露真情的，有启迪作用的”；题干中chilling“令人恐惧的”，句意：分析表明，在孩子上大学和我们自己的退休保障之间的权衡令人不寒而栗。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.directly

C.quickly

D.presently

【答案】B

【解析】句意:警察一听到警报就马上行动了起来。

语法题。考查连词。分析题干可知,此处需填入连词连接前后句子。只有B项directly能够作连词，表示“一…就…”。

12.单选题

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,________moveaboutfreely.

问题1选项

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查逻辑关系。aswellas“也”；disregardfor“忽视”；letalone“更不必说，听任”；notmentioning“没有提及”。句意：乘客们像沙丁鱼一样挤在充满汗臭、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，更无法自由活动。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhytheyarealwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround."It'siniquitous,"theysay,"thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays.."

Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashing-machine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,ere,fromanadvertisement

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements,wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybye-lawwhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumnsofthenewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerfulwilyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialsradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice.

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe"smallads",whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe"hatchmatchanddispatch"columns;butbyFarthemostfascinatingsectionis!hepersonalor"agony"columns.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Advertisersshouldstopadvertisingandreducepriceofgoodsbecause（）.

2.Thepurposeofadvertisingisto（）.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

5.Regardingadvertisements,wecanconcludethatthetoneoftheauthorofthispassageseemstobe（）.

6.Theword"they"inline3ofparagraph3,refersto（）.

7.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorseemstosuggestthat（）.

问题1选项

A.criticsresentthem

B.theyhavesomuchtothrowaround

C.theconsumerpaysforallthecosts

D.advertiserscomeinforcriticisms

问题2选项

A.informthatconsumergoodsarecheap

B.inform

C.provideagreatdealofknowledge

D.bothsellgoodsandinform

问题3选项

A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B.Everythinghastwosides.

C.Wastenot,wantnot.

D.it'snousecryingeverspiltmilk.

问题4选项

A.AdvertisersPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunity

B.EntirelyUnproductiveIndustry

C.ThinkBig

D.GoodQualityProductsDon'tNeedtoBeAdvertised

问题5选项

A.critical

B.positive

C.negative

D.neutral

问题6选项

A.lotsofpeople

B.thesedays

C.advertisements

D.“they”inthefirstsentence

问题7选项

A.advertisementsareeverywhere

B.advertisementsarealotoffun

C.advertisementsareunnecessarilycostly

D.advertisementsmakeproductscheaper

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays..”可知,选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的四五句“Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.”可知,广告除了推销产品,还有提供信息的功能,所以选项D正确。

3.选项A“上帝帮助自助之人”；选项B“每一样事物都有两个方面”；选项C“不浪费,不匮乏”；选项D“覆水难收”。根据第四段的第一句“Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.”前两段作者描述了广告对消费者的负面影响,最后两段又讲述了广告的积极影响,所以选项B最为恰当。

4.作者在文章前两段讲述了广告对消费者的负面影响,但又提到广告可以提供信息等其他积极作用。这是先抑后扬的写作手法,目的是为了突出后面的积极作用,所以选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段末句“It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!”可以看出,作者的态度是积极的,选项B正确。

6.根据原文,“they”很有趣,接下来列举了一下例子,由此可推测,这里的“they”指的是广告,选项C正确。

7.根据最后一段最后两句,报纸上没有任何其他文章能提供如此有趣的阅读,或提供对人性如此深刻的洞察。这是最好的广告!由此可知,作者主要强调的是广告的有趣性,所以选项B正确。

14.单选题

Ididn’tcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI（）.

问题1选项

A.shouldhave

B.mayhave

C.musthave

D.shallhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。A选项shouldhave“本该做却没有做”；B选项mayhave通常接过去分词，用于虚拟语气，表示“过去可能”；C选项musthavedone表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过），如果musthavedone与bynow连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作；D选项shallhavedone通常用来表示将来完成时。句意：我没有打电话订机票，但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

问题1选项

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

问题1选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句和强调句型。该句的第一个that引导的是宾语从句，做hehad的宾语，因此空格处应填that从而构成强调句型。陈述句的强调句型为Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。该句强调部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年轻时所受的训练使他成为如此优秀的工程师。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Inthe（）ofthisearthquake,manynationalandinternationalcommunitiesofferedhelpandassistance.

问题1选项

A.sense

B.hope

C.case

D.wake

【答案】D

【解析】句意:随着这个地震而来的是很多国家和国际团体主动提供帮助。

考查短语辨析。Inthesenseof从…意义上说;inthehopeof怀着…的希望;inthecaseof至于,在…的情况下;inthewakeof紧紧跟随,随着…而来。因此D符合句意。

18.单选题

She（

）fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.

问题1选项

A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.couldbe

D.musthavebeen

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我第一次在会议上遇见她吋，她可能50岁左右。

语法题。“musthavebeen”表示对过去事实的肯定推测。由句中关键词“fiftyorso50岁左右”与“whenIfirstmetherattheconference”可知这里表示对己发生的过去情况的一种推测，故选D。

19.单选题

Thefirstthingpeoplerememberaboutfailingatmathisthatitfeltlikesuddendeath.Whethertheincidentoccurredwhilelearning“wordproblems”insixgrade,orcopingwithequationsinhighschool,orfirstconfrontingcalculusandstatisticsincollege,failurecamesuddenlyandinaveryfrighteningway!Ifassumethatthecurriculumwasreasonable,andthatthenewideawasbutnextinaseriesoflearnableconcepts,thefeelingofutterdefeatwassimplynotrational;yet“mathanxious”collegestudentsandadultshaverevealedthatnomatterhowmuchtheteacherreassuredthem,theycouldnotovercomethatfeeling.

Acommonmythaboutthenatureofmathematicalabilityholdsthatoneeitherhasordoesnothaveamathematicalmind.Mathematicalimaginationandanintuitivegraspofmathematicalprinciplesmaywellbeneededtodoadvancedresearch,butwhyshouldpeoplewhocandocollege-levelworkinothersubjectsnotbeabletodocollege-levelmathaswell?Ratesoflearningmayvary.Competencyundertimepressuremaydiffer.Certainlylowself-esteemwillgetintheway.Butwhereistheevidencethatastudentneedsa“mathematicalmind”inordertosucceedatlearningmath?

Considertheeffectsofthismythology.Sinceonlyafewpeoplearesupposedtohavethismathematicalmind,partofwhatmakesussopassiveinthefaceofourdifficultiesinlearningmathematicsisthatwesuspectallthewhilewemaynotbeoneof“them”,andwespendourtimewaitingtofindoutwhenournon-mathematicalmindswillbeexposed.Sinceourlimitwilleventuallybereached,weseenopointinbeingmethodicalofinattendingtodetail.Wearegratefulwhenwesurvivefractions-wordproblemsorgeometry.Ifthatcertainmomentoffailurehasn’tstruckyet,itisonlytemporarilypostponed.

Parents,especiallyparentsofgirls,oftenexpecttheirchildrentobenon-mathematical.Parentsareeitherpooratmathortheyfailedthemselves.Ineithercase,theyunwillinglyfostertheideathatamathematicalmindissomethingoneeitherhasordoesnothave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexperiencemathanxiety?

2.Howwould“mathanxious”studentsprobablyreacttotheirfailureatmath?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout“mathanxious”students?

4.Theauthorbelievesthat（

）.

5.Thepassagecouldbestbeentitledby（

）.

问题1选项

A.Primaryschoolstudents.

B.Highschoolstudents.

C.Collegestudents.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Slowdowntheirlessons.

B.Askmorequestionsthannecessar