考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆理工学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

SomestatesintheUShaveset（）standardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.

问题1选项

A.energetic

B.vigorous

C.rigorous

D.grave

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项energetic“精力充沛的，积极的”，B项vigorous“有力的”，C项rigorous“严厉的，严格的”，D项grave“重大的，严肃的”；根据空格后面的standard（标准）以及关键词mathandsciencetests（数学和科学测试），结合句子的语境，只有C项符合。句意：美国的一些州已经为数学和科学考试设置了严格的标准。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

问题1选项

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

问题2选项

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

问题3选项

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题4选项

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

问题5选项

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】56.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）也就是说生物多样性的减少是由于个体家庭数量的激增，因此A选项符合题意。B选项“人类正在威胁许多野生动物”；文章没有提到；C选项“近年来人口一直在减少”，不是原因；D选项“野生动物依赖更多的个体家庭”，无关项。

57.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第六段的第一句话Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在规模更大的家庭中，资源消耗的效率会高得多，因为更多的人分享东西。）因此A选项“大家庭在消耗自然资源方面比小家庭更有效率”正确。B选项“无论是大家庭还是小家庭都需要相同数量的自然资源”；C选项“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D选项“大家庭生活更节俭”都是原文没有提到的。

58.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）可知，小规模家庭的增多，意味着对自然生态的破坏就越多，生物的多样性就会减少，因此D选项“个体家庭的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“当地人不介意保护自然环境”，并没有体现；B选项“当地人应该进一步控制人口的增长”，过度推断；C选项“当地人口的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小规模家庭的增多，错误。

59.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段最后一句话Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（环保人士声称，地球上四分之一到一半的物种可能在下个世纪灭绝。）通过这句话可知，人口的增多，将导致更多的生物物种在下个世纪灭绝。因此D选项“下个世纪将有更多的野生物种灭绝”正确。A选项“下个世纪人们生活水平的下降”；B选项“下个世纪生活环境的恶化”以及C选项“下个世纪更多野生物种的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意题。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）都可以得知研究人员发现小规模家庭的增多，势必会消耗更多的能源，破坏更多的生态平衡，也就导致了生物多样性的减少，因此C选项“地球的生物多样性也与家庭的数量有关”正确。A选项“人口的增长导致了对自然世界更多的破坏”；B选项“动物数量的减少是由于自然界生物多样性的减少”以及“地球的生物多样性依赖于大大小小的家庭的平衡增长”，都不能阐释文章的主题。

3.单选题

Ourcartrunk（）withsuitcasesandwecouldhardlymakeroomforanything.

问题1选项

A.wentcramming

B.wascrammed

C.iscramming

D.wasbeencrammed

【答案】B

【解析】becrammedwith为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。

4.单选题

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析。句意:证券交易所今早股价大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新获得(所有权);recover恢复;restore恢复...存在或使用;revive恢复；复兴,多指某国或某一区域经济萧条后振兴。因此这里选B合适。

5.单选题

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

问题1选项

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。contribute“贡献，出力”；attribute“归因于”。词组attributeto通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

问题1选项

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。

7.单选题

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

问题1选项

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

问题2选项

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

问题3选项

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

问题4选项

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

问题5选项

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行为加剧了可移植器官的短缺。B项（政府政策的不作为）正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段第一行，该处讲到“政府对待尸体问题……，给我们社会中最弱势的群体一个打击（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又讲到“它造成的一个令人沮丧（depressing）的后果是等待名单上很大一部分人飞到国外从第三世界捐赠者那里购买活体器官，而这在英国是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在这里应该表示的是“谨慎的，顾虑重重的”。因此，B项“hesitant（犹豫的；踌躇的）”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人担忧的是，《人体组织法案》中明显的道德短视似乎影响了当代医学伦理学辩论的各个方面）。因此，C项（《人体组织法案》是重要医学研究的障碍）正确。

4.态度题。A项（死亡面前人人平等），B项（更多的科学家需要医学进步），C项（医学伦理学有双重标准），D项（死者应该与生者获得同等关注）。第一段反驳了A项；B选项偷换概念，排除；D项文章没有体现。因此选项C正确。

4.态度题。作者是对政府政策持批判态度的。因此，C项（美国立法者）正确。

8.单选题

Throughouttheages,（）acommonobservation（）certaindiseasesareassociatedwithparticularemotionsandattitudes.

问题1选项

A.it’s...that

B.it’swhich

C.it’sbeen...that

D.it’sbeen...which

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子意思，可知空格应该用现在完成时态表示从古至今，选项A和B可排除。又根据特殊句型，it充当了形式主语，所以that引导真正的主语从句，that无实义，只起引导和连接作用。选项C符合题意。

9.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WillteleportationbecomearealityintimeforGeneralRelativity’s100thbirthday?THEYEAR2015isthe100thanniversaryofthepublicationofAlbertEinstein’sfirstpapersonrelativity.(46)ThisrevolutionarytheoryofphysicschangedourviewoftheUniverseandopenedupmanypossibilities,suchastheuseofatomicenergy,whichhadneverbeendreamedofbefore.

Teleportationisonedreamthat’syettobeachieved.Insciencefiction,teleportationmeansdisintegratinganobjectinoneplacewhileaperfectreplicaappearssomewhereelse.ThetransporterofStarTrekisprobablythebest-knownexample.Ironically,alimitedkindofteleportationhasbeenachievedthroughrelativity’s“rival”ofquantumtheory.(47)AsreportedinFocus272,quantumteleportationinvolvestransferringinformationonaquantumsystem—thatis,asmallasimplesystemsuchasasinglephoton—fromoneplacetoanother.Suchexperimentsmayleadtoadvancesincommunicationsandcomputing:wemayevenseea“quantuminternet”.

(48)Buttheseexperimentshaveyettobescaleduptoasystemaslargeasamolecule,letaloneCaptainKirk.Besides,StarTrektransportersdon’tseemtoworkonquantumeffects.InoneStarTrek:TheNextGenerationepisode,Dataexplainsthattransporterworkbyconvertingsomeoneintoanenergybeam,thenbacktotheiroriginalpattern.Einstein’srelativitydidprovethatenergyandmassareequivalent.ButinThePhysicsofStarTrek(1995),physicistLawrenceKraussshowsthattobeamahumanmightrequire10,000timesthecurrentpoweroutputofEarth.

Teleportationisastubborndream.StoriesofmattertransmittersgobacktoEdwardPageMitchell’s1877novelTheManWithoutABody,withrootsinmythslikethe“seven-leagueboots”ofEuropeanfolklore.Ifweevercouldbuildateleporter,whatwouldwedowithit?

LarryNiven’s1973novelFlashCrowdshoweda2015transformedsince“displacementbooths”wereintroducedbackin1990.(49)Asyounolongerneededtoliveclosebyyourplaceofwork,citiesandsuburbsdissolved,whilepropertyvaluessoaredandcrashed.Thetitlerelatestoakindofpermanentfloatingriotthatisdrawntodisturbances.

IntheDoctorwhoserialTheSeedsofDeath(1969),anUN-runglobalteleportationcalledTravel-mat(T-mat)istheworld’ssolemeansoftransportation.(50)Thenetworkiscreakingbecauseofhumanfrailtyandmistakes,evenbeforedisasterstrikesintheformofaninvasionofIceWarriorsfromMars.WhenT-matisshutdown,withinhours“atotalbreakdownofsocialorder(is)predicted”.Thisstoryisametaphorforthedangersofover-relianceonasingletechnologicalsystem.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.这一革命性的物理学理论改变了我们对宇宙的看法，并开辟了许多可能性，如以前从未梦想过使用原子能。

47.正如《焦点272》所报道的，量子传输包括在量子系统上传输信息，也就是说，一个简单的系统，比如将单个光子从一个地方传输到另一个地方。

48.但这些实验还没有扩展到一个分子那么大的系统，更不用说《星际迷航》中的科克船长了。另外，《星际迷航》的传送器似乎对量子效应不起作用。

49.当你不再需要住在离工作近的地方时，城市和郊区就消失了，而房地产价格飙升又暴跌。这本书与一种永久的浮动暴动有关，它被卷入了骚乱。

50.由于人类的软弱和错误，网络已经不堪重负，甚至在灾难来临之前，就已经有了来自火星的冰战士的入侵。

10.翻译题

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(无菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源说),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.当我们发射宇宙飞船到其他星球时，尽可能使太空探测器保持无菌状态是明智的。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是这样做。毕竟，我们不会希望一个星球的污染波及另一个它们可能繁衍的地方。

但根据斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院的库特•米里科夫斯基的说法，这可能在几十亿年前太阳系统还很年轻的时候就已经自然发生了。因为库特•米里科夫斯基博士采用了一个有百年历史的“有生源说”理论，并证明了它的合理性。

2.有生源说理论认为，生命并非独立起源于拥有生命的各个行星（假设其他行星上也有生命）。而是从一个地方弹跳似的传播到另一个地方，每到一个新世界就将那里“感染”。在生物学、地质学和天体力学方面的专家的支持下，库特•米里科夫斯基博士在亚特兰大举行的美国天文学会会议上指出，这也并没有听起来那么奇怪。

3.除了空间组织混乱之外，向微生物开放的唯一通道似乎是陨石。其中大多数是小行星带上的少量垃圾，它们已经偏离航向。但是，有些岩石却被行星表面抛入太空，这是因为这些行星被更大的小块岩石撞击，这些岩石是大小适中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在这样的行星上存在生命，那么它的微观形式可能会像在地球上一样生活在深部的内部岩石中。加速起飞不会杀死那么大的东西。

5.如果一块岩石足够大，那么它扔出去时所产生的热量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能会产生不透气的皮肤，以保护更深层的微生物免受空间真空的伤害。

11.单选题

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

问题1选项

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据thelaws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。

12.单选题

Oncethe____contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

问题1选项

A.principle

B.principal

C.potential

D.primitive

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.principle原则；本质B.principal主要的

C.potential潜在的D.primitive原始的

【答案】B

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“抓住____矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解。”根据后文“一切问题就迎刃而解”推断，前文指的是抓住了主要矛盾，B选项principal“主要的”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项principle“原则；本质”，形近词，与contradiction“矛盾”不搭配；

C选项potential“潜在的”，不符合原句语义衔接；

D选项primitive“原始的”，形近词，不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。

13.单选题

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项primary“主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短的几秒钟之内发送并接受详尽的文件资料。这就使得人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司空见惯的事情。唯一的障碍是时区的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

15.单选题

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。particular特别的，特色；consequence结果，因此；possession拥有，所有；succession

接连，避承权。句意：我们没有足够的钱卖车票，所以只能步行。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

问题1选项

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。elite“精英；精华”；disenfranchised“被剥夺权利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剥夺权利的人”；reactionaries“反动派”；dissatisfied“不满意的；不高兴的”。句意：在社会稳定时期，很多艺术学院被教条主义者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有创意的作品必须由那些被剥夺了权利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教条主义者控制”及“realcreativework真正有创意的作品”的对应知“真正有创意的作品都是由艺术学院里被剥夺了权利的人来完成。被教条主义控制意味着被剥夺了权利。

17.单选题

Henry'snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

问题1选项

A.clear

B.integrated

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】词义辨析题。句意：亨利关于这次会议的新闻报道非常全面,

没有遗漏任何东西。选项C符合句意。

18.不定项选择题

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:else