(译林版)2022年新高一英语暑假精品讲义-第1讲：动词时态语态+题型组合练(教师版)

1动词时态语态+题型组合练考查动词的各种时态知识点睛我们新高一同学要掌握以下八种时态：考查动词的各种时态知识点睛一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时▇▇一般现在时经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常与以下时间状语连用morning/night/evening/day/week/year,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,seldom,never,occasionally,fromtimeto time,atpresent,twiceaweek,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardly,ever,never.如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Igotoschoolbybusfromtimetotime.Hedoesexcisetwiceaweek.如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.用于警句或格言中如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.如：WhenBillcomes,askhimtowaitforme.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.here,there开头的句子中。如：Theregoesthebell/HerecomesMr.Wang.Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.而不用进行时态。感官动词：hear，see，tastenotice，smell，feel（感官动词主动形式表达被动含义，因此没有被动语态）dislikelovehate，fearagreebelieveheatcareforget，mindunderstand表拥有：belong，have(拥有)，want，own，possess表心理状态：feel，want，prefer，wish，believe，know，mean，realize，think，remember表存在状态和持续：look，owe，be(is，am，are，)seem，suppose...

Ihearsomeonesinging.我正听见有人唱歌。

Doyouseeanyoneoverthere?你看到那里有什么人吗？

Whatdoeshethinkofit?他觉得这怎么样？

Itdoesn’tmatter.Doesithurt?(感觉结果)有些时候，一般现在时也可以表示一般将来时(1).移动的谓语动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，takeoff起飞，return，live，fly，return，open，close等短暂谓语动词Hestartsnextweek.他下个星期出发。Weleaveverysoon.我们很快就离开。Thetrainstartsat10o’clockinthemorning.火车将在早上10点开出。Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.Theplanetakesoffat11:30.(不受主观支配的计划)(2).在时间、条件等状语仍句中，一般要用一般现在时表示将来，而不用一般将来时hope，takecarethat，makesurethat等后的宾语仍句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavehere.练习：练习：( )---Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou thisjob?---Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….A.offer B.willoffer C.areoffered D.willbeoffered Hewillcallyouassoonashe (get)home. gets▇▇定义：在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。连用的时间状语有：yesterday,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening),lastnight(week,month,year),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsagojust等。如：Wheredidyougojustnow?表示过去发生的动作 如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.表示过去存在的状态 如：Theyweren’tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.过去“yesterday,lastweek...”“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本用法一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般不强调动作的影响，只说明的事情。如：IhadawordwithJuliathismorning.一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或仍句连用。如：yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in1993,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when等注意：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。文来表示。Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment，lookedatthecaptain，andthendied.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。(4).表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。Tomalwayscarriedanumbrella.Tom过去老是带着一把伞（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她是否常带着伞比较：Tomalwayscarriesanumbrella。Tom老是带着伞。说明这是习惯，表明她仌然还习惯总带着一把Tomisalwayscarryinganumbrella. Tom总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)usedtodo（过去常常做，而不那样做了）Heusedtodrinkalcohol .他过去喝酒（意味着他不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了Iusedtotakeawalkinthemorning. 我过去是在早晨散步（意味着不在早晨散步了）Itookawalkinthemorning. 我曾经在早晨散过步（只是说明过去这一动作）也要用过去时。Ididn’tknowyouwereinParis. 我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示）练习：练习：( )Willyoupleasesayitagain?I quite you.A.didn’t,hear B.don’t,heard C.didn’t,heard D.don’t,hear AShesaidherbrotherwasn’tinBeijing.He (go)toJapanonbusinesslastweek. went一般将来时定义：将来某一时刻即将发生的动作。(1).shallwill所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？(2).begoingto+不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?计划，安排要发生的事。 Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.有迹象要发生的事 Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.(3).be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.(4).beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：一般现在时可以表示一般将来时come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.的原则。如：WhenBillcomes（不是willcome）,askhimtowaitforme.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.用现在进行时表示将来意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I’mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?练习：练习：( )Noone thisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.A.isleaving B.istoleave C.hasleft D.willbeleaving B▇▇定义：表示当前正在发生或进行的事情，最常见的标志就是now。表示现在指说话人说话时正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)，这类的动词有：go,come,leave,fly,move,start,begin,arrive,stay,get,do,have,meet,play,return,see,spend,stay,wear,work,return等。HeisleavingforBeijing. 他将要前往北京。MikeiscominghomeonThursday. 迈克星期四回来always,constantly,forever,often如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.练习：练习：( )Danny .Don’tcallhim.A.willwrite B.iswriting C.writing D.writes It’steno’clock.Mymother (lie)inbed. islying▇▇定义：一个动作发生在过去，对现在造成了一定的影响和结果，并且还有可能持续下去。IhavelivedShanghaisince2015.构成：have/hasdone比较一般过去时和现在完成时：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。过去时常与具体的时间状语yesterday,lastweek,...ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等连用，而现在完for+,since,sofar,ever,never,just,before,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等连用，或无时间状语。live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。用于完成时态的句型：1.Itisthefirst/secondtime....that... ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.2.Thisisthe...that... ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.Ithasbeenconfirmedthat... Ithasbeenconfirmedthathisanswerisright.注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.sinceforsince用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（我现在已不在这里工作）Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.（现在我仍在这里工作）延续动词与瞬间动词(1).延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.（表结果）I’veknownhimsincethen.（表经历）(2).用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……”；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”Hedidn’tcomebackuntilteno'clock.Hesleptuntilteno'clock.练习：练习：Hisfirstnovel (receive)goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth. hasreceived▇▇定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景连用的时间状语：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while...如：Iwasdoingthehomeworkalldayyesterday.基本用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用如）n 那时，当时 tte 在这那时yesterdayafternoon 昨天下午 atnine 在九点 lastnight 昨晚（at）thistimeyesterday 在昨天这个时候但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？IwaswatchingTVathomeyesterdayafternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视。过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight等时间状语连用。From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale. 19831998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter. 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。过去进行时与频度副词always等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。(1).Mysisterwasalwaysforgettingthings.（表示埋怨）(2).Hewasalwayshelpingothers.（表示赞扬）过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。如：Sheaskedhimifhewascomingbackforlunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。一般过去时与过去进行时的区别过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说，用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信（信写完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在写一封信（信不一定写完）表示过去的状态感觉及心理活动的静态动（如be,like, love, hate, fear,see,want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。constantlyforevercontinually过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always,constantly,forever,continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如：Healwaysgotupatsix.他过去总是六点起床。Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他总是一心想到工作。(1).表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tomwasgettingupatsixo’clockeverydaythatweek. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2).与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：Johnwasalwayscomingtoschoollate.约翰上学总是迟到。when“（这时）”引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：IwastakingawalkwhenImethim. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义（详见过去将来时。如：IwasleavingforWuhanthatday.那天我正要去武汉。Shewascominglater她随后就来。练习：练习：( )Nobodynoticedwhatshe atthemoment.A.willdo B.wasdoing C.hasdone D.haddone BThey (watch)afootballmatchfrom7:00to9:00lastnight. werewatching过去完成时定义：一个动作发生在过去，对过去造成的影响和结果。构成：haddone连用的时间状语有：before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas如：Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.状语从句为过去时，主句动作发生在前时；Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.用hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等的过去完成时表“原......，未能 ”Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.在以下情况中，用一般过去时代替过去完成时。两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but等连词时，多用一般过去时。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.叙述历史事实。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.练习：练习：Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;Thechild (eat)everything! hadeaten▇▇的一种时态。HesaidhewouldcomeherethenextFriday.连用的时间状语：(1).atsixthenextmorning/afternoon/night,thenextday/Friday/week/month(2).thefollowingday/week/month/year(3).twodays/threeweeks/fouryearslater(4).after10o'clock, after10o'clockinthemorning,(5).when,after引导的时间状语从句。WhenyouaskedLiLeiforhelp,hewouldneverrefuseyou.结构：“would/should+”,should;would可用于各种人称。如：Shetoldusthatshewouldtryherbesttocatchupwithotherclassmatesthatterm如：Se，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：Ididn’tknowwhenshewouldwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.was/wereto+动词原形。如：Thebuildingwastobecompletedthenextmonth.was/wereaboutto+动词原形。如：Wewereabouttoleavetherewhenitbegantorainheavilyandsuddenly.考查动词的语态具体用法：考查动词的语态Hesaidhewouldstaywithus.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat.was/weregoingto+动词原形；was/wereto+动词原形；was/wereaboutto+动词原形等结构都可如：Theconferencewasgoingtobeheldthenextmonth.练习：练习：Shetoldhimthatshe (notstay)hereforlong. wouldn’tstay1．被动语态在各种时态中的运用1．被动语态在各种时态中的运用时态被动语态的构成一般现在时将来完成时am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willhavebeendone22．不能用被动语态的特殊动词look，seem，feel，taste，sound，smell，prove，appear等；Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。表示主语特征的词，如等，hardly，well,easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。Thispenwritessmoothly. 这支笔写起来很流畅。▇▇单句语法填空经典精讲We (reduce)emissionofairpollutantsinrecentyears,butcarsarestillmajorsourceofthem.经典精讲havereduced/havebeenreducing解析：由句中的时间状语inrecentyears可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时2．Thenhe (hide)behindatreeandwaited.hid解析：根据and后面的waited可知，与之并列的动作也应用一般过去时。3．Atayoungage,he (move)toSpainandnowplaysprofessionallyfortheFCBarcelona.moved解析：根据时间状语atayoungage可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。justgraduatedfromWestCoastUniversity.I (receive)jobskilltrainingjustbeforethat,butIhadneverworked.hadreceivedjustbeforethat处应用过去完成时。Doctorsandscientists (learn)agreatdealaboutsleepinthelastthirtyyears.havelearned解析：根据inthelastthirtyyears可知，本句应用现在完成时。It’sfunforamateurstotry,buttobecomegoodatit,notonly yearsofpracticebutalsonaturaltalent (need)．isneeded“notonly...butalso...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处naturaltalentneedisneeded。7．Anewbornbabywould (dress)inagownforhisfirstyearortwo.Thenhewas“breeched()”andworearticlesofclothinglikeshorts.Theusualcustomisthataboygraduatestotrousersaroundeightyearsold.bedressed解析：考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。8Agroupofpeopleparaded游行)hevillage,oofmdressedsa,goingoyhometoperforma songforgoodfortune.I (attract)bythisandfollowedthegroup,takingphotostosharewithmyfamily.wasattracted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。该句主语I和动词attract之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。Therearemanydifferenttaboos(禁忌)aroundtheworld.Atabooisasocialactionthatisnot (allow)．allowed解析：考查被动语态。该句是一个复合句，在thatthatasocialallow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。Themarket,which (call)TrainNightMarketRatchadainEnglish,wasopenedinJanuary2015andhasbecomeapopularspotforlocalsandtourists.iscalled指代e与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。▇▇单句改错1．Butyesterdaywehaveanargumentaboutthefootballclubs. have→had解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语yesterday可知，该句应用一般过去时，故动词用过去式2．It’snot the people you came across in your daily life who will stand by you in time ofneed. came→come解析：根据本句主要时态为一般现在时以及此处描述通常的情况可知，此处应用一般现在时。WhenIgethome,Isaidtomyparents,“Everythingwasgreataboutthecamping.IwanttobeateacherlikeAnnainthefuture.” get→got解析：考查动词时态。由said可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ayoungmaninTeheranboughtarealbed.Itwasthefirsttimethathehavebecometheproudownerofabed. have→had解析：Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.为固定句型。5 ．When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened. has→had解析：考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。6．OnceIwenttothemarketwithmymumforabigdinneronSaturday.Whenwewerewalkingpastthestalls，aloudnoisewascaughtmyattention. 删除was解析：考查动词语态。主语aloudnoisecatch之间构成主谓关系，表主动，故删除。thebestdoctorscalledforhim,hecouldstillfindnorelief.Ihaverealizedthathealthisworthallthemoneyintheworld. calledwere解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。主语thebestdoctorscall被动语态；这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用。ThenwegotoaKTVbarwherewesangmanypopularsongs. go→went解析：由从句中的sang可知此处是讲述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。TodayI’vegotwonderfulnewstotellyou.IhadbeenofferedajobatacompanyinEnglandformygoodperformance. had→have解析：根据句意可知，指过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。Toeveryoneintheworld,moneywasasensitivetopic. was→is解析：根据句意可知，表示一种客观事实，用一般现在时。用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空实战演练Let'skeeptothepointorwe never (reach)anydecisions.实战演练Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI (miss)halfofit.Idon'tthinkJimsawme;he just (start)intospace.I (ask)younottomovemyIcan'tfindit.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople (begin)toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.---I'msorrythatIshouldn'thavebeensorudetoyou.---Youdid (lose)yourtemperbutthat'sOK.Shirley (write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe (see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.Hiswife (hope)tocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.I (catch)intheheavyrainonthewaytothecinema.Ifoundthesentence (notread)smoothly.Whathehadsaidatthemeeting (prove)true.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?---No.He (leave)bythetimeIarrived.---Howtimeflies!It'salready10o'clock.---Oh,I (notrealize)itatall.答案：1.willneverreach2.missed3.was;staring4.asked 5.began6.lose 7.wrote8.hadseen9.hadhoped10.wascaught11.didn'ved13.hadleft14.didn'trealize语篇填空语篇填空(用括号中动词的适当形式填空)Welcometoourschool.I'dliketointroduceyoutoplansforourschool.Alotofwork1(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3(build)thesedays.Butwedon'thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades 4(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent，aplan6(make)forapartyattheendofthewhichwonderfulperformances7(put)on.Nowthegardenoftheschool8(improve)andnewtrees9(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.参考答案：1. hasbeendone 2.hasbeencompleted 3.isbeingbuilt 4.arecollecting 5.willbespent6.isbeingmade7.willbeput 8.isbeingimproved 9.arebeingplanted 10.isgoingtobepainted/willbe~edI.I.语法填空能力训练Askthreepeopletolookoutof1. samewindowatabusystreetcornerandtellyouwhattheysee.Chancesare2. youwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonseesthesamescene,buteachperceivessomething3. (difference)aboutit.能力训练Perceivinggoesoninourminds.Ofthethreepeoplewholookoutofthewindow,onemaysaythathe4. (see)apolicemangivingamotoristaticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesrushhourtrafficjamattheintersection.The5. (three)maytell youthatheseesawomantryingtocrossthe streetwithfour6. (child)．Perceptionisthemind’sinterpretationofwhatthesenses—inthiscaseoureyes—tellus.Manypsychologiststodayareworking7. (try)todeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworld around.8. (use)ascientificapproach,thesepsychologistssetupexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallofthefactors.9. measuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceive10. (total)differentthingsaboutthesamescene.the 解析：the”，为固定搭配。that arethat...“……”，为固定句型，其中that在从句中没有实际意义，也不作成分，但不能省略。different something，应用形容词。sees 解析：所填词作谓语，主语为he，故用第三人称单数。third “Ofthethreepeople...onemaysay...Anothermay“”，故用序数词。children 解析：childfour修饰，故用其复数形式。totry totry作目的状语。Using 解析：psychologistsuse之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。By 解析：此处表通过测量和绘……”，应填介词10．totally 解析：修饰形容词different，应用副词。