2021年儿科急救知识大赛试题及答案(共90题)

2021/r/n年儿科急救知识大赛试题及答/r/n案（共/r/n90/r/n题）/r/n1/r/n、/r/n9/r/n岁，男孩，/r/n10/r/n天前患咽喉痛，今发现颜面水肿，解酱油色尿/r/n2/r/n次，尿量减少，头痛，服中药后呕吐/r/n2/r/n次，傍晚忽然四肢抽搐，持续/r/n7~8/r/n分钟，就诊时呈昏睡状。首先的治疗措施是：（/r/nD/r/n）/r/n镇静剂/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n镇静剂/r/n+/r/n青霉素/r/n镇静剂/r/n+/r/n钙剂/r/n利血平/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n青霉素/r/n+/r/n速尿/r/n2/r/n、/r/n8/r/n岁患儿，水肿/r/n2/r/n个月，在外院诊断为原发性肾病综合征，用泼尼松治疗/r/n4/r/n周，现尿蛋白仍/r/n+++/r/n。患儿一直为低盐饮食，间断用呋塞米，/r/n2/r/n天前出现呕吐、腹泻，/r/n1/r/n天来患儿开始厌食、乏力、嗜睡、血压下降。此患者首先应做的检查是（/r/nD/r/n）/r/n血常规/r/n尿常规/r/nC/r/n•血气分析/r/n血电解质/r/n头颅/r/nCT/r/n3/r/n、/r/n9/r/n岁患儿，发热，兴奋多语，哭闹无常/r/n1/r/n周，口唇数个疱疹，颈/r/n软，心肺/r/n（-）,/r/n脑脊液：外观清亮，/r/nWBC100/r/nx/r/n106/L,N/r/n30%/r/n,/r/nL/r/n70%/r/n,/r/n蛋白质为/r/n500mg/L/r/n，氯化物/r/n120mmol/L/r/n，糖/r/n3.8mmol/L/r/n。最可能的诊/r/n断是：（/r/nC/r/n）/r/n风湿舞蹈病/r/n肝豆状核变性/r/n病毒性脑炎/r/n早期结核性脑膜炎/r/nE/r/n精神分裂症/r/n4/r/n、/r/n3/r/n岁男孩，/r/n5/r/n天前咳嗽流涕，体温/r/n38.5°/r/nC/r/n，曾诊断/r/n"/r/n上感/r/n”/r/n，对症处/r/n理无好转，精神差，嗜睡，间有呕吐，今晨起抽搐，继而昏迷，抢救/r/n无效死亡。脑脊液：外观清亮，/r/nWBC280/r/nx/r/n106/L/r/n，/r/nN20%/r/n，/r/nL80%/r/n，/r/n蛋白质为/r/n500mg/L/r/n氯化物/r/n118mmol/L,/r/n糖/r/n4mmol/L/r/n。/r/n何种疾病最可能/r/n（/r/nB/r/n）/r/n化脓性脑膜炎/r/n病毒性脑炎/r/n结核性脑膜炎/r/n败血症/r/n中毒性脑病/r/n5/r/n、/r/n两岁男孩，发热呕吐/r/n3/r/n天入院，轻咳。查体：/r/nT39/r/nC/r/n，意识模糊，颈稍有抵抗，心肺腹/r/n（/r/n-/r/n），/r/n双侧巴氏征（/r/n+/r/n）。应该进行的处理是：/r/n（/r/nA/r/nBCDE/r/n）/r/nA/r/n急查血常规/r/nB/r/n急查血电解质/r/nC/r/n降温/r/nD/r/n腰椎穿刺脑脊液检查/r/nE/r/n腰穿前静滴甘露醇/r/n6/r/n、/r/n男婴，/r/n5/r/n个月，生后人工喂养，经常腹泻，营养不良/r/nII/r/n度，/r/n5d/r/n前皮肤有脓疖，近/r/n3d/r/n发热、咳嗽、昨起气急，予红霉素治疗，今门诊体检发现两肺有中、细水泡音，诊断为金葡菌肺炎住院。入院体温：/r/n38.5°/r/nC/r/n，呼吸/r/n55/min/r/n，口周青紫，继续用红霉素并加用庆大霉素，下述各点中哪些是正确的(/r/nBCDE/r/n)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n住院第/r/n2/r/n天体温降至/r/n35.5/r/nCC/r/n未用退热剂)，呼吸/r/n55/min/r/n，/r/n血白细胞：/r/n3.5/r/nX/r/n10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，中性：/r/n0.68/r/n，淋巴：/r/n0.32/r/n，病情初步控制/r/nB/r/n、/r/n若并发肺大泡，一般不需外科治疗/r/nC/r/n、/r/n经治疗体温正常，胸片示病变吸收，不应立即停药/r/nD/r/n、/r/n当患儿出现气急加重，呼吸音减低时要考虑并发脓胸或脓气/r/n胸/r/nE/r/n、/r/n本病以两肺广泛的出血、坏死及多个脓肿形成为特点/r/n7/r/n、/r/n婴幼儿重症支气管肺炎合并中毒性脑病的处理原则有(/r/nABCD/r/nE/r/n，/r/nA/r/n、/r/n20/r/n％甘露醇静注降低颅内压/r/nB/r/n、/r/n氧气吸入/r/nC/r/n、/r/n抽搐时用抗惊厥药物/r/nD/r/n、/r/n抗生素加激素/r/nE/r/n、/r/n亚冬眠及能量合剂/r/n8/r/n、女孩，/r/n8/r/n个月。吃奶后频繁呕吐，眼神呆滞，意识模糊，前囟隆/r/n起。脑脊液检查白细胞数/r/n900/r/nX/r/n106,/r/n糖/r/n2.0mmol/L,/r/n氯化物/r/n109mmol/L/r/n,/r/n蛋白/r/n0.72g/L/r/n，最可能的诊断是（/r/nB/r/n）/r/n流行性乙型脑炎/r/n化脓性脑膜炎/r/n金黄色辅萄球菌脑膜炎/r/n结核性脑膜炎/r/n隐球菌脑膜炎/r/n9/r/n、/r/n临床死亡的特征应除外/r/nB/r/nA/r/n呼吸停止/r/nB/r/n瞳孔缩小/r/nC/r/n脑电图静止/r/nD/r/n面色发绀/r/nE/r/n脉搏消失/r/n10/r/n、/r/n生存链是指心跳骤停发生后获得最高存活得益于发病后尽快进行/r/n如下步骤，下列哪一种除外：/r/nE/r/nA/r/n识别早期危险信号/r/nB/r/n启动/r/nEMS/r/n系统/r/nC/r/n基本/r/nCPR；/r/nD/r/n除颤/r/nE/r/n心电监护/r/n11/r/n、下列哪项为锥体束损害的体征：/r/nKernig/r/n征/r/nLasegue/r/n征/r/nRomberg/r/n征/r/nBrudzinski/r/n征/r/nBabinski/r/n征/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n诊断浅昏迷最有价值的体征是：/r/n对呼叫无反应/r/n对疼痛刺激无反应/r/n眼球浮动/r/n角膜反射消失/r/nBahinski/r/n征（/r/n+/r/n）/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n13/r/n、/r/n一氧化碳中毒时首要治疗方法：/r/n20%/r/n甘露醇/r/n250ml/r/n快速静脉点滴/r/nATP/r/n注射/r/n冬眠疗法/r/n血液透析/r/n氧气疗法/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n14/r/n、氧疗不具有下列哪项作用：/r/n提高吸入氧浓度/r/n提高肺泡气氧分压/r/n提高外周动脉血的氧分压/r/n

/r/n改善外周组织供氧/r/n改善肺部原发病/r/n15/r/n、有关院外急救过程，正确的说法是：/r/n对大量的伤员首先应该进行分诊/r/n成批伤抢救时所有伤员均应尽快送至最近的医院抢救/r/n对于一氧化碳中毒的病人应就地抢救，不可搬动/r/n在现场对于所有的伤员均应彻底体检/r/n对于出血的病人均要用止血带止血/r/nA/r/n16/r/n、/r/nCPR/r/n存活链的关键环节是：/r/n早期诊断/r/n早期/r/nCPR/r/n早期电击除颤/r/n早期进一步生命支持/r/n早期脑复苏/r/nC/r/n17/r/n、下列哪项症状与低血容量初期的临床表现不相符：/r/n肢体发凉、冷汗/r/n心率增快/r/n脉压差减小/r/n神志不清，表情淡漠/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n血压正常或偏低/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n答案：/r/n18/r/n、当血钙低于多少时即可引起手足抽搐发作/r/nA/r/n、/r/n1.5-1.63mmol/L/r/nB/r/n、/r/n1.63-1.75mmol/L/r/nC/r/n、/r/n1.75-1.88mmol/L/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n、/r/n1.88-2.0mmol/L/r/n答案：/r/nE/r/n、/r/n2.0-2.13mmol/L/r/nC/r/n19/r/n、判断心脏骤停最可靠的指征为/r/nA/r/n心电图/r/nB/r/n血压/r/nC/r/n神志和呼吸/r/nD/r/n瞳孔/r/nE/r/n口唇紫绀/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n20/r/n、院前急救任务不包括：/r/nA/r/n平时对呼救病人的院前急救/r/nB/r/n通讯网络中心的枢纽任务/r/nC/r/n灾难或战争时对遇难者的院外援救/r/nD/r/n高级生命支持/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n21/r/n、呼吸机湿化水的适宜温度为/r/n30°C~32°C/r/nB./r/n31C~33C/r/n32C~35C/r/nC/r/nD/r/n案：/r/nB./r/n31C~33C/r/n32C~35C/r/nC/r/nD/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n22/r/n、正常中心静脉压为/r/nA．4~10cmHO/r/n2/r/nB．5~12cmHO/r/n2/r/nC．6~14cmHO/r/n2/r/nD．5~10cmHO/r/n2/r/nB/r/n33C~36C/r/n答案：/r/n23/r/n、急性肾衰竭少尿期电解质紊乱最危险的是/r/n低血钠/r/n低血钙/r/n高血磷/r/n高血钾/r/n答案：/r/n高血镁/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n24/r/n、胸外心脏按压的指征是/r/n新生儿心率＜/r/n60/r/n次/分/r/n新生儿心率＜/r/n80/r/n次/分/r/n年长儿心率＜/r/n40/r/n次/分/r/n年长儿心率＜/r/n40/r/n次/分，无呼吸/r/n答案：/r/n年长儿心率＜/r/n50/r/n次/分/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n25/r/n、急性肾炎患儿在早期突然发生惊厥，可能性最大的是/r/n高热惊厥/r/n低钙惊厥/r/n低钠血症/r/n高血压脑病/r/n中毒性脑病/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n26/r/n、急性肾炎合并急性肾功能不全时的临床表现/r/n严重少尿或尿闭/r/n氮质血症/r/n高钾血症/r/n代谢性酸中毒/r/n以上均是/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n27/r/n、急性肾功能不全有尿少、尿闭者，静脉速尿的常用剂量是/r/nl-5mg/（kg/r/n•次）/r/n6-10mg/（kg/r/n•次）/r/n0.1-0.2mg/（kg/r/n•次）/r/n0.5-1mg/（kg/r/n•次）/r/n0.3-0.5/r/nmg/（kg/r/n•次）/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n28/r/n、/r/n7/r/n岁肾病综合症患儿，激素治疗/r/n6/r/n周，/r/n2/r/n天前进食水果后腹泻，/r/n1/r/n天前出现水肿加剧，嗜睡，四肢凉，血压/r/n80/50mmHg,/r/n此患儿可能的诊断是：/r/n肾静脉血栓/r/n中毒性脑病/r/n低钙血症/r/n肾上腺危象/r/n低钾血症/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n29/r/n、/r/n8/r/n岁患儿，水肿/r/n2/r/n月，在外院诊断为原发性肾病综合症，用泼尼松治疗/r/n4/r/n周，现尿蛋白仍+++。患儿一直为低盐饮食，间断用呋塞米，/r/n2/r/n天前出现呕吐、腹泻，/r/n1/r/n天来患儿开始厌食、乏力、嗜睡、血压下降。此患儿首先应做的检查是：/r/n血常规/r/n尿常规/r/n血气分析/r/n血清电解质/r/n头颅/r/nCT/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n30/r/n、/r/n10/r/n岁女孩，因水肿、少尿/r/n7/r/n天入院。入院后病情逐渐加重，每/r/n日尿量/r/n30ml,/r/n水肿明显，精神差，呼吸延长，经治疗/r/n4/r/n周仍不缓解，/r/n临床考虑为急进性肾炎。现处理的重点是：/r/n5%/r/n碳酸氢钠纠正酸中毒/r/n用头孢三嗪/r/n环磷酰胺冲击/r/n保证液体入量/r/n甲泼尼松龙冲击答案：/r/nE/r/n31/r/n、/r/n急性有机磷中毒发生肺水肿的治疗：/r/n西地兰/r/n速尿/r/n甲强龙/r/n阿托品答/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n32/r/n、/r/n下列哪项是喉头水肿的临床表现：/r/n吸气性呼吸困难/r/n呼气性呼吸困难/r/n混合性呼吸困难/r/n以上都不是/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nA/r/n33/r/n、/r/n关于结扎止血带/r/n,/r/n下列哪项是错误的：/r/n结扎止血带前/r/n,/r/n应先加衬垫/r/n手断离后/r/n,/r/n止血带应结扎在上臂的中段/r/n每隔/r/n40~50/r/n秒/r/n,/r/n放松/r/n2~3/r/n次/r/n结扎不要过紧或过松/r/n,/r/n远端动脉搏动消失即可/r/n标明结扎止血带的时间答案/r/nC/r/n34/r/n、/r/nICU/r/n的床位数根据收治患者的范围而不同，一般占医院总床位数的/r/nA．1%~2%/r/nB．2%~3%/r/nC．3%~4%/r/nD./r/n4%~5%/r/n答案：/r/nA/r/n35/r/n、/r/n徒手心肺复苏时（双人）心脏按压与人工呼吸的频率比例宜：/r/nA5:1/r/nB5:2/r/nC15:1/r/nD15:2/r/nE30:2/r/n答案/r/nE/r/n36/r/n、/r/n男，/r/n12/r/n岁，因溺水出现心脏骤停，心电监护示一直线，有双人参与抢救，除如下哪种抢救措施外，其余措施均可采取？/r/nA/r/n、/r/n胸外按压/r/nB/r/n、/r/n人工呼吸/r/nC/r/n、/r/n电除颤/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心脏起博/r/nE/r/n、/r/n气管插管/r/n答案：/r/nD/r/n37/r/n、.对重症中暑的急救降温原则是/r/n2/r/n小时内使直肠温度降至/r/n37°C~38°C/r/n2/r/n小时内使直肠温度降至/r/n37.8C~38.9C/r/n4/r/n小时内使直肠温度降至/r/n37C~38C/r/n1/r/n小时内使直肠温度降至/r/n37.8C~38.9C/r/n答案:/r/nD/r/n38/r/n、/r/n急性脊髓炎最易受累的节段是/r/n颈段/r/n上胸段/r/n下胸段/r/n腰段/r/n尾段/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n39/r/n、/r/n急性肾衰竭多见下列哪项降低/r/n血磷/r/n血钾/r/n血尿素氮/r/n血浆/r/nHCO/r/n3/r/n血胆固醇/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n40/r/n、男、/r/n3/r/n个月，咳嗽、气急/r/n10/r/n天，痰较多。入院后予以头罩吸氧，测血气分析示/r/nPaO115mmHg，PaCO68mmHg，pH/r/n7.28/r/n。对该患儿酸/r/n22/r/n碱状态的评估可能性最大的是/r/n代谢性酸中毒（呼吸部分代偿）/r/n代谢性酸中毒+呼吸性酸中毒/r/n呼吸性酸中毒（肾脏部分代偿）/r/n呼吸性碱中毒（单纯肾脏代偿）/r/n代谢性碱中毒（呼吸部分代偿）/r/n答案：/r/nC/r/n41/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n1/r/n岁，因水肿、尿少/r/n10/r/n天入院。血压/r/n120/90mmHg,/r/n贫血貌，血白细胞/r/n8.7X10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，血红蛋白/r/n56g/L/r/n，血小板/r/n51X10/r/n9/r/n/L/r/n，网织红细胞/r/n6.3%,/r/n尿蛋白/r/n（+++）,/r/n红细胞/r/n3~5/r/n个/r/n/HP,/r/n血尿素氮/r/n18.9mmol/L/r/n。/r/n该患儿最可能的诊断是：/r/n急性肾炎/r/n先天性肾病综合症/r/nIgA/r/n肾病/r/n溶血尿毒综合症/r/nAlport/r/n综合征/r/n答案:/r/nD/r/n42/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n4/r/n岁，高热/r/n3/r/n小时，抽搐/r/n3/r/n次，神志不清，血压/r/n60/40mmHg，/r/n该患儿来集镇后应首先做以下哪项检查/r/n腰椎穿刺和脑脊液检查/r/n头颅/r/nCT/r/n盐水通便灌肠，检查大便常规/r/n血涂片找病原菌/r/nE./r/n脑电图检查答案/r/nC/r/n43/r/n、下列哪项对鉴别流脑和乙脑最有意义/r/n发病季节/r/n明显脑膜刺激征/r/n高热、头痛、呕吐、昏迷/r/n皮肤瘀点、瘀斑/r/n外周血白细胞显著增高，中性粒细胞比例增高答案：/r/nD/r/n44/r/n、女、/r/n7/r/n天，足月顺产，无窒息抢救史，/r/n3/r/n天来反复抽搐，呼吸急促。胸部/r/nX/r/n线片示肺炎，未见胸腺影，诊断为胸腺发育不全。该患儿抽搐的原因以下哪种可能性最大/r/n低镁血症/r/n化脓性脑膜炎/r/n缺血缺氧性脑病/r/n甲状旁腺功能低下致低钙血症/r/n低钠血症/r/n案：/r/nD/r/n45/r/n、男，/r/n10/r/n岁，突发胸痛/r/n5/r/n小时。查体：气促，左肺叩诊鼓音，呼/r/n吸音消失。胸部/r/nX/r/n线片提示：左侧气胸占胸腔/r/n80%/r/n，对该患儿最恰当的处理为/r/n吸氧/r/n胸腔穿刺抽气/r/n胸腔闭式引流/r/n保守治疗/r/n手术治疗答案：/r/nC/r/n46/r/n、/r/n男、/r/n10/r/n岁，为/r/nI/r/n型糖尿病患者，/r/n2/r/n天前出现发热，伴咳嗽，恶心、呕吐，今日起出现腹痛伴乏力，精神萎靡，嗜睡，诊断为“糖尿病酮症酸中毒”。此时对该患儿宜进行下列哪项治疗方案/r/n小剂量胰岛素，生理盐水静脉滴注/r/n5%/r/n碳酸氢钠静脉滴注/r/n小剂量胰岛素，/r/n5%/r/n葡萄糖静脉滴注/r/n小剂量胰岛素，/r/n5%/r/n葡萄糖盐水静脉滴注/r/n小剂量胰岛素静脉注射及皮下注射答案：/r/nA/r/n47/r/n、/r/n女、/r/n5/r/n天，/r/n2/r/n天来拒奶、不哭、少动。查体：体温/r/n35/r/n度，面颊、四肢皮肤暗红色，僵硬。为使患儿复温，最适宜的方法是/r/n立即放入/r/n37~38/r/n度的暖箱中/r/n立即放入/r/n37~38/r/n度的温水中行温水浴/r/n立即放入/r/n30~32/r/n度的温箱中复温/r/n立即放入比其体温高/r/n1~2/r/n度的暖箱中，每小时提高/r/n0.5~1/r/n度/r/n在一般病室中自然复温答案：/r/nD/r/n48/r/n、当急性肾炎出现血压急剧升高或高血压脑病时，首选的降压措施为/r/n利舍平肌注/r/n肼苯达嗪口服或肌注/r/n肼苯达嗪与氢氯噻嗪合用/r/n甲基多巴胺口服/r/n硝普钠静滴答案：/r/nE/r/n49/r/n、小儿肺炎发生心力衰竭的病理生理机制主要是/r/n肺动脉高压增加和中毒性心肌炎/r/n高热致心率增快/r/n高血压/r/n贫血加重心脏负担/r/n病原体毒素作用于心肌/r/n答案/r/nA/r/n50/r/n、男、/r/n3/r/n岁，诊断为化脓性脑膜炎，经治疗仍高热不退，今天反复惊厥不止，呼吸不规则，前囟膨隆张力高。此时不应立即给予下列处/r/n

/r/nA./r/n物理降温/r/nB./r/n腰椎穿刺放脑脊液以降低颅内压/r/nC./r/n地西泮缓慢静脉注射止痉/r/nD./r/n地塞米松静脉注射减轻脑水肿/r/nE./r/n甘露醇快速静脉点滴降低颅内压/r/nA./r/n物理降温/r/nB./r/n腰椎穿刺放脑脊液以降低颅内压/r/nC./r/n地西泮缓慢静脉注射止痉/r/nD./r/n地塞米松静脉注射减轻脑水肿/r/nE./r/n甘露醇快速静脉点滴降低颅内压/r/n案：/r/nB/r/n51/r/n、固体药物的吸收时间大约是/r/n5/r/n小时内/r/n10/r/n分钟内/r/n1-2/r/n小时内/r/n30/r/n分钟内/r/n1/r/n小时内答案：/r/nC/r/n52/r/n、解救新斯的明中毒的药物是/r/n5%/r/n活性炭/r/n注射阿托品/r/n注射安定/r/n注射安乃近/r/n注射利多卡因答/r/n案：/r/nB/r/n53/r/n、洗胃时正确的是/r/n所有中毒必须洗胃/r/n洗出液量约/r/n3-5/r/n升/r/n仅需一次洗胃/r/n不明原因中都时多用洗胃液是葡萄糖/r/n洗胃后可将活性炭加水注入胃中答案：/r/nE/r/n54/r/n、关于小儿中毒的说法不正确的是/r/n有多种中毒途径/r/n中毒是儿科急诊的常见病之一/r/n中毒常为急性/r/n是一种病理过程/r/n慢性中毒一般不需处理/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n55/r/n、现场急救的基本措施不包括：/r/n预防窒息/r/n止血/r/n包扎/r/n固定/r/n输液治疗/r/n答/r/n案：/r/nE/r/n56/r/n、心肺复苏四大技术不包括以下哪项：/r/n口对口人工呼吸/r/n胸外按压/r/n氧疗/r/n复苏药物/r/n除颤/r/n案：/r/nC/r/n57/r/n、全心衰属于哪一类型紫绀/r/nC/r/nA/r/n中心性紫绀/r/nB/r/n周围性紫绀/r/nC/r/n混合性紫绀/r/nD/r/n以上都不是/r/n58/r/n、高热是指体温超过/r/nC/r/nA37°/r/nC/r/nB38/r/n・/r/n2/r/nC/r/nC39.1/r/nC/r/nD41/r/nC/r/n59/r/n、抢救过敏性休克时/r/n,/r/n应首先选用/r/nD/r/nA/r/n多巴胺/r/nB/r/n地塞米松/r/nC/r/n异丙嗪/r/nD/r/n肾上腺素/r/nE/r/n钙剂/r/n60/r/n、判断心脏骤停最可靠的指征为/r/nA/r/nA/r/n心电图/r/nB/r/n血压/r/nC/r/n神志和呼吸/r/nD/r/n瞳孔/r/nE/r/n口唇紫绀/r/n61/r/n、开放性骨折的正确处理方法为/r/nA/r/nA/r/n必须先将骨的断端还纳后/r/n,/r/n再止血、包扎、固定/r/nB/r/n先止血、再固定、最后包扎。/r/nC/r/n立即复位后/r/n,/r/n再止血、固定、包扎。/r/nD/r/n止血、包扎后、不固定也可以。/r/nE/r/n先止血、再包扎、最后固定。/r/n62/r/n、异物插入体内/r/n,/r/n现场应立即/r/nC/r/nA/r/n拔除异物/r/n,/r/n填塞止血后送往医院/r/nB/r/n拔除异物/r/n,/r/n加压包扎止血后送往医院/r/nC/r/n不拔除异物/r/n,/r/n采取简单固定包扎措施后送往医院/r/nD/r/n不要延误/r/n,/r/n立即将伤员送往医院/r/nE/r/n以上方法均正确/r/n多选题：/r/n63/r/n、头痛伴神志障碍者可见于/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n高热/r/nB/r/n颅内出血/r/nC/r/n脑炎/r/nD/r/n脑膜炎/r/n64/r/n、/r/n血液成分异常所致的晕厥常见原因/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n低血糖状态/r/nB/r/n过度换气综合征/r/nC/r/n重度贫血/r/nD/r/n高原性晕厥/r/n65/r/n、/r/n小儿腹痛常见于/r/n(ABC)/r/nA/r/n肠蛔虫/r/nB/r/n肠套叠/r/nC/r/n嵌顿性疝/r/nD/r/n消化性溃疡/r/n66/r/n、/r/n局麻药的中毒反应的原因/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n一次用药超过最大剂量/r/nB/r/n、/r/n药物误入血管内/r/nC/r/n、/r/n注射部位血管丰富，或药内未加肾上腺素/r/nD/r/n、/r/n病人对局麻醉药过敏/r/n67/r/n、/r/n口对口人工呼吸的正确操作方法/r/n(AC)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n使病人头后仰，托起下颌/r/nB/r/n、/r/n术者深吸一口气，对准病人口部用力吹入/r/nC/r/n、每分钟吹气/r/n6--8/r/n次/r/n//r/n分/r/nD/r/n、/r/n仅一人进行复苏时，每做心脏按压/r/n15/r/n次大力吹气两口，交替/r/n进行/r/n68/r/n、有关烧伤的病程哪些是正确的？/r/n(ABD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n体液从血管渗出/r/n6/r/n—/r/n8/r/n小时最快/r/nB/r/n、/r/n36-48/r/n小时渗出达高峰/r/nC/r/n、/r/n48-72/r/n小时转入吸收期/r/nD/r/n、/r/n3-7/r/n天后水肿渐渐消退/r/n69/r/n、/r/n高血钾症的处理原则为/r/n(ABCD)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n防治心律失常/r/nB/r/n、/r/n降低血清钾浓度/r/nC/r/n、/r/n停止钾盐摄入/r/nD/r/n、/r/n改善肾功能/r/n70/r/n、/r/n低钾血症有下列哪些临床表现/r/n(ABC)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n软无力/r/nB/r/n、/r/n腹胀/r/nC/r/n、/r/n血钾浓度低于/r/n3.5mmol/L/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心电图/r/nT/r/n波高而尖/r/n71/r/n、/r/n清创术是一种用手术处理新鲜伤口的方法，其原则为/r/n(ABCD)/r/n受伤后/r/n6~8/r/n小时内清创者应作一期缝合/r/n面、颈部伤口即使超过/r/n24/r/n小时，清创后应考虑缝合/r/n关节附近或有大血管、神经等暴露的伤口，清创后应缝合/r/n污染严重的伤口，清创后可作延期缝合/r/n72/r/n、临床上心外按压的有效表现是/r/n(ABCD)/r/n挤压心脏时大动脉处摸到搏动/r/n口唇由紫绀转为红润/r/n散大的瞳孔开始缩小/r/n收缩压超过/r/n60mmHg/r/n73/r/n、/r/n原发性脑损伤指头部外伤时立即发生的脑损伤，临床主要包括/r/n（/r/nACDE/r/n）/r/n脑震荡/r/n脑水肿/r/n脑挫裂伤/r/n脑血肿/r/n脑干损伤/r/n74/r/n、/r/n休克病人补液，输液速度和数量最可靠的依据是：/r/nB/r/n根据丧失的液体量/r/n尿量与中心静脉压测定/r/n尿量/r/n血压与脉搏/r/n颈静脉充盈情况/r/n75/r/n、/r/n中暑高热时最合适的低压灌肠溶液为：/r/nD/r/n4°C/r/n氯化钠溶液/r/n+/r/n冰醋酸/r/nO°/r/nC/r/n生理盐水/r/n+/r/n食醋/r/n4/r/nC/r/n肥皂水/r/n+/r/n阿司匹林/r/n4/r/nC/r/n葡萄糖水/r/n+/r/n氯丙嗪/r/n50/r/n%/r/n硫酸镁溶/r/n100ml/r/n76/r/n、洗胃结束后向胃内注入少许石蜡油的目的是：/r/nA/r/n保护胃黏膜/r/n便于胃管拔出/r/n中和残留毒物/r/n防止胃出血/r/n润滑肠内食物残渣便于排出/r/n77/r/n、/r/n诊断重度脱水的主要依据是：/r/nE/r/nA/r/n、/r/n精神极度萎靡/r/nB/r/n、/r/n皮肤弹性差/r/nC/r/n、/r/n眼眶和前囟明显凹陷/r/nD/r/n、/r/n尿少，哭无泪/r/nE/r/n、/r/n四肢厥冷、皮肤花纹、脉细弱等循环衰竭的表现/r/n78/r/n、/r/n对脱水性质的认识，下列哪项是错误的：/r/nD/r/nA/r/n、/r/n是指现存体液渗透压的改变/r/nB/r/n、/r/n常以血清钠浓度来表示细胞外液渗透压/r/nC/r/n、/r/n婴儿腹泻以等渗性脱水最常见/r/nD/r/n、/r/n低渗性脱水时可引起脑血管扩张充血/r/nE/r/n、/r/n等渗性脱水细胞内液量无明显改变/r/n79/r/n、/r/n下列哪项不符合严重低钾血症的临床表现：/r/nD/r/nA/r/n、/r/n腹胀明显、肠鸣音减少/r/nB/r/n、/r/n四肢软弱、腱反射消失/r/nC/r/n、/r/nCO/r/n2/r/nCP/r/n可升高/r/nD/r/n、/r/n心电图/r/nT/r/n波低平，出现/r/nU/r/n波，/r/nQ—T/r/n间期缩短/r/nE/r/n、/r/n心音低钝，严重者可出现心律失常/r/n80/r/n、/r/n婴儿病毒性肺炎临床症状最重的是：/r/nC/r/nA/r/n、/r/n鼻病毒肺炎/r/nB/r/n、/r/n副流感病毒肺炎/r/nC/r/n、/r/n腺病毒肺炎/r/nD/r/n、/r/n合胞病毒肺炎/r/nE/r/n、/r/n肠道病毒肺炎/r/n81/r/n、/r/n肺炎合并心力衰竭治疗过程中若出现低钙抽搐，应在西地兰应用后多长时间方能补充钙剂/r/nB/r/nTOC\o"1-5"\h\z/r/nA/r/n、/r/n2h/r/nB/r/n、/r/n4h/r/nC/r/n、/r/n8h/r/nD/r/n、/r/n12h/r/nE/r/n、/r/n24h/r/n82/r/n、/r/n肺炎患儿鼻前庭导管给氧，氧流量和氧浓度的选择是（/r/nA/r/n）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n0.5~lL/min/r/n，氧浓度/r/nV40%/r/nB/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n2~4L/min/r/n，氧浓度/r/nV60%/r/nC/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n5~6L/min/r/n，氧浓度/r/nV70%/r/nD/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n7/r/n~8L/min/r/n，氧浓度/r/nV80%/r/nE/r/n、/r/n氧流量/r/n9~10L/min，/r/n氧浓度/r/nV90%/r/n83/r/n、/r/n肺炎合并心衰不能进食时每日的补液量为（/r/nA）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n60/r/n〜/r/n80ml/(kg•d)/r/nB/r/n、/r/n〉/r/n80ml/(kg•d)/r/nC/r/n、/r/n严格限制，越少越好/r/nD/r/n、/r/n100/r/n〜/r/n120/r/nml/(kg•d)/r/nE/r/n、/r/n120/r/n〜/r/n150ml/(kg•d)/r/n84/r/n、/r/n1/r/n岁患儿，重症营养不良，突然发生面色灰白，神志不清，脉搏减慢，呼吸暂停等，应首先考虑/r/n(/r/nC/r/n)/r/n心力衰竭/r/n低血钠症/r/n低血糖症/r/n低血钙症/r/n继发感染/r/n85/r/n、/r/n6/r/n个月患儿，重度营养不良，腹泻/r/n10/r/n多天，大便呈蛋花汤样，每天/r/n8/r/n〜/r/n10/r/n次，量多，口渴不明显，尿量极少，精神萎靡，皮肤弹性极差，可见花纹。应考虑诊断为(/r/nD/r/n)/r/nA/r/n、/r/n重度等张性脱水/r/nB/r/n、/r/n中度等张性脱水/r/nC/r/n、/r/n中度低渗性脱水/r/nD/r/n、/r/n重度低渗性脱水/r/nE/r/n、/r/n中度高渗性脱水/r/n86/r/n、/r/n8/r/n个月婴儿，腹泻/r/n4/r/n天，尿很少，精神萎靡，呼吸深长，皮肤发花，弹性差，前囟、眼眶明显凹陷，肢冷脉弱，心率/r/n160/r/n次/r/n//r/n分，心/r/n音低钝，考虑诊断为（/r/nA/r/n）/r/nA/r/n、/r/n重度脱水/r/n+/r/n酸中毒/r/nB/r/n、/r/n中度脱水/r/n+/r/n酸中毒/r/n+/r/n心力衰竭/r/nC/r/n、/r/n重度脱水/r/n+/r/n低钾血症/r/nD/r/n、/r/n中度脱水/r