北京科技大学874综合英语考研真题考研试题考研试卷

北京科技大学2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题编号:§74试题名称:综合英语 （共6页）适用专业: 外国语言学与应用语言学 英语语言文学 说明:所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题或草稿纸上无效.说明:ThispapercoversFOURsubjects:(1)ASurveyofGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates*(2)BritishLiterature,(3)AmericanLiterature,and(4)GeneralLinguistics.Ybuhave180minutestocompletethewholepaper.Pleasetimeyourpacewell.PartI.SurveyofGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates(30points)I.Fillintheblanks:Readthejbllowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedsentenceorquestionfoursuggestedchoicesmarkedA,BfC,andDaregiven.ChoosetheONEthatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.WritetheletterofyourchoiceinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnsy^erSheetafterthenumbers,(10points)Britishrecordedhistorybeginswiththewhichtookplacein55BC,A.Celts B.RomaninvasionC.TheAnglo-Saxoninvasion D.NormanConquestPartlyfightingforterritoryandpartlyforeconomicinterest,theHundredYears5Wareventuallyendedwiththedefeatof in1453.A.England B.FranceC.Spain D.GennanyTwoofthemostfamousEnglishliteraryworksofthelate17thcenturywerewrittenbyPuritans:JohnBunyan'andJohnMilton'sParadiseLost.A.VanityFair B.Pilgrim'sProgressC.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightD.BeowulfBritain'stwopartiesoriginatedwith.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchy. .A.theFrenchRevolution B.theCivilWarC.theNormanConquest D.theGloriousRevolutionAsaresultoftheindustrialrevolution,Britainwasby the"workshopoftheworld"：noothercountrywasyetreadytocompetewithherinindustrialproduction.A.1930 B.1620C1830 D,1730ThefirstEnglishcolonyinAmericawasfoundedat in1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofnorthAmerica.A.Maine B.MassachusettsC.Pennsylvania D.JamestownAtthebeginningoftheAmericanCivilWar,theUnionarmysufferedalotofsetbacks.LincolnrealizedthathecouldwinsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.Soheissuedthefamous・A.Gettysburgspeech B.IhaveadreamC.CommonSense D.EmancipationProclamationTopreventthecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem,Rooseveltmade,inthefirst100daysintheWhiteHouse,theCongresspassalargenumberofacts,whicharecalled.A.theNewDeal B.theprogramofNewFreedomC.theprogramofFourteenPoints D.theTrumanDoctrineTheNorthAtlanticTreaty,signedonApril4,,providedthatanattackonanyofthepartiestothetreatieswouldberegardedasanattackonall,andforce,ifnecessary,would beused to restoreandmaintainpeaceandsecurity.This markedthebeginningofU.S.efforts insetting up a militaryalliancearoundtheSovietUnionanditsallies.A.1919 B.1949C.1930 D.1980WatergateScandalreferstothepoliticalconsequence,particularlyPresident'sresigning,causedbytheillegalbreakingintotheofficesoftheDemocraticNationalCommitteeattheWatergateapartment.TheillegalbreakingturnedouttobepartofanofficialplottodefeattheDemocratsintheelection.A.Regan B.McCarthyC.Nixon D.Trumann.Fillintheblanks:AnswerthefollowingquestionsinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet.(20points,5fbreach)WhendidMrsThatchercomeintopower?WhatarethemaincontentsofThatcherism?WhatwerethecausesoftheWarof1812betweentheU.S.andBritain?WhatwastheAmericanforeignpolicyintheearly1930s?HowdidtheeventofPearlHarborchangeAmerica'sstanceintheIIWorldWar?WhateventmarkedthechangeofU.S.—Chinarelationsfromhostilitytothere-establishmentofdiplomaticrelations?PartU.BritishLiterature(30points)I,Fillintheblanks:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheetafterthenumbers.(10points)OftheearliestpoetryinEnglishliterature,themostimportantpoemnowpreservedis .Asonnetisapoemof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterwithvariousrhymingschemes.ItwasfirstwrittenbytheItalianpoetandintroducedtoEnglandbyThomasWyatt.ButthebestBritishsonneteeriswhosesonnetconsistsofthreequatrainswitharhymingschemeababcdcdefefandendswithacoupletrhyminggg.BritishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642.Afteryearsoffight,theparliamentaryarmyledbyOliverCromwelldefeatedtheroyalaimy.CharlesIwasbeheadedin1649andEnglandbecamea .Thegreatesteventinthe18thcenturyBritishliteratureistheappearanceoffiction.AmongtheearlyBritishnovelists,Henryfieldingmightbethemostdistinguishedone,whosemasterpiece wasconsideredasthebestconstructednovelinEnglishliterature. 第2页 Thepublicationof byWordsworthandin1798isalwaysconsideredasabeginningofBritishromanticism,inwhichWordsworthopenlyexpresseshistheoryofpoetryasthespontaneouslyoverflowofemotions.Duringthelongreignof ,Englandgrewfromanagriculturalcountryintoanindustrializedoneandbecametheworkshopoftheworldaswellasitsfinancialandpoliticalcenter.Andduringherreign,literatureflourished,particularlyintheformof ,Duringthe1950sthereappearedagroupofyoungwriterswhowerefiercelycriticaloftheestablishedorder.TheywerecalledfiCAngryYoungmen"，atermfrom'splayLookBackinAnger,II.Identifythetitleoftheworkofthefollowingexcerpts:witethetitlesoftheworksonyourAnswerSheet.Gpoints)Therealsowasanun,aPrioress;Simpleherwayofsmilingwasandcoy.Hergreatestoathwasonly'ByStLoy!1When,indisgracewithfortuneandmen'seye,Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate,Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,Andlookuponmyselfandcursemyfate...ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleontheMilkyWay,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:...Todie,tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartache,andthethousandnaturalshockThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewished.InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavenandtheearth.Andtheearthwaswithoutform,andvoid;anddarknesswasuponthefaceofthedeep.AndtheSpiritofGodmoveduponthefaceofthewaters.InXanadudidKublaKhanAstatelypleasure-domedecree:WhereAlph,thesacredriver,ranThroughcavernsmeasurelesstomanItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.…”MydearMrBennet,,1saidhisladytohimoneday,“haveyouheardthatNetherfieldParkisletatlast?**"DoyouthinkIcanstaytobecomenothingtoyou?DoyouthinkIamanautomaton?—amachinewithoutfeeling?…Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong.・ID.Answerthequestionsconcerningthefollowingpoem:writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheeL(12points)0WILDWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn'sbeingThoufromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredrivenlikeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,Pestilence-strickenmultitudes!0thouWhochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybedThewingedseeds,wheretheyliecoldandlow,Eachlikeacorpsewithinitsgrave,untilThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblowHerclariono*erthedreamingearth,andfill(Drivingsweetbudslikeflockstofeedinair)Withlivinghuesandodoursplainandhill;WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;Destroyerandpreserver;hear,Ohear!Whatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheleavesblownbythewestwind?Explainit.Whatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheseedslyingintheearth?Explainit.WhatimagesdoesthepoetusetodepicttheSpringthatfillstheplainandhillwithcolorsandodours?Explainit.Inwhatwaydoesthewestwindworkasadestroyerandpreserver?PartHI.AmericanLiterature(30points)Fillintheblanks:'writeyouranswersonyourAnswerSheetafterthenumbers.(10points)theauthorof"TheLegendofSleepyhollow”,wasthefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternalrecognitionandfame.AstheleadingNewEnglandTranscendentalist,Emersonstatesinhis.whichisregardedastheBibleofTranscendentalism,<ltheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandtheSouL^^Allhislife,Hawthorneseemstobehauntedbythethemeof.Evilexistinthehumanheart.Everyonepossessessomeevilsecretastaleslikesetouttoshow.Melvilleisbestknownastheauthorof whichisoneoftheworld'sgreatestmasterpieces.OneofthemajorthemesinMelvilleis,whichcanbebestshowninAhab.Bythe1870s,NewEnglandRenaissancehadwaned.HawthorneandThoreauweredead.EmersonandotherNewEnglandwriterswereoldandfeeble.WithsuchnewwritersasHowells,HenryJamesandTwainappearing,theageof hadarrived.Bythe1890s,Americanindustrialismnotonlyproducedfinancialgiants,butalsocreatedaproletariatentirelyatthemercyofexternalforcesbeyondtheircontrol.Undertheinfluenceof conceptslike"thesurvivalofthefittest"and"humanbeast”,newideasaboutmanandman'splaceintheuniversebegantotakerootinAmerica.Inliterature,FrenchnaturalismappealedtotheimaginationofsuchwritersasCrane,Norrisand .Fitzgerald'sgreatnessliesinthefactthathefoundintuitivelyinhispersonalexperiencetheembodimentofthatofthenationandcreatedamythoutofAmericanlife.ThestoryofTheGreatGatsbyisagoodexample.Gatsby5slifepattern-atfirst, ,thendisenchantment,andfinallyasenseofdespair-approximatesthewholeoftheAmericanexperience.ILIdentifythetitleoftheworkofthefollowingexcerpts:writethetitlesoftheworksonyourAnswerSheet.(Zpoints)1.Iaminvisibleman....Iaminvisible,understand,simplybecausepeoplerefusetoseeme.Likethebodilessheadsyouseesometimesincircussideshows,itisasthoughIhavebeensurroundedbymirrorsofhard,distortingglass.Whentheyapproachmetheyseeonlymysurroundings,themselves,orfiguresoftheirimagination—indeed,everythingandanythingexceptme.1celebratemyself,andsingmyselfi...Iloafeandinvitemysoul,Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.WepassedtheSchool,wheretheChildrenstroveAtRecess—intheRing-WepassedthefieldsofGazingGrain一WepassedtheSettingSun一IseeJimbeforeme,allthetime,intheday,andinthenighttime,sometimesmoonlight,sometimesstorms,andweafloatingalong,talkingandsinging,andlaughing.ButsomehowIcouldn'tseemtostrikenoplacestohardenmeagainsthim,butonlytheotherkind.Fdseehimstandingmywatchontopofhis，n,steadofcallingme,soIcouldgoonsleeping;andseehimhowgladhewaswhenIcomeoutofthefog…Somuchdependsuponaredwheelbanowglazedwithrainwaterbesidethewhitechickens.But,ononesideoftheportal,androotedalmostatthethreshold,wasawildrose-bush,covered,inthismonthofJune,withitsdelicategems,whichmightbeimaginedtoofifertheirfragranceandfragilebeautytotheprisonerashewentin,andtothecondemnedcriminalashecameforthtohisdoom,intokenthatthedeepheartofNaturecouldpityandbekindtohim.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerlbstopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.AndasIsattherebroodingontheold,unknownworld,IthoughtofX5swonderwhenhefirstpickedoutthegreenlightattheendofDaisy'sdock.Hehadcomealongwaytothisbluelawn,andhisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtograspit.UI.Essayquestions:writeyourangersonyourAnswerSheet.(12points)HowdoesHenryJamesdifierfromMarkTwaininthematictermsandartisticfeatures?ReadtheexceptfromTheScarletLetter(inwhichtheministerconfesseshissinofadulterytohispeople)andthenanswerthequestions.Withaconclusivemotion,hetoreawaytheministerialbandfrombeforehisbreast.Itwasrevealed!Butitwereirreverenttodescribethatrevelation.Foraninstant,thegazeofthehorror-strickenmultitudewasconcentratedontheghastlymiracle;whiletheministerstood,withaflushoftriumphinhisface,asonewho,inthecrisisofacutestpain,hadwonavictory.Then,downhesankuponthescafibld!Hesterpartlyraisedhim,andsupportedhisheadagainstherbosom.O