基础英语-,the赶上追上和

I

RevisionReview

the

phrases

learned

in

lesson

55.II

New

words

&Expressionsovertake

overtook,

overtaken,

overtaking

vt.To

catch

upwith;

draw

even

or

level

with;To

pass

after

catching

up

with;

Tocome

upon

unexpectedly;

take

by

surprise

赶上，追上；和…打成平局，与…不分胜负;超过,追上然后超过;突然侵袭,突然降临于；意外地碰上eg.

The

car

overtook

the

truck.小汽车超过了大卡车。A

storm

overtook

the

children.孩子们遇到了暴风雨。

He

was

overtaken

in

drink他喝醉了。I

was

overtaken

with

terror.我被吓坏了。The

geopolitical

strategists

were

overtaken

by

events

in

theMiddle

East.地理政治 家们在中东地区遭遇到很多的意外。II

New

words

&Expressionspredecessor

n.

One

who

precedes

another

in

time,

especiallyin

holding

an

office

or

a

position;Something

that

has

beensucceeded

by

another;An

ancestor;

a

forebear

前任,尤指先于另一人拥有同一职务或职位的人;原有事物，前身,被取代之物;祖先；祖辈eg.

The

new

building

is

more

spacious

than

its

predecessor.这一新建筑比原先的更宽敞Our

new

doctor

is

much

younger

than

his

predecessor.的新医生比他的前任年轻多了。

It

will

share

the

fate

of

its

predecessor.它将 与前者同样 运。我现在的汽车比原来的那辆好得多。My

present

car

is

much

better

than

its

predecessor.的）meadow

n.

草地，草场（人工pasture

n.

草地，牧场（天然的）plain

n.

草原，平原plateau

n.

高原highland

n.

高地，丘陵地带II

New

words

&

ExpressionsIINew

words&Expressionsoccurrence

n.

The

act

or

an

instance

of

occurring;Something

that

takes

place.发生的行为或例子;发生的事情eg.

everyday

occurrencecs

/

daily

occurrences日常发生的事This

phenomenon

is

of

rare

occurrence.这种现象是少有的这种现象是常有的This

phenomenon

is

of

frequent

occurrence.You

should

make

allowance

for

unfavourable

occurrences.你应该留有余地。这只是一个随机事件。This

is

just

a

random

occurrence.occurrence

event

incidentn.都含“事件”的意思。occurrence

系常用词,指“任何发生的事件”eg.

an

unforeseen

occurrence预料不到的事event

指“有重要意义的历史事件”、“重大事件”eg.

Graduation

from

university

is

an

event

in

life.大学毕业是人生中的大事。This

is

an

important

event

in

the

year.这是本年度一个重要的事件。The

National

Day

and

the

International

Labour

Day

are

greatevents

in

China.节和国际劳动节 是重大的节日。incident

指“（突发）事件”,尤指“比较不重要的小事件”eg.

an

ordinary

incident

普通小事The are

connecting

this

incident

with

last

week’sterrorist

bombing.认为这次事件和上周的 分子 事件有关。II

New

words

&Expressionsproportion

n.

A

part

considered

in

relation

to

the

whole;Arelationship

between

things

or

parts

of

things

with

respect

tocomparative

magnitude,

ty,or

degree;A

relationshipbetween ties

such

that

if

one

varies

then

another

variesin

amanner

dependent

on

the

;Agreeable

or

harmoniousrelation

of

parts

within

a

whole;

balance

or

symmetry.部分;比例,;比率;整体中各部分之间协调或和谐的关系；平衡或对称eg.

the

proper

proportion

between

oil

and

vinegar

in

the

dressing做菜时油和醋的适当比例This

door

is

narrow

in

proportion

to

its

height.这扇门就其高度的比例而言窄了些。A

large

proportion

of

the

students

were

sick

last

week.上星期大部分学生病了。the

proportion

of

births

to

the

population人口出生率IINew

words&Expressionsspell

vt.

To

name

or

write

in

order

of

the

letters

constituting(a

word

or

part

of

a

word).To

add

up

to;

signify

拼写，依次说出或写出组成（一个字或字的一部分）的字母；导致；意味着eg.

这个词如何拼法?How

do

you

spell

the

word?Their

unwise

investment

could

spell

financial

ruin.他们所作的不明智的投资可能导致经济上的损失拖延招致损失。Delay

spells

losses.那些乌云意味着下雨。Those

dark

clouds

spell

rain.IINew

words&Expressionsswee adj.

Having

wide-ranging

influence

or

effect;Moving

in

or

as

if

in

a

wide

curve;Indiscriminate;

wholesale;Overwhelming;

complete

全面的,影响和作用广泛的;大弧度的;不分青红皂白的；一扫无遗的;笼统的；空泛的;势不可挡的；彻底的eg.

swee

changes影响广泛的变化aswee

gesture大幅度挥手动作环视,扫视aswee

glance笼统的概括generalizationsswee全面胜利asweevictoryIINew

words&Expressionscritical

adj.

Inclined

to

judge

severely

and

findfault.Characterized

by

careful,

exact

evaluation

and

judgment;

Of,relating

to,

or

characteristic

of

critics

or

criticism;

Forming

orhaving

the

nature

of

a

turning

point;

crucial

or

decisive;

Of

orrelating

to

a

medical

crisis;

Being

or

relating

to

a

grave

physicalcondition

especially

of

a

patient.

Indispensable;

essential;

Beingin

or

verging

on

a

state

of

crisis

or

emergency;

Fraught

withdanger

or

risk;

perilous

爱挑剔的;

有判断的,

评价和判断细致的并且确切的;批评的,包含、涉及或代表批评家们的;

形成或具有转折点性质的；关键性的,

决定性的;危急的,严重的,

病情急转的;必不可少的；必需的;严重的处于或接近

或紧急状况的;

充满的，充满 的；濒临

的critical

adj.eg.

a

criticaleye

挑剔的眼光

critical

opinions

on

this

latest

play有关这出新剧的评论意见a

critical

thinker有判断力的思想家an

illness

at

the

critical

stage处于asecond期的疾病e

that

is

critical

to

the

family's

well-being对家庭的安康绝对有必要的第二收入计划中的必要条件a

critical

element

of

the

plana

critical

shortage

of

food食物严重短缺at

the

critical

moment/juncture在紧要关头,在关键时刻重大决定a

critical

decisionIINew

words&Expressionsjuncture

n.

The

act

of

joining

or

the

condition

of

beingjoined.

A

place

where

two

things

are

joined;

a

junction

orjoint.

A

point

in

time,

especially

a

critical

point.

接合，接合的行为；被接合在一起的状态；接合点，两个物体被接合在一起的地方；交接处，接头；时刻，尤指关键时刻，危急关头eg.

an

important

juncture

in

a

man's

career人生历程中的重要关头at

the

critical

juncture在关键时刻,在这个节骨眼上At

this

juncture

in

our

nation's

affairs,

we

need

firmleadership.国家事务于此关键时刻,

需要坚强的

。IINew

words&Expressionssubmerge

v.To

place

under

water.To

cover

with

water;inundate.

To

hide

from

view;

obscure.

To

go

under

or

as

ifunder

water.置于水下;浸没，淹没;湮没，湮灭，使沉浸;（好像）潜入水中eg.

The

flood

submerged

the

fields.His

talent

was

submerged

by

his

shyness.他的才

其 所遮覆。The

ship

submerged.船沉入水中。III

Text

StudyPlease

close

your

text

books.

Listen

to

the

t of

the

textcarefully

and

try

to

answer

the

following

question:Why

had

the

neighbours

left

their

farm?(Because

they

were

afraid

that

their

house

was

going

to

beflooded.)Read

the

text

by

yourselves

and

pay

attention

to

the

usage

of

“play

an

important

part”

and

“take

turn

in

ng

sth.”

and

“in

the

hope

of

ng

sth.”III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:The

river

which

forms

the

eastern

boundary

of

our

farm

hasalways

played

an

important

part

in

our

lives.(1)

structure:

“which”

introduces

an

attributive

clause

tomodify

“the

river”.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:(2)

Phrase:

play

an

importantpart/role

in

sth.在...中起重要作用eg.

Correct

grammar

plays

an

important

part

in

sentence

making.Agriculture

plays

an

important

part

in

the

development

of

ourcountry.All

of

these

play

an

important

role

in

the

monetary

part

ofthe

decision.所有这些因素都会影响到你的财政计划。计算机在现代起着重要的作用。Computers

play

an

important

part

in

modern

times.妇女在社会建设中扮演重要角色。Women

play

an

important

part

in

our

socialist

construction.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:We

are

lucky

in

that

only

the

lower

fields,

whake

up

avery

small

proportion

of

our

farm,

are

affected

by

flooding,but

other

farms

are

less

favourably

sited,

and

flooding

cansometimes

spell

disaster

for

their

owners.(1)

Structure:

“but”

joins

a

compound

statement.

In

thesecond

clause,

“in

that”

introduces

an

adverbial

clause

ofreason,

and

inside

the

adverbial

clause

“which”

introducesan

attributive

clause

to

modify

“the

lower

fields”.

Thesecond

clause

of

the

compound

statement

is

made

up

ofanother

compound

statement

connected

by

“and”.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:We

are

lucky

in

that

only

the

lower

fields,

whake

up

avery

small

proportion

of

our

farm,

are

affected

by

flooding,but

other

farms

are

less

favourably

sited,

and

flooding

cansometimes

spell

disaster

for

their

owners.(2)

Phrase:

in

that:because,

since

因为，既然eg.

We

are

lucky

in

that

we

were

informed

of

the

exam

twoweeks

earlier

so

that

we

have

time

to

prepare

for

it.他因为有病，没有参加谈判。He

didn‘t

attend

the

negotiation

in

that

he

was

ill.你很

因为你男朋友那么爱你You

are

happy

in

that

your

boyfriend

loves

you

so

much.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:All

the

cattle

had

been

moved

into

stalls

and

we

stood

to

lose

little.(1)

Paraphrase:

All

the

cattle

had

been

moved

into

stallsand

we

were

sure

that

we

would

lose

little.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrases:

stand

to lose/gain/etc.:

be

sure

to

do

sth.,be

in

a

position

to

do

sth.

一定会…,很可能会…eg.

How

much

do

they

stand

to

lose

by

this

merger?这次合并，他们要 多大损失？You

could

stand

to

make

one

or

two

improvements.你还可以做出一两点的改进。The

hosts

stand

to

benefit

from

the

funds'capital.东道主的受益来自基金的资本。这个提议没有人会获益。No

one

stands

to

gain

anything

from

this

proposal.我肯定能通过考试．I

stand

to

pass

the

exam.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:From

an

attic

window

we

could

get

a

swee view

of

theriver

where

their

land

joined

ours,

and

at

the

most

criticaljuncture

we

took

turns

in

watching

that

point.(1)

Structure:

“and”

joins

a

compound

statement.

In

theclause,

“where”

introduces

an

attributive

clause

to

modify“theriver”.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

take

turns

（(in) ng

sth.）轮流（做…）take

turns

（to

do

sth.）轮流（做…）take

turns

（at( ng)sth.）轮流（做…）eg.

You

can't

both

use

the

bike

at

once

you'll

have

to

take

turns.不能两人同时用这辆自行车--得轮流使用.We

take

turns

in

cleaning

the

dormitory.轮流打扫宿舍。The

two

teams

take

turns

in

speaking.两个队轮流发言。The

parents

take

turns

to

look

after

their

baby.父母亲轮流照料婴儿。.

We

can

take

turns

at

driving.好吧， 可以轮流开车。III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:The

men

of

our

family

waded

down

through

our

floodedmeadows

with

boathooks,

in

the

hope

of

being

able

tograpple

a

corner

of

the

raft

and

pull

it

out

of

the

currenttowards

our

bank.(1)

Structure:

“in

the

hope

of

…”

is

used

as

an

adverbial

ofpurpose.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

in

the

hope

of( ng)

sth.

希望做原因或目的状语eg. The

search

party

went

into

the

cave

in

the

hope

of

findingburied

treasure.他们起得很早，希望能赶上头班车。They

got

up

very

early

in

the

hope

of

catching

the

bus.他很努力学习英语为的是期望得到一个好工作。He

studies

English

very

hard

in

the

hope

of

getting

a

goodjob.我回到那家商店,希望他在那等我。I

went

back

to

that

shop

in

the

hope

of

finding

him

waitingthere.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

in

the

hope

of(ng)

sth.

希望compare比较》ho

to

do=ho

that=inthehope

of

ng

=inthehopethat

希望做……做原因或目的状语e.g.来这里希望能学好英语。We

come

here

h

to

learnEnglishwell.We

come

here

ho

that

we

will

learn

English

well.We

come

here

in

the

hope

of

learning

English

well.We

come

here

in

the

hope

that

we

will

learn

English

pare比较

》

in

the

belief

that

=

believing

that

相信，认为 做原因或目的状语e.g.

他向我请求帮助，认为我能助他

。He

turned

to

me

for

help

in

the

belief

that

I

could

lend

himahand.He

turned

to

me

for

help

believing

that

I

could

lend

him

ahand.III

Text

StudyThe

type

of

writing

and

topic

for

this

text（写作体/题

材）:a

description

about

the

important

role

the

river

played

inour

lifeLanguage

features(语言特点）:ification;

parallelism;

si ,

zoosemyIV Drills

&

ExercisesRead

the

text

after

the

t .

Pay

attention

to

thestress

and

intonation

and

where

tostop.Look

for

the

answer

in

the

text

individually

,then

tryto

answerthe

comprehensionquestionswithout

lookingatthe

text.

(P252Comprehension)Extra

Exercises补充练习Try

to

put