(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第三册 Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．lanternn．灯笼；提灯2．carnivaln．狂欢节；嘉年华3．costumen．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装4．riddlen．谜语；神秘事件5．samban．桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲6．make-upn．化妆品；性格；构成方式7．eviladj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行8．commercialadj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的9．commercialise(NAmEalso-ize)vt.使商业化；利用……牟利10．commercialisation(NAmEalso-ization)n.商业化11．Christmascarol圣诞颂歌12．puddingn．布丁；(餐末的)甜食13．mashedpotatoes土豆泥14．turkeyn．火鸡；火鸡肉15．roastturkey烤火鸡肉16．autonomousadj.自治的；有自治权的17．regionn．地区；区域；地带18．archeryn．射箭术；射箭运动19．roben．袍服；礼袍20．eaglen．雕21．potn．罐；壶；锅22．Coming-of-AgeDay成人节23．Rio(全称RiodeJaneiro)里约热内卢(巴西城市)24．Halloweenn．万圣节前夕25．Thanksgiving(Day)感恩节26．InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion内蒙古自治区27．Mongolianadj.蒙古人的；蒙古的；蒙古语的n．蒙古语；蒙古人Ⅱ.记重点单词1．marchvi.&n．行进；前进；示威游行2．ceremonyn．典礼；仪式3．rangen．一系列；范围、界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化4．figuren．人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定5．harvestn．收获季节；收获；收成vi.&vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)6．cropn．庄稼；作物；一季的收成7．gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割8．featurevt.以……为特色n．特色；特征；特点9．churchn．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂10．fadevi.&vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱11．typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的12．firecrackern．鞭炮；爆竹13．mediumn．(pl.media)媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的14．atmospheren．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)15．lunaradj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的16．even．前夕；前一天17．envelopen．信封；塑料封套18．pumpkinn．南瓜19．roastadj.烤的；焙的vi.&vt.烘烤；焙20．fireworkn．烟火；烟花；[pl.]烟花表演21．frankadj.坦率的；直率的22．inneradj.内部的；里面的；内心的23．fancyadj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是24．absolutelyadv.绝对地；完全地25．momentn．片刻；瞬间26．briefadj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的27．tentn．帐篷28．branchn．树枝；分支；支流29．weddingn．婚礼；结婚庆典30．clapvt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜→congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪2．originn．起源；起因；出身→originaladj.最初的；原创的；新颖的→originallyadv.本来；原来3．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的；笃信宗教的4．charmn．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语v．吸引，迷住→charmedadj.着迷的→charmingadj.有魅力的；迷人的5．joyn．高兴；喜悦→joyfuladj.高兴的；快乐的→joyfullyadv.开心地6．gratituden．感激之情；感谢→gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的7．agriculturaladj.农业(劳动/生产)→agriculturen．农业；农艺8．decoratevt.装饰；装潢→decorationn．装饰；装潢9．significantadj.有重大意义的；显著的→significancen．重要性，意义；意思，含义10．reflectvt.显示；反映；反射→reflectionn．倒影；反映；思考11．beliefn．信仰；信心；信任→believevt.相信→believableadj.可以相信的→unbelievableadj.难以置信的12．faithn．宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithfuladj.忠诚的；虔诚的→faithfullyadv.虔诚地13．occasionn．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasionaladj.偶然的，偶尔的→occasionallyadv.偶尔；间或14．merryadj.愉快的；高兴的→merrilyadv.高兴地；愉快地15．pleasedadj.高兴的；满意的→pleasantadj.令人愉快的→pleasevt.使满意；使愉快→pleasuren．愉快；令人高兴的事16．representvt.象征；代表；相当于→representativen．代表adj.有代表性的17．wrestlevi.&vt.摔跤；奋力对付→wrestlern．摔跤运动员→wrestlingn．摔跤运动18．gracen．优美；优雅；高雅→gracefuladj.优美的；高雅的19．respectn．&vt.尊敬；尊重→respectfuladj.恭敬的；表示敬意的→respectableadj.可敬的；体面的20．horribleadj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→horrorn．畏惧；憎恶；震惊Ⅳ.背核心短语1．dress(sb.)up穿上盛装；装扮2．afterall毕竟；别忘了3．rangefrom...to...包括从……到……之间4．fadeaway逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱5．inspiteof不管；尽管6．takeadvantageof利用；欺骗；占……的便宜7．themedia大众传播媒介8．havesth.incommon(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征9．MerryChristmas圣诞快乐10．tobefrank坦白说；坦率地说11．gooff爆炸；走火；离开12．exceptfor除……之外13．setoff出发；动身；启程1．clumsyadj.笨拙的2．coincidencen．碰巧；巧合3．colleaguen．同事4．commitmentn．承诺；保证5．companionn．同伴；同事6．competencen．能力；胜任7．complexadj.复杂的8．compromisen．&v．妥协；折中1．However，nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem，allovertheworld，thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.(nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句)然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。2．Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.(it作形式宾语)网上的购物网站和社交媒体应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。3．IsawalotofpeoplewearingfancyMongolianrobes.(seesb.doing)我看到很多人穿着华丽的蒙古袍。4．Ihearditisbecausechildrenarelighterandthehorsescanrunfasterandfarther.(because引导的表语从句)我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快、更远。5．ThatwasthemomentIstartedtounderstandwhypeoplesay“HorsesareattheheartofMongolianculture”．(why引导的宾语从句)我顿时明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”了。6．I’mfinallybackhomenow，feelingreallytired，butcelebratingNaadamwithmyfriendwastotallyworthit.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(agricultural，belief，horrible，decorate，respect，joyful，range)Pleasedandexcited，peoplecelebratefestivalsbyholdingvariousceremonies1.rangingfromsettingofffireworksorfirecrackerstodressingupinfancycostumesformarches.Somefestivalshavereligiousoriginsinmemoryoffamousfigures；someare2.agriculturalfestivalstoshowgratitudeforharvestingcrops；somearefestivalsfeaturingtraditions，inwhichcustomsstillplayasignificantrole；whileinotherstraditionshavefadedawayandtheyseemnottoreflectpeople’s3.beliefsorfaiths.Theyarecommercializedandtakenadvantageofbybusinessmenandthemedia.Onspecialoccasions，supermarkets4.aredecoratedtocreateanatmospheretoencouragecustomerstobuy.Tobefrank，peoplearestillmissingthedayswhentheygathered5.joyfullyandenjoyedthemselveswithhomemadepumpkinpies，puddings，mashedpotatoes，roastturkeysaswellassingingChristmascarols.Notallfestivalshaveabandonedoldtraditions.TheNaadamFestivaloftheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionisagoodexample.Representedbywrestling，archery，andhorseracing，thefestivalisreallyexciting.Inbrief，weshouldshow6.respectforgoodtraditionsandafterall，it’s7.horribletoforgetourrootabsolutely.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇congratulationn．祝贺；恭喜；(pl.)贺词(congratulatevt.祝贺)•express/offer/sendone’scongratulationstosb.向某人致以祝贺aletterofcongratulation一封贺信•congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺(1)Iamwritingaletterofcongratulation(congratulate)tomymonitoronhisbeingelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.(应用文写作之祝贺信)(2)首先，我对你在英语演讲比赛中的成功表示衷心的祝贺。(应用文写作之祝贺信)①Firstly，IexpressmysincerecongratulationsonyoursuccessintheEnglishspeechcontest.(congratulation)②Firstly，IsincerelycongratulateyouonyoursuccessintheEnglishspeechcontest.(congratulate)rangen．一系列；范围，界限；种类；山脉vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化•afull/widerangeof...大范围的……，各种……in/withintherangeof...在射程以内；在……范围内outof/beyondrangeof...在射程外；在……范围外•rangefrom...to.../rangebetween...and...包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变动(1)Tohergreatjoy，shesuddenlysawastreamflowingquietlywithin/intherangeofvision.(2)随着这个体育场的落成，各种体育赛事得以举行，包括从乒乓球、足球到赛跑不等。①Withthestadiumsetup，awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld，whichrangefrompingpong，footballtorunningcompetitions.(which引导的定语从句)②Withthestadiumsetup，awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld，rangingfrompingpong，footballtorunningcompetitions.(现在分词作状语)figuren．身材，体形；数字；人物；图案；轮廓；人影vt.认为，认定；计算•keepone’sfigure保持体形•figurethat...认为……；认定……figureout弄明白；计算出；想出(1)Wemustfigureouthowmuchthesocialoccasionheldlastweekcost.(2)我们所有学生都认为这次水果采摘活动是一次巨大的成功。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Allofusstudentsfigurethatthefruit-pickingactivityisagreatsuccess.(3)只有通过均衡饮食，定期锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。(应用文写作之建议信)Onlybymeansofbalanceddietsandregularexercisecanyoukeepyourfigureaswellasstayhealthy.(倒装句)(4)当我们接近农场时，我们看到了一个模糊的身影，那是焦急地等待我们的保罗叔叔。Aswewereapproachingthefarm，wesawadimfigure，whichturnedouttobeUnclePaulwhowaswaitingforusanxiously.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的(gratituden．感激之情；感谢)begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激……Iwouldbegratefulifyoucoulddo...如果你能做……，我将不胜感激。(1)Iamgratefultoyoufordecoratingourclassroomforthegraduationceremony.(2)Iamwritingtoconveymyheartfeltgratitude(grateful)forwhatyouhavedoneforme.(3)伯纳德打心底感激慷慨的约翰的帮助。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)BernardwasgratefultobehelpedbygenerousJohnfromthebottomofhisheart.(begratefultodo)(4)如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之求助信)Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldlendmeahand.significantadj.有重大意义的；重要的；显著的(significancen．重要性；重要意义)•besignificant(to)＝beofsignificance(to)(对……来说)很重要•attachsignificanceto...重视；认为……重要(1)Byparticipatinginthisactivity，Ihavebecomeawareofthesignificance(significant)ofshowingrespecttotheold.(2)总之，在线学习对我们的学业发展很重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)Allinall，onlinelearningisofgreatsignificance/isverysignificanttoouracademicdevelopment.(3)我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极按时上体育课。(话题写作之学校生活)Iattachgreatsignificancetoworkingoutatschool，sowestudentsmusthavePEclassactivelyandpunctually.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的betypicalof典型的，特有的Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯做某事(1)Tobefrank，bothofushavethequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors.(2)我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心，我从来没有见她因为我们听不懂而生气。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)It’stypicalofourmathsteachertobeverypatientwithus.NeverhaveIseenhergetangrybecausewecan’tunderstandwhatshesays.reflectvi.思考vt.思考；反映；反射；显示(reflectionn．思考；映射；反射；倒影)reflectsb./sth.insth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflecton/upon思考；反省(1)Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflection(reflect)ofherself，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·6月浙江)(2)Herbeautifulfacewhichshefeltproudofwasreflectedinthemirror.(3)这个年轻人静静地躺在草地上，反思那天所发生的事情。①Theyoungmanlayonthegrassquietlyandreflectedonwhathadhappenedthatday.②Theyoungmanlayonthegrassquietly，reflectingonwhathadhappenedthatday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)pleasedadj.高兴的；满意的(pleasevt.使高兴；使满意pleasantadj.令人满意的；令人愉快的pleasuren．高兴；快乐；满意)•bepleasedtodosth.高兴地做某事；愿意做某事bepleasedwithsth.对……高兴；对……满意•withpleasure高兴地；(用于应答)非常乐意forpleasure作为消遣(1)Tobefrank，Iwaspleasedtodecoratetheroominthisway.Thepleasantdecorationpleasedmyheadteacherandheevenpraisedmewithpleasure.(please)(2)得知你们将要参观我校，我非常高兴。我深信你们会对我们专门为你们做的安排满意的。预祝你们在我校参观愉快。(2021·1月浙江，应用文写作)Iammorethanpleasedtoknowthatyouwillpayavisittoourschool.Istronglybelievethatyouwillbepleasedwiththearrangementswespeciallyhavemadeforyou.Wishyouapleasantvisitinourschool.(3)我经常读英文报主要是为了获取信息，并非为了消遣。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)IregularlyreadtheEnglishnewspapermainlyforinformation，notforpleasure.respectvt.&n．尊敬；尊重；敬意；方面(respectableadj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的respectfuladj.恭敬的；表示敬意的)•respectsb.forsth.因为某事而尊敬某人•have/showrespectforsb.尊重某人ineveryrespect在各个方面inmanyrespects在许多方面giveone’srespectstosb.代某人向……问候/致意inrespectof＝withrespectto至于，关于；就……而言(1)Iabsolutelyrespectthishonestmanforhiswillingnesstohelpothersintrouble.(2)你到家后，代我向你父亲致意。Afterarrivingatyourhome，givemyrespectstoyourfather.(3)在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)Inmanyrespectsofourlife，therearealwaysrespectablepeople.Withrespectto/InrespectofthepersonIrespectmost，Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.setoff出发；动身；启程；引起；点燃setaside留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消setdown放下；记下；让……下车setup建立；准备；安排setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事setout出发；着手(做某事)(todo)用set短语的适当形式完成下列语段At7a．m.lastSaturdaywesetoff/outforthefarmmerrilylikecagedbirdsnewlysetfree.Onarrivingatthefarm，wesetuptentsandthensetaboutpickingfruits.Atnoon，wesetasidehalfanhourtosetdownwhatwethoughtofthefruit-pickingactivityinthetents.Whatameaningfulandbeneficialactivityitwas！(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.网上的购物网站和社交媒体应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在补足语之前。常用的动词有think，take，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。(1)要想提高你的写作水平，你最好把每天写日记当成习惯。(应用文写作之建议信)Toimproveyourwriting，you’dbettermakeitaruletokeepadiaryeveryday.(2)由于突如其来的大雨，我们认为在漆黑的树林里找到回去的路相当困难。Weconsidered/believed/thoughtitquitedifficulttofindourwaybackinthedarkforestwiththeunexpectedheavyrain.(3)我们总是理所当然地认为我们的父母应该照顾我们。Wealwaystakeitforgrantedthatourparentsshouldtakecareofus.(4)我认为抱怨没用，相反，我应该立即行动起来。Ifeelitnousecomplaining；instead，Ishouldtakeactionimmediately.(5)Whileworking，Ifounditwashardtoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.(2019·北京，书面表达)→Whileworking，Ifoundithardtoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.(用it作形式宾语改写)I’mfinallybackhomenow，feelingreallytired，butcelebratingNaadamwithmyfriendwastotallyworthit.现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。feelingreallytired是动词-ing形式作状语，表示伴随状况。动词-ing形式还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。(1)Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeeling(feel)sorryformyself.(2)孩子们躺在草地上，看着夜空中的星星。Thekidslayonthegrass，watchingthestarsinthenightsky.(3)他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭起来。(读后续写之动作链描写)Herosetohisfeet，crossedtheroomandhuggedmetightly，cryingwithoutcontrol.(4)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。(读后续写之心理描写)Whenhearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyesglitteringwithexcitement.用法点拨现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．figureA.n.人物B.n.数字C.n.身材D.n.人影E.n.图案F.vt.计算G.vt.认为(1)Shewaspleasedtoreportthelatesttradefigurestohermanager.B(2)Iamgratefultoyouforyouradviceonhowtokeepaslimfigure.C(3)TsinghuaUniversityisabsolutelyhometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A(4)Isawatallfigureapproachinginthedarkness.D(5)Thewallwascoveredwithfiguresofbirds，flowersandlanterns.E(6)Ifigurethatyouhavealotincommonwithme.G(7)IamfiguringmyexpensessothatIcanknowwheremymoneyhasgone.F2．setoffeq\x(A.出发B.引起C.放烟火D.衬托出)(1)Weoughttosetoffat7a．m.whiletheroadsareempty.A(2)ItistypicalofChinesepeopletosetofffireworksintheSpringFestival.C(3)Tobefrank，thatblueblousedoesn’tsetoffherbeauty.D(4)Hisrudereplysetoffabadfeelingofme.B3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)IdislikeseeingTVcommercialswhenenjoyingawonderfulsoapopera.广告(2)Becauseofheavypressureandoverwork，heisfadingfast.(身体)变得虚弱(3)Pleasegivemyrespectstoyourfather.问候Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Icongratulatedhimonwinninganawardinthetalentshow.2．Thesongsofthevirtualchoirinvolvedawiderangeoftopics.3．Thedoctortriedtofigureoutwhichtreatmentcouldcurethepatientofhisache.4．Iamgratefultoyouforgivingmeanopportunitytotryoutfortheplay.5.Equipmenthasasignificant(significance)impactontheperformanceofaband.6．It’stypicalofthecomposertousestringedinstruments.7．Tomysatisfaction，hefinishedthedecoration(decorate)ofthehouseinawonderfulway.8．Aftergettingthroughwiththecomposition，thebandsetoffforthestudiotorecordthenewsong.9．Theaimoftheprojectistoteachtheyoungtorespectscientistsfortheirgoodvirtuesanddiligence.10．Hispreviousalbumisareflection(reflect)onhisloveforclassicalmusicandhissatisfactionwithhislife.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练话题写作之传统文化——中秋节1．我们中国人认为庆祝中秋节非常重要。(it作形式宾语)WeChinesethinkitverysignificant