【英语】高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)

【英语】高三英语阅读理解（社会文化）试题（有答案和解析）一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1.阅读理解TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards),intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon."Pipedown!",meaning"Bequiet!",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手长)wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted(打结的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing( 鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause.A.theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld B.theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC.theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea D.theyhadthelargestnavyeverIfsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis.A.secretive B.honest C.cheerful D.dishonestWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?ThebusinessonBritishsailingships.TheinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglish.ThesailinghistoryofEngland.ThesailingstoryofBritishsailors.【答案】（1）CBAB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着强大的海军。一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英 ”国人的生活影响很大。故选C。考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 “…peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”可知，如果 ”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是 'above\o"CurrentDocument"board'。故选” B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “Theship'sboatswain（水手长 ）wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate（表明）tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下”来睡觉了。故选 A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解ItiscommonlybelievedthattheearliestChinesepaper-cutsappearedduringthesixthcentury.Somescholarsbelieveitwasevenearlier.LegendhasitthatduringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD24),EmperorWudiwasverysadafteroneofhisfavoriteconcubines,MadameLi,died.ATaoistpriest,LiShaoweng,cutapieceofhemppaperintheshapeofMadameLi.Wheneveningfell,theemperor'sservantslitcandlesinhisbedroom;thereflectionofthatpapercutonthewallmadetheemperorthinkabouthisbelovedconcubine.TheYuxianpaper-cutisdifferentfrommostpaper-cutsproducedinotherregionsofChina.Paper-cutsfromotherregionsaremostlycutwithscissorsorknivesfromsingle-coloredpaper,suchasredorblackpaper.TherearefourmajorprocedurestomakingtheYuxianpaper-cut:First,sketchthepatternonthedraftpaper;second,fastenthedrafttothepapertobecut;third,useaknifetocarveoutthepattern;andfourth,dye(染色)thepaper-cutwithvariouscolors.PrecisecuttingskillsareneededtomakeapieceoftheYuxianpaper-cut,whichhighlightsthecraftmaker'sartistictasteanddyeingskills.Thatexplainsthefollowingsaying:"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills."ThetraditionalYuxianpaper-cuthighlightstwothemes:flowersandcharactersinChineseoperas.Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas.InOctober2009,theartofYuxian'spaper-cutwasaddedtothelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(非物质文化遗产)establishedbyUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).Thefirstparagraphisactuallyabout.A.EmperorWudi'sfavoriteconcubine B.theoriginsofChinesepaper-cutsC.theinventorofChinesepaper-cut D.oneofthethemesofYuxianpaper-cutWhichisthemostimportantskillofmakingpaper-cut?A.Drawingskill. B.Cuttingskill. C.Dyeingskill. D.CarvingskillAccordingtothepassage,theYuxianpaper-cutisespeciallyfamousforits.A.livelyimagesofcharactersinclassicoperasB.traditionalChineseoperasC.ChineseculturalinfluenceonoperasD.advancedcuttingtechniques(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEarliestChineseLegend B.TheYuxianPaper-cutSkillsC.EmperorWudi'sSadStory D.ChineseYuxianPaper-cut【答案】(1)BCAD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。(1)考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选 Bo(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills.蔚县剪纸的成功制作 30%取决于制作人的切割技巧， 70%取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。故选a(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 "Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas 剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。可知，选Ao(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题：中国戏曲中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着 中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。3.阅读理解GuesswhatformerAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRudd,FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergandUnitedStatespresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,ArabellaKushner,haveincommon?TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage.AlthoughChineseisknownasoneofthehardestlanguagestolearn,alotofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsarestudyingitwithhopesofbigbenefits.Nov2sawmorethan120people,comingfrom105countries,competeinthefinalsofthe12th"ChineseBridge"ChineseProficiencyCompetitionforforeignsecondaryschoolstudents.HeldinZhengzhou,Henanprovince,thefinalswasmainlymadeupofspeechcontestsandtalentshows.ThecontestantsalsovisitedtheShaolinTemple,LongmenGrottoesandotherhistoricalsitesinHenan.WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment.Raissa,17,fromtheUnionoftheComoros,developedastrongemotionalconnectionwithChinaafterhergrandmotherwascuredbydoctorsoftheChinesemedicalteaminAfricathreeyearsago.ThisledhertolearnChineseatalocalConfuciusInstitute.FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina."MydreamistostudymedicineinChinasothatIcouldcurepatientsliketheChinesedoctorsdid,"shesaid.ForFeketeMarcellZoltan,17,fromtheHungarian-ChineseBilingualSchool,studyingChinesemaysecurehimafuturejobasaHungariandiplomat(夕卜交官)toChina."Aftergraduationfromhighschool,IwouldliketofurthermystudiesinChina,"hesaid.RobertDavis,directoroftheChinese-languageprograminChicago'spublicschoolsystem,maygiveyouahint."Chineseisn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld."hetoldCGTN.WhyareMarkZuckerbergandArabellaKushnermentionedinparagraphone?A.ToshowChineseispopular.B.Tointroducethemtothereaders.C.TotellthereaderstheyloveChina.D.TostresstheimportanceoflearningChinese.TheunderlinedwordFascinatedinparagraph6canbereplacedby.A.AttractedB.EmployedC.InspectedD.AppreciatedWhatisthecommonreasonforthecompetitorstolearnChinese?A.It'seasytolearn.B.Theywanttobecomeadoctor.C.Theyhopeforagoodjobaftergraduation.D.TheyhaveinterestinChinesecultureandrapiddevelopment.WhatisRobertDavis'attitudetolearningChinese?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Upset.【答案】(1)A⑵ADB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。11)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"TheybothstudyChineseasasecondlanguage以及上文可知，前澳大利亚的首相KevinRudd,脸谱CEOMarkZuckerbergand川普的孙女ArabellaKushner是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选 A。(2)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的FascinatedbyChineseculture,thecompetitorhastakenpartinactivitiesontraditionalChinesemedicineandfolkartsduringherfirsttriptoChina.可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，故选A。(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段 “WhilereasonsforlearningChineseweredifferent,acommononewasinterestinthecountry'srichcultureandrapiddevelopment. 可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选Do(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Chinesesn'tthenewFrench.It'sthenewEnglish,whichiswidelyusedallovertheworld. 可知他认为汉'语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere.PopularmusicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.Studentscarrysmallradioswithearphonesandlistentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakers(扬声器)andplaythemusicloudlyastheydriveonthestreet.Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports,theweather,politics,andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.Butmostoftheradiobroadcastismusic.Poporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoney.TheymakeaCDortapewhichradiostationsuseineverystate.Oncethepopularsingerisheardthroughoutthecountry,youngpeoplebuyhisorhertapes.Someofthemoneyfromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,alltheyoungpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Nowthesingerhasbecomeanationalstar.Besidespopmusic,therearetwootherkindsofmusicthatisimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.IttellsstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.Theotheriscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsiscalledclassicalmusic.Musicforinstrumentsiscalledorchestramusic,suchasthesymphonies（交响乐）ofBeethoven.Thereisoperaforsingers,balletfordancerslikethestoryofLiangShanboandZhuYingtaiinChina.（1）Inwhatwaycanmusicberegardedasaninternationallanguage?A.Popularmusiciswhateveryoneenjoys.B.Thewonderfulsongsarepopularwiththeworldpeople.C.Whenmusicisplayed,itseemsasifitwerespeakingtous.D.Musicistoopopularforeveryonetobeabletoplayit.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutmusicandpeopleinAmerica?A.Adultdriverslistentonewsaswellasmusicwhentheydrivetowork.B.Adultdriversneverlistentomusicwhentheydrivetowork.C.Studentdriverscarrysmallradioswithearphoneswhentheydriveonthestreets.D.Studentsalwayslistentomusicbeforeclass,inclassandafterclass.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AllpeopleinAmericalikepopularmusic.B.Popsingerscangetallthemoneyfromthetapes.C.LiangShanboandZhuYingtaiisakindofpopmusicinChina.D.Now，westernorcountrymusicisalittledifferentfromitsbeginning.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Internationallanguage.B.MusicinAmerica.C.Popmusic.D.Musiclisteners.【答案】（1）BADB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的几种音乐。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere可知，音乐是一种世界性 ”的语言，用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的，因此推断美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选B。(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 "Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports,theweather,politics,andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.可知，成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音乐，他们还收听体育新闻，天气，政治，和美国人民的活动。 A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选 Ao(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 "Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.可知，如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。故选D。(4)考查主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5.阅读理解Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.JazzclubsaroundthecitystillhostconcertswithlocaljazzmusicianslikeRobDixonandJoelTucker.Oneoftheseclubs,theChatterboxJazzClub,stillhaslivejazzsevennightsaweek.ButtherealhistoryofjazzinIndyismuchlesssimple.AlongwiththeAvenue'sculture,jazzmusicwasgonefromthestreetsformanyyears.IndianaAvenuewastheheartofaneighborhoodalongtheWhiteRiver.Itwasacenterforblackmusicandlivestreetmusic.Thewealthyavoidedthisarea.Soitbecameaplacethatpoorerfamilies,includingmanyAfrican-Americanandimmigrant(移民)families,movedto.JsperedinthemixofAmericanculturesaroundtheAvenueinthe1930sand1940s.Butinthe1950s,thingschanged.Afterthewar,therewereprojectstomakethecitybeautifulandbuildauniversitynearby.Bothoftheseseemedlikegoodchanges.However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.Aftermanyyears,Indianapolisrememberedthevalueofitsartsandmusicculture.ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.Onceagain,thehighlivingcostsinthesehistoricartsareaspushedlow-incomefamiliesout.Todaythereareseveralold-stylejazzclubswherefriendscanmeetuptorememberthepastorjustenjoyasummerevening.Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.(1)WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinParagraph1?A.Jazzclubscanmakebigmoney.B.Jazzmusiciansoftenholdconcerts.C.JazzmusicispopularinIndianapolis.D.JazzcultureisjustpartofIndianapolis'culture.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prospered"inParagraph4mean?A.Disappearedquickly.B.Arrivedsoon.C.Recoveredsoon.D.Developedwell.WhatdidIndianapolisdotobringbackitslostculture?A.Itrebuiltsomeoldimportantareas.B.Itinvitedoldjazzmusicianstosinginthecity.C.Iteducatedpeopleaboutthevalueofmusicculture.D.Itsettledlow-incomefamiliesintheIndianaAvenuecommunity,Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutmodernIndyjazzistrue?A.Itshomecultureisgone.B.Itsstylesaretootraditional.C.Itshowsthesadnessofthepoor.D.Itisnolongerafavoriteoftheyoung.【答案】（1）CDAA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.现在到了”2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。故选 C。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中中的"Butnthe1950s,thingschanged•••However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.但在20世纪”50年代，情况发生了变化。••…然而，新的大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词 prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展 ”。故选 D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 “ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue.”它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。为此，它开始做出新的改变。这些改变包括修复像 TheAvenue这样的历史街区。可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。故选 A。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 “Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow（影子）ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些 ”爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实 :现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道上的文化的一个影子。可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。故选 Ao【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6.阅读理解Onhearingthewords"Justdoit!",youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit'sCoca-Cola”,youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.Anadvertisingslogan(广告标语)istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.It'salmostcertainthateverybrandhasapopularslogan.Hereareafewexamples:"Justdoit!"-Thissloganspeaksouttoteens.Ittellsthemtodosomething,butonlyiftheythinkit'sworthit.Andifso,whynotdoitwearingNike?"AlwaysCoca-Cola."-Coke'ssloganschangeeveryfewyears,butthisonehasenjoyedalastingpopularitybecauseitshowsthebrand'sspirit.Itseemstosay"Cokeistheonlydrinkthereis;therearenootherformsofdrinks.""Sharemoments,sharelife."-ThissloganfromKodakconnectsphotosandbeauty.Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usingKodakfilmofcourse!Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.JustDoIt!B.SloganAndBrandC.FamousSlogansD.WhatIsAGoodSlogan?Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedsentence(paragraph2)?A.Agoodadvertisingsloganshoulddrawpeople'sattention.B.Abrandshouldhaveanadvertisingsloganjustaspeoplehaveeyes.C.Anadvertisingsloganisasimportanttoabrandaseyesaretoaperson.D.Anadvertisingsloganactsastheeyesofabrand.Theword"them"inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.peopleB.thehappymomentsC.photosandbeautyD.KodakfilmWhichofthefollowingtablescanbestmatchthesloganswiththeirbrands?

Sl013inRratidObtfyjfimrIhiaLVblksw^cnIfanyonccan,Canoncan.E:asteniAirlinesTheringsofmn.Ca»toWalchesDriverswauled.jobwor1d.co.ukTcclinoloEyfbrlife.SpriteDownEMubeiLertbtufe.CaronA.B.SloganObeyyourihirst.Jfanyonecan*Canoncan.Thewingsofman.Driverswanted.TcchnHogyforliifeDownleadabetterfuture.BrandCanonVolkswiigtnEaslemAirlinesA_. ;二. Casiowatvlicsjobw^rld.co.ukSprikSlogan口randObeyyt>urihirii.VolkswagenIfanyonecan,Cancncan.E:asternAirlinesThe廿ing5ufn】timCasioWaivhtsDriverswanted.jobworldxo.uk「eirhnolQ曾yforlife-SpriteDownloadubelterlb[ure.CanonSlog/n]BrandObeyyour[hiE.SpriteCanonCanon11anyonecnn.Canoncan.Thewingsofnun.Driverswanted.Icchnolo^forlifeiAsternAirlinesVolkswagenC^sioWalchesD.jobworldxoAikDownloadabetterfuture.D.jobworldxoAik【答案】（1）B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Onhearingthewords‘Justdoit!’,youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit's -‘CoAlalw’ay,syCouoccaanbesuresomeonewnatstosellyouarefreshingdrink.介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选” B。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的 “Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在”人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。 可知，使用 "Anadvertisingslogan（广告标语）istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广”告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。故选 C。（3）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中 “Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usingKodakfilmofcourse!可知，”them指的是前文的“happymoments”。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 “Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.（标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，表格中的第一条 “Obeyyourthirst服从你的渴望，标”语当中的 “thirst有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告”语。结合选项，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism（相对主义）,aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacrossculturesandthroughcenturies.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries,Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause"thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform（不变的）inhumannature,"thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype,hebelieved,spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample,evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelong-lastingthemesandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A.Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B.Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C.Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D.Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.InParagraph2,theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat.greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundarieshistorygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartpopularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsgreatartistsareskilledatcombiningvariousculturesAccordingtoHume,someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecause.theyareresultsofscientificstudytheyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofarttheyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartiststheyappealtounchangingfeaturesofhumannatureWhichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.AreArtisticValuesUniversal? B.ArePopularArtsPermanent?C.IsHumanNatureUniform? D.IsCulturalRelativismScientific?【答案】(1)C⑵ADA【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 "Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism(相对主义),aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地白社会经济条件结合在一块，故选 Co(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries,Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选Ao(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause'thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniforms的)inhumannature,"thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.可知Davide曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选Do(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选 Ao【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8.阅读理解Nobelprizewinnerssometimesdisplayasmuchuniquenesswhendecidinghowtospendtheirprizemoneyastheydidontheworkthatwonthemtheawardinthefirstplace.WhenSirPaulNursewontheNobelPrizeforMedicinein2001,hedecidedtoupgradehismotorbike.Afellowwinnerin1993,RichardRoberts,installedacroquetlawninfrontofhishouse.AustrianauthorElfriedeJelinek,whowonin2004,saidtheprizemeant"financialindependence."LarsHeikensten,executivedirectoroftheNobelFoundation,saidtherewerenoobviousshoppingtrendsamongwinners."Ithinkitdependsalotonwhichcountrytheycomefrom,theirpersonalfinances...whatkindofincomestheyhavewhentheygettheprize,"hesaid.Realestate,however,isapopularoption,atleastamongthosewillingtorevealwhattheyspendthemoneyon.PhillipSharp,theAmericanco-winnerofthe1993medicineprize,decidedtosplashoutona100-year-oldFederalstylehouse."Itookthatmoneyandboughtalittlebitbiggerhouse...It'sabeautifuloldplace,"hetoldAFP(法新社),addingthat"Themoneyisanicepartoftheprocess",but"theimportantthingabouttheprizeistherecognition."Forwinnersofthepeaceprizethedecisionisoftenmoreclear-cut,asthehonortendstogotopoliticians,organizationsandactivistswhoareundermorepublicsupervision.Many,likeUSPresidentBarackObamain2009andtheEuropeanUnionin2012,donatetocharities.Literaturewinnerstendtobemoreprivateabouthowtheyusethemoney,butthechoiceisoftenequallystraightforward."EvenifNobel-winningauthorsarequitewellknown,manyofthemwillnothavemademuchmoneyfromwriting,"saidAnnaGunder,aNobelliteratureexpertatUppsalaUniversity.Whiletheprizemightkeepthewolffromthedoorforsomeyears,givingthemfreedomtowrite,itcanalsobrieflyhavetheoppositeeffect."Itreallychangestheircareers…Duringthefirstyearafterthey'vewontheyoftenwriteless,buttheygenerallycontinueafterayearortwo,"saidGunder.Fromthepassage,welearnthat.ThemoneyisactuallythebestpartoftheNobelPrizeNobelwinnershavegreatoriginalityinusingp