考研考博-英语-广东茂名农林科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东茂名农林科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Togetherwithotheractivities（1）ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic（suchasmusicordance）,paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman（2）toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis（3）understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.（4）musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction（5）the15，000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux——someexamples（6）totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts，exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat（7）forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.

Themajor（8）examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5，000yearsago，theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted（9）totheeasternMediterraneanSeaandneighboringregions.（10），WesternsharedaEuropeanculturaltradition——theMiddleEastandMediterraneanBasinand，later，thecountriesoftheNewWorld.

Westernpaintingisingeneraldistinguishedbyitsconcentration（11）therepresentationofthehuman（12），whetherintheheroiccontextofantiquityorthereligiouscontextoftheearlyChristianandmedievalworld.TheRenaissance（13）thistraditionthrougha（14）examinationofthenaturalworldandaninvestigationofbalance，harmony，andperspectiveinthevisibleworld，linkingpainting（15）thedevelopingsciencesofanatomyandoptics.Thefirstreal（16）fromfigurativepaintingcamewiththegrowthoflandscapepaintinginthe17thand18thcenturies.Thelandscapeandfigurativetraditionsdevelopedtogetherinthe19thcenturyinanatmospherethatwasincreasingly（17）“painterly”qualitiesofthe（18）oflightandcolorandtheexpressivequalitiesofpainthandling.Inthe20thcenturytheseinterests（19）tothedevelopmentofathirdmajortraditioninWesternpainting，abstractpainting，whichsoughtto（20）andexpressthetruenatureofpaintandpaintingthroughactionandform.

问题1选项

A.mayhavebeen

B.thatmayhave

C.mayhave

D.thatmayhavebeen

问题2选项

A.seek

B.sought

C.seekfor

D.soughtfor

问题3选项

A.emerging

B.emergency

C.merging

D.merger

问题4选项

A.As

B.Unlike

C.Like

D.Since

问题5选项

A.from

B.to

C.into

D.for

问题6选项

A.ratify

B.testify

C.certify

D.gratify

问题7选项

A.makeeasy

B.makeiteasy

C.makehard

D.makeithard

问题8选项

A.extinct

B.extent

C.extant

D.exterior

问题9选项

A.hadshifted

B.haveshifted

C.shifting

D.shifted

问题10选项

A.Nevertheless

B.Moreover

C.However

D.Therefore

问题11选项

A.to

B.in

C.on

D.for

问题12选项

A.figure

B.shape

C.shadow

D.form

问题13选项

A.extracted

B.extended

C.extorted

D.extruded

问题14选项

A.closing

B.close

C.closed

D.closure

问题15选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

问题16选项

A.break

B.breakage

C.breakdown

D.breaking

问题17选项

A.concernedwith

B.concerning

C.concerningwith

D.concernedfor

问题18选项

A.reaction

B.action

C.interaction

D.relation

问题19选项

A.distributed

B.attributed

C.contributed

D.construed

问题20选项

A.discover

B.uncover

C.recover

D.cover

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:D

第11题:C

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查语法。根据下文的“buthavecometo…”可知此空应该也使用完成时态，并且引导定语从句，故D项符合。

2.考查动词辨析。seek为及物动词，sought为seek的过去式和过去分词，seektodosth试图做某事。根据该句中的was可确定时态为过去时，故用sought。

3.考查形近词辨析。emergency紧急事情;merging合并；merger合并；emergingunderstanding新兴的观点。

4.考查上下文逻辑关系。根据上下文可知，该句将painting与music和dance进行对比，故unlike符合。

5.考查固定搭配。derive…from来源于，从…中得到。

6.考查形近词辨析。testifyto证明，作证。ratify批准；certify担保，保证；gratify满足。句意：一些例子证明这些早期的艺术家具有相当大的制图能力。

7.考查语法。makeiteasy使容易；句意：会话，与其他艺术一样，展现了一些使所有国家和文明的观赏者容易理解和欣赏的品质。

8.考查形近词辨析。extinct灭绝；extent范围，长度；extant现存的；exterior外在的。该句表示在西欧和苏联找到了世界上现存的早期绘画作品。

9.考查时态。由上文的5000yearsago可知该句应该用过去时，故D项正确。

10.考查逻辑关系。根据上下文内容可知，前后两句属于因果关系，故用therefore。

11.考查固定搭配。concentrateon集中于。

12.考查名词辨析。humanfigure人物的身材。

13.考查形近词辨析。extract提取；extend延伸，扩展；extort勒索；extrude挤压。句意：文艺复兴使该传统延续。

14.考查语法。closeexamination详细检验；closure关闭，终止。

15.考查词组辨析。link…to…联系…

16.考查动词辨析。break打破，突破；breakage破坏，破损；breakdown故障，崩溃；breaking破坏，阻断。句意：真正的从象征艺术的突破是在18世纪随着风景画的发展产生的。故A项符合句意。

17.考查固定搭配。beconcernedwith关注，涉及；只有A项形式正确。

18.考查名词辨析。reaction反应；action行动，活动；interaction相互作用；relation关系。该句表示颜色和光线的相互作用，故C项正确。

19.考查动词辨析。contributeto对…有贡献；distribute分发，分配；attributeto归因于；construe理解，习惯上虞with连用。只有C项符合句意。句意：20世界的这些兴趣对西方会话的第三种主要传统有贡献。

20.考查形近词辨析。cover包括，采访；uncover揭示秘密，发现；recover恢复，重新获得；covet垂涎。只有B项符合题意，句意：抽象画寻求通过形式和行动来解释和表达绘画的本质。

2.单选题

Agoodteacheralwaystriesto（）studentstoaskquestion.

问题1选项

A.encourage

B.stimulate

C.needle

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encourage“鼓励，激励”。B选项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。C选项needle“刺激，故意招惹”。D选项spread“传播，伸展”。句意：一个好的老师总是鼓励学生去提问。本句表示“鼓励学生提问”。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena（）interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.weighty

C.vague

D.keen

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Lookatthismess!IfonlyI（

）youradvice.

问题1选项

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气语法。Ifonly引导虚拟条件句，题目是对过去的虚拟，要用“haddone”结构，句意：看看这一片混乱！但愿我之前听从了你的建议就好了。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineart,asdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves——anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteencentury,photography'sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisornotart.Forexamplethosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.TheauthorintroduceananalogyAbstractExpressionistpaintersinorderto（）.

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext.

C.defininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury.

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches.

问题2选项

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity.

B.anartforobservingtheworldimpartially.

C.anartcomparabletopainting.

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts.

问题3选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Dramatic

D.Paradoxical

问题4选项

A.Thephotographers'beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision.

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic.

C.ThePhotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined.

D.Thenotoriousdifficultyofdefiningartinitsrelationtorealisticrepresentation.

问题5选项

A.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

B.provideacontrastagainstseriouscontemporaryphotographers.

C.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,notandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

D.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述摄影师先为摄影是否是艺术而争辩,后为否定其艺术而努力。作者主要是为了解释严肃的当代摄影师对摄影被认为是艺术的态度,并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程中来观察。所以选项B正确。

2.根据第一段的最后一句“photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.”在十九世纪,有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、机械地复制现实；摄影师们断言,这是一种特殊的观看方式,是对普通视觉的反抗,其实摄影是可与绘画媲美的艺术。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第二段最后一句“艺术越好,对艺术传统目的的破坏越大。”由此可推测,这种概念是矛盾的。所以选项D正确。

4.根据第二段最后一句“除了表明自己的工作与艺术无关,重要的摄影师不愿再辩论摄影是不是好的艺术。他们认为现代主义胜利强加给艺术的概念是理所当然：即艺术越好,对艺术传统目的的破坏得越大。”选项C符合原文。

5.根据第三段的内容可知,那些认为通过拍照可以摆脱绘画所表现的艺术的摄影家,使我们想起那些抽象表现主义画家,他们通过专注于绘画的物理行为,想象自己摆脱了古典现代主义绘画的思想禁锢。由此可知,作者举抽象表现主义画家的例子是为了说明他们像严肃的当代摄影师一样,拒绝承认传统上被接受的现代艺术目标。选项D符合原文。

6.单选题

ManyeconomistsbelievethatAmericamustreplaceitsmoribundsmokestackindustrieswithbusinessbasedonnewtechnology.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.mordant

C.mortified

D.ousted

【答案】A

【解析】由句意可知，许多经济学家认为，美国必须用基于新技术的商业来取代……的低技术工业。既然低技术工业应该被新技术商业代替，也就是低技术工业岌岌可危了。A选项obsolete“废弃的；濒死的”；B选项mordant“有腐蚀性的；尖酸的”；C选线mortified“窘迫的；受辱的”；D选项ousted“被驱逐的”。由此可知A选项“濒死的”符合题意。

7.翻译题

Traditionally,thewomanhasheldalowpositioninamarriagepartnership.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowash,stitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewoman,whichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseeofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdaily,yearlongcohabitation.Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterests(andfriendship)aswellasmutuallysharedones,iftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities.Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests-beingamusing,discussingwithpassionandpoint-andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Onceamanconfessed,“ThegreatquestionIhavenotbeenabletoansweris:Whatdoesawomanwant?”Manyhusbandswonderthesamethingtoday.

【答案】从传统上讲，女性在婚姻关系中处于较低的地位。丈夫出门时，她就得洗洗涮涮，缝缝补补。今天的趋势是解放妇女，这最终可能会巩固婚姻。也许婚姻中友谊的最大障碍是夫妻经常见面。通常意义上的友谊不会受到每天、常年的同居生活的压力的考验。如果夫妇们不想要各自性格中更有吸引力的那些部分失去新鲜感，那么除了共同的兴趣外，他们还需要有各自的兴趣（和友谊）。已婚夫妇在来客人时很可能会竭尽全力地接待客人——幽默风趣，谈话时充满激情，——但是在客人走后陷入沉闷、疲惫的沉默。有一次一个男人坦白说：“我一直不能回答的一个大问题是：女人想要什么？”如今，许多丈夫都对同样的事情感到疑惑。

8.单选题

Weshouldmaintainourcultural（），whichrepresentsthedeepmemoryofournation.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.tendency

C.legacy

D.fancy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们应该维护好代表我们民族最深刻记忆的文化遗产。

考查名词辨析。Agency服务机构,(尤指)代理机构;tendency偏好,性情,趋势;legacy遗产,遗赠财物,遗留;fancy想象的事物,想象(力)。故C符合句意。

9.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

问题2选项

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

问题3选项

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

问题4选项

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

问题5选项

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.语义推断题。根据关键词定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成为一种。”but在这里表示转折关系，前面的内容都是在讲美貌所带来的优势，因此可以推断，liability指的是不利条件。A选项misfortune“不幸，灾祸”；B选项instability“不稳定”；C选项disadvantage“不利条件”；D选项burden“负担，责任”。选项C与之意思相近，所以正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一个有吸引力的女性在传统的女性工作中具有优势，但一个有吸引力的女性在传统的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推断，传统的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因为吸引力增强了女性所需要的特质，选项A符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“结果显示,有吸引力的男性完全击败了没有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性总是得到最少的选票。”由此可知，当涉及政治时，吸引力对女性来说并不是一件好事，选项D符合原文。

4.观点态度题。A选项practical“实际的”；B选项prejudiced“怀有偏见的”；C选项old-fashioned“过时的”；D选项radical“激进的”。文章内容首先介绍了人们对美的传统认知，然后介绍了人们认为具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多来自运气，而不是能力；当涉及政治时，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人们对于美的看法通常是带有偏见的，所以选项B正确。

5.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章第一段最后句就讲到了美貌可能会成为一个不利因素，接下来的内容也主要是围绕这一话题展开，所以作者写本文的目的主要是讨论吸引力带来的负面影响，所以选项A正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

11.单选题

Artthatenduresoftenmakesaninitiallydisturbingimpact:theprofoundexperiencethatsuchartseekstoprovokenecessarilyengendersacertain（

）.

问题1选项

A.familiarity

B.ennui

C.upheaval

D.intimacy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。familiarity“熟悉，精通”；ennui“厌倦，无聊，倦怠”；upheaval“剧变，动乱”；intimacy“亲密，亲昵行为”。句意：忍耐的艺术通常产生原发性地让人烦恼的冲击效果：这种艺术试图引起的深刻经验必然产生一种错乱。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Manyyearshad（）beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.preceded

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】float漂流；elapse时间流逝；precede领先，在…之前；proceed开始，继续进行。句意：许多年过去了，他们才回到原来的城市。这里指时间流逝，所以选项B正确。

13.不定项选择题

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

问题2选项

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

问题3选项

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

问题4选项

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

问题5选项

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

问题6选项

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

问题7选项

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

问题8选项

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:E

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。各选项的意思是：A：描述热点如何影响火山的灭绝；B：描述并解释海洋和大陆的形成；C：解释如何估计死火山熔岩流的年龄；D：描述热点并解释它们如何影响和记录板块的运动；E：描述太平洋岛链的形成和方向。本文介绍了火山活动地区，即热点，并且详细解释了它们是如何影响和记录板块运动的：除了作为参照系外，热点显然还影响着推动板块横穿全球的地球物理过程。因此D项正确。

24.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：只能在岛屿附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：离地球表面更近；D：可以沿着板块的边缘找到；E：熔岩中有更多的碱金属。根据题干关键词hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（与大多数火山不同的是，热点很少出现在构成地壳的大陆板块和海洋板块的边界上；大多数热点位于板块内部深处，并固定在地球表面的深层。热点与其他火山的区别还在于它们的熔岩，这些熔岩比那些来自板块边缘的火山含有更多的碱金属）。由此可知，E项“熔岩中有更多的碱金属”正确。

25.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是：A：大陆的轮廓；B：海洋热点尺寸；C：两个热点同时移动；D：海底裂缝的模式；E：几个大洋中部岛链的构造。根据题干关键词Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情况下，板块经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹，就像风吹过烟囱时会喷出一股浓烟一样。夏威夷群岛似乎就是这样形成的，由一个单一的熔岩源从热点涌出，太平洋板块大致经过热点从东到西北，伴随着一系列年龄不断增长的火山，另外两个太平洋岛链——南海岭和土阿莫土海岭——平行于夏威夷岛链的结构）。由此可知太平洋板块明显的运动轨迹的证据是由几个大洋中部岛链的构造提供的，故选E项，其余选项并不符合题意。

26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：热点是活跃的；B：大陆板块移动了；C：大陆破裂迫在眉睫；D：“热点”移动得非常快；E：火山含有大量的碱金属。根据题干关键词spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陆板块是静止的最有力的证据是，在一些热点地区，几个时代的熔岩是重叠的，而不是按时间顺序排列的），而该句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（热点提供了测量仪器，可以用来解决这样一个问题：两个大陆板块是朝相反的方向移动，还是一个静止不动而另一个正远离它而漂移）。因此，B项“大陆板块移动了”是正确选项。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是：A：这三个群岛正在向东移动；B：三个岛链上的所有岛屿都停止了移动；C：这三个岛链是同一板块运动的结果；D：夏威夷群岛正以相对较快的速度从其他两个岛链中撤退；E：南海岭和土阿莫土海岭链越来越靠近，而夏威夷群岛则保持不变。根据题干关键词theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasinga