考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚理工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists•or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof£768monrevenuesof£2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

问题2选项

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

问题3选项

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

问题4选项

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

问题5选项

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

问题6选项

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

问题7选项

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

问题8选项

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

问题9选项

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人们普遍认为,在过去一个世纪或更多时间调停这个交换（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会，作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会，也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。

3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事，一是他们的过程需要几个月，当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时，另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断，如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平，这一领域的工作人员必须阅读,没有降价的空间),可知A项“抗议他们（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高价格”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干说“当科学论文通过同行评审时…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他们（即出版商）组织同行评审，在该评审中专家们不具名地对论文进行评论（但是这些专家如论文的作者样很少为自己的工作而得到报酬）)。由此可知D项“科学家将评价自己领域其它科学家的工作”正确。

5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的确，爱思唯尔（世界领先的科技及医学出版公司）的利润被许多人认为是如此……，以致1.2万名研究者签名去联合抵制这家公司的期刊)。由此推测egregious的意思为“非常不合理的；过分的”。

6.细节事实题。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和绿色模式涉及出版前同行评审，但是第三种模式经常不用在出版前进行同行评审”知A项“在前两种（出版模式）中发生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）发生在出版后”正确

7.推理判断题。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(这些组织的雄厚财力意味着至少在前几年这个期刊将甚至不需要出版费)及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(几个商业出版商正在试用金色模式的出版)。可推知“作者对传统的科学期刊出版商的担忧”，这为第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科学出版商没有觉得担心的话，那么他们应该开始担心了”提供了论据支持，故C项“为文章最后一段中的有力的断言提供了支持”正确。

8.推理判断题。根据题干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC医学》（斯普林格的一个开放阅览期刊）最近公布的调查显示开放阅览期刊被引用的广泛程度和传统期刊一样多)中的but“但是”表转折的对应可推测“MarkWalport先生担心开放阅览期刊相比传统期刊可能收不到应有的关注”，由此知D项“担心发布在开放阅览期刊和存放处上的好论文可能受不到它们应有的关注”正确。

9.主旨大意题。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的话来对教授Dijk的研究进行评价及文章A全文都在用报告的方式进行叙述,因此文章A是一个简单的报告文章，而文章B中大多数段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商确实也提供服务”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.还需要解决很多事情”等提出观点后再论证”知文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文，由此知B项“文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文，而文章A是一篇简单的报告文章”正确；

2.单选题

Stanleywas（）bywhatIhadsaidandwhenIrealizedthis,Iapologizedtohimforbeingsotactless.

问题1选项

A.wounded

B.frustrated

C.resented

D.offended

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。Wound“伤害，使受伤”；frustrate“挫败，阻挠”；resent“怨恨，愤恨”；offend“冒犯”。句意：斯坦利对我的话感到了被冒犯，当我意识到这一点，我为我的不得体向他道歉。

3.单选题

TheFrencheducationsystemisverydifferentfromtheEnglishoneinitsaims,itsorganizationanditsresults.TheFrenchchildtoo,therawmaterialofthiseducationisunliketheEnglishchildanddifferencesintherawmaterialmaywellaccountfordifferencesintheprocessesemployed.

TheFrenchchild,boyorgirl,givesonetheimpressionofbeingintellectuallymoreprecociousthantheproductofthechillierEnglishclimate.Thisisencouragedbyhisupbringingamongadults,notinanursery.Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation.TheEnglishare,asregardsnationalcharacter,youngerthantheFrench,or,toputitanotherway,thereisinEnglandnodeepdivisionbetweenthelifeofthechildandthatofthegrownman.TheartoftalkingtochildreninthekindoflanguagetheyunderstandissomuchanEnglishartthatmostoftheFrenchchildren'sfavoritebooksaretranslationsfromtheEnglish.

Frenchparentsontheotherhand,dotheirbesttodevelopthechild'sintelligenceasrapidlyaspossible.Theyhavelittlepatiencewithchildishideaseveniftheydonotgosofarastolookuponchildhoodasanunfortunatebutnecessarypreludetoadultlife.Notthattheyneedtoforcethechild,forheusuallylendshimselfwillinglytotheprocess,andenjoystheeffectofhisunexpectedlycleverremarksandunusualsayingsandofhisbrightjudgmentofmenandthings.ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise.ReasonablenessislookedforearlyinFrance,andtheageofreasonisfixedatsevenyears.

1.IncomparingFrenchandEnglisheducationtheauthorindicatesthat（）.

2.ThepassagesuggeststhattheFrenchchild（）.

3.Theword"prelude"inthephrase"…,butnecessarypreludetoadultlife"(inthe2ndsentenceofParagraph3)probablymeans（）.

4.IncomparisonwithFrenchchildren,Englishchildren（）.

5.Frenchmothers（）.

问题1选项

A.agreatdealcanbelearntbybothcountries

B.differencesshouldnotbelookedforonlyinthemethods

C.theFrenchchildneedsfarmoretraining

D.themaindifferencesareinthechildren

问题2选项

A.isasheisbecauseoftheclimate

B.onlyassociateswithadults

C.isnottreatedasachild

D.isforcedtobehavelikeanadult

问题3选项

A.introductorystage

B.consequentevent

C.inevitableresult

D.acceptablereason

问题4选项

A.arelessintelligent

B.canstandchillierclimate

C.receivemorecarefromtheirparents

D.haveshorterchildhood

问题5选项

A.knowhowtoappealtowhatisbestintheirchildren

B.arethemostsignificantinfluenceintheirchildren'slives

C.theirchildren'sunexpectedlycleverremarks

D.lackpatienceineverything

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知,英国和法国在教育体系方面有着很大的差别。同时,作为教育的"原材料",两个国家的孩子们也存在着区别。教育所采取的方法不同是因为原材料不同,即因人而异。由此可推断,教育上的差异,不仅是教育方法不同,"原材料"也存在差异。所以选项B正确。

2.细节推断题。根据二三的的内容可知,法国的父母总是以成年人的思维对待和要求孩子,所以选项C符合原文。

3.introductorystage引入时期;consequentevent随之而来的事情;inevitableresult必然结果;acceptablereason可接受的原因。根据上下文的内容,儿童时期是成人生活的前奏,选项A符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据原文第二段的第三句"Englishparentsreadilyadapttheirconversationtothechild'spointofviewandinterestthemselvesmoreinhisgamesandchildishpreoccupation."英国父母很容易根据孩子的观点调整他们的谈话,并且使自己能够对孩子们的游戏和关注的一些幼稚的东西感兴趣。说明英国的孩子比法国孩子受到父母更多的关爱,选项C正确。

5.细节推断题。根据题干关键词Frenchmothers定位到最后一段的倒数第二句"ItisnotwithoutsignificancethattheFrenchmotherinsteadofappealingtothechild'sheartbyaskinghimtobegoodappealstohisreasonbyaskinghimtobewise."法国母亲不是通过要求孩子做个好人来打动孩子的心,而是通过要求他做个聪明的人来打动他的理智,这并非没有意义。选项A符合原文。

4.单选题

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（）destinationisRome.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate“最终的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“接下来的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的；深红色的”。句意：他们打算去伦敦，但是他们最终的目的地是罗马。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（从属的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.

1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.

2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.

3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.

4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.

问题1选项

A.bejustpartoftheirnature

B.worseninmodernsociety

C.occurwhentheygowild

D.presentathreattothecommunity

问题2选项

A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority

C.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

问题3选项

A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems

B.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

问题4选项

A.Toavoidbeingpunished

B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters

C.Towinleadershipofthedogpack

D.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey

问题5选项

A.cangivethedogmorerewards

B.willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C.cangivethedogmorefreedom

D.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。

6.单选题

Outof（）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:纯粹出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，败坏她的名誉。

考查形容词辨析。perfect完美的，纯熟的；total全部的，整个的；sheer全然的，纯粹的，十足的；integral完整的，整体的。因此C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Exerciseseemstobenefitthebrainpowerofhealthyandsick,youngandold（

）.

问题1选项

A.alike

B.alive

C.together

D.included

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。alike同样的；alive活着的，有生气的；together一起；included包括在内的。句意：运动似乎对他们的脑力有益，无论对健康的人、生病的人，还是年轻人、老人都一样。A项符合句意，答案A。

8.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知“……goingonintheworld”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，且关系代词that可省，所以选用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在发生的”。句意：没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情

9.单选题

Iwas（）bytheirkindnessandmovedtotears.

问题1选项

A.preoccupied

B.embarrassed

C.overwhelmed

D.counseled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。preoccupied“全神贯注的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；overwhelmed“被压倒的，被淹没的，使非常激动”；counseled“建议，劝告”。句意：他们的好意使我感动地流下了眼泪。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.resigned

B.willresign

C.couldresign

D.resign

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resigned辞职B.willresign辞职

C.couldresign辞职D.resign辞职

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】这里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建议某人做某事。这里的should可以省略。因此D选项resign正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项搭配错误。

【句意】既然你对这份工作不满意，我建议你尽快辞职。

11.单选题

Heavyfightinghasbeengoingonaftertheguerrillashad（）theiroffensiveattackonlocalforce.

问题1选项

A.undertaken

B.launched

C.begun

D.embarked

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。undertake“承担”；launch“发射”；begin“开始”；embark“出发”。本句意为“游击队开始对当地军队发动进攻后，激烈的战斗一直在进行”。begin符合句意，表达进攻从开始就一直进行着。因此选项C正确。

12.单选题

Technologyhas（

）thesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

问题1选项

A.formulated

B.furnished

C.functioned

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。formulated构想出，用公式表示；furnished供应，装备；functioned运行，行使职责；facilitated促进，帮助。句意：科技促进了信息的分享和存储以及信息的传递，进而使得更多的信息为更多人所用。D项符合句意，答案D。

13.单选题

Weallleftthemeeting,beingconvincedthattheprojectwas（）.

问题1选项

A.fertile

B.inevitable

C.inherent

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我们都离开了会场，并确信这个项目可行。

考查形容词辨析。fertile肥沃的，富饶的，能生育的；inevitable必然的，不可避免的;inherent固有的，遗传的;feasible可行的，可能的。因此D符合句意。

14.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对”；B选项standinfor“代替”；C选项standupfor“拥护；坚持”；D选项standinwith“与……联合；同……分担”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有显著优势，因为她们需要更少的食物和更少的氧气，而且她们更能_______辐射。根据语境，standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“辐射”比较合理，意指女性更能承受辐射。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.beingcreated

B.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.tobecreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项havingbeencreated符合题意。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

SincethefirstsettlersfromEnglandhadarrivedinVirginiaintheseventeenthcentury,independencefortheUnitedStateswasalongtimecoming.ButevenifEnglandhadnotgiventhecoloniescauseforrebellion,therewouldprobablyhavebeenaseparationfromthemothercountry,fortherootsofAmericanindependencelayinthecharacteroftheAmericancolonists.AnypeoplewhowouldwillinglyforsakethecomfortsandsafetyoftheOldWorldtowrestahomefromthewildernessintherawNewWorldwouldnevertakekindlytoareinontheirliberties.AndEnglandassuredlydidstirthecoloniststorebellionbyitsWritsofAssistance,StampAct,andtaxontea.Further,manyofthecolonistshadneverseenEngland,eitherbeingdescendantsofEnglishsettlersorcomingfromfamiliesrootedinothernations;thus,thetiestoEnglandweretenuousatbest.

Aswithanyexplosivesituation,however,ittookasingleacttoignitethepowderkeg.Thelightforthefusewassupplied"whenEngland'staxedteawasthrownoverboardfromshipsinBostonHarborinDecemberof1773inwhatiscalledtheBostonTeaParty.Englanddemandedpayment,anditsBostonPortActproposedtoclosetheharboruntiltheteawaspaidfor."Withthis,allthirteencoloniesflared.Theysaw,clearly,thatBoston'sfatecouldbetheirown,andthatBoston'sfightwastheirfight.Alone,nocolonycouldprevailagainstEngland.Together,theyhadafightchance.ThemovementtounitebeganatanunofficialsessionoftheVirginiaHouseofBurgessesonMay27,1774.BySeptemberofthissameyeartheFirstContinentalCongressmetandforcedthenucleusofaunion.ThedelegatesagreedtoboycottBritishgoods.BeforetheSecondContinentalCongresscouldholditsfirstmeetingonMay10,1775,theAmericanRevolutionhadbegun.WiththeshotsexchangedbetweenthecolonistsandtheBritishatLexingtonandConcordonApril19,1775,thenationexplodedintowar.ByJunetheAmericanshadanarmywithGeorgeWashingtonasitscommanderinchief.Byspringof1776allthirteencoloniesdelegatestoCongressfeltkeenlythemandateofthepeople.TheSecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphiainJuneandformedacommitteetodrawupaDeclarationofIndependence.ThomasJeffersonwasappointedbythecommitteetodrafttheDeclaration.TheDeclarationasweknowittodaywasunanimouslyadoptedonJuly4,andwassignedonAugust2,1776.

TheDeclarationofIndependencecontainedfiveofthemostearthshakingwordseverwritten,“...allmenarecreatedequal.”Notsincethesigningof...England'sMagnaCartain1215hadsuchanastonishingideafounditswayintothepublicconsciousness