考研考博-英语-嵩山少林武术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嵩山少林武术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在现代科学的冲击下，哲学任务这个概念已经发生了彻底的再定位。从更广泛的历史角度来看，可以说，哲学家们自古以来都在从事三大事业：他们一直在寻找关于基本现实的绝对真理和绝对的道德标准。他们试图构建一种综合的观点，一种对宇宙及人类在宇宙中所处位置的看法，是一种将科学的各种贡献整合成一个明白易懂的和谐整体的观点。最后，哲学家们试图澄清知识和评估的基本概念、假设和方法的意义以及有效性。

根据现代科学，不仅根据其结果和结论，而且特别是其开放的态度和批评方法，对绝对真理的探索在很大程度上被放弃，即使不是毫无意义，也是徒劳无益的。当代科学的精神是“批判性的”，因为它的所有结论直到“进一步注意”才被认为是合理的或可成立的。换句话说，这两个极端——教条主义或怀疑主义——都是不可接受的。持开放态度的警方表示，虽然，原则上，我们的所有信念都应公开接受批评和修改，但是，在有力证据迫使我们修改或用因相关证据而得到更有力支持的其他假设来代替它们之前，回应已充分证实了的假设是完全合理的。

2.单选题

Themountainpeakis（）onthehorizon.

问题1选项

A.straddling

B.overlooking

C.towering

D.dominant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。straddling“跨坐”；overlooking“俯瞰”；towering“高耸的，超越的”，侧重于与周围环境形成比较；dominant“占优势的，显性的”，bedominanton“占主导”。句意：山顶耸立在地平线上。题目中山峰没有和周围环境形成比较，在地平线上最显眼。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

问题1选项

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

问题2选项

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

问题3选项

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

问题4选项

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

问题5选项

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一句提到1986年一位两岁的小孩意外去世，其父母没有得到赔偿，因为小孩没有给家里带来收入。所以可以推断，19世纪意外死亡的赔偿是根据人能否创造经济价值来决定的。选项A符合题意。

第2题:题干中的1800’s与第一段的1896对应，所以19世纪早期注重的是孩子的经济价值，所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章最后一段提到所谓的社会经济学家认为人的一切社会活动都是把金钱放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），选项B符合这一原则。

第4题:文章没有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，选项A排除；文章没有通过对比来分析历史，选项C排除；作者并没有表明对社会现象的传统解释的态度，选项D排除。所以选项B符合题意，文章主要在讲述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild这本书。

第5题:第三段第二句话Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影响儿童价值的因素包括：成熟的工业体系导致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是儿童的死亡率下降，家庭成员间的关系。四个选项中只有D选项没有提及，所以D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

问题1选项

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

问题2选项

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

问题3选项

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

问题4选项

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

问题5选项

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在强调change。所以选项D改变是必不可少的为正确答案。选项A和C在文章中没有提及,选项D包含了选项B。

2.细节事实题。第一段农民的例子是为了说明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以选A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容作者认为传统有好也有坏,所以选项A和D错误,选项C中must太绝对,并不是所有传统的向导都是正确的。选项B过度的推崇传统可能会给我们带来麻烦,所以选项B正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要是讲change,第二段主要是讲tradition,所以文章主要讨论的是传统和变革的关系。

5.单选题

Skilledtechniciansandadvancedtechnologiesenableustobuilduncompromisedqualityintoallourcars,becauseourfirst（

）isbringingyoupleasureforyearstocome.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.benefit

C.privilege

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige威信；benefit利益，好处；privilege特权；priority优先考虑的事情。句意：熟练的技术人员和先进的技术使我们能够为我们所有的车提供很好的质量保证，因为我们把给您将来的日子带来快乐放在第一位。由空格后的内容可知D选项符合句意，答案D。

6.问答题

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

7.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻译为：我们不会回到美国国会公开担心低等种族会玷污美国人的血统的时期。因此答案为A选项：他们是低等的民族。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻译为：这些新移民没有理由不应该有着同样的成功。知B项“他们可以如自己的前辈那样做的一样好”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻译为：泰勒担心，墨西哥裔美国人可能注定跟随美国黑人的步伐，即社区中的那个较大的部分可能变得陷入一个似乎永久的贫困和低成就的状态中。因此，D选项“他们可能永远是贫穷且成就低的”最符合题意。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词newimmigrants定位到原文倒数第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻译为：我们也应该就同化、如何确保曾经的外来者在这些地区不会永远的处于被边缘化而提出一些更加广泛的问题。故C最符合题意。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位倒数第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻译为：但是，我们也还没有学到如何让美国化进程适应所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻译为：那是一个大的问题……可以得知B项“如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会”最为符合。

8.单选题

Tobe（

）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

问题1选项

A.frank

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank为固定搭配，意为“老实说，坦率地说”。

句意：坦率地跟你说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。选项A正确。

9.单选题

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepanofEasternEurope_______Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.pitched

B.imposed

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】pitched倾斜;投掷;imposed强加的;inserted插入;plunged投入,陷入。句意：1914年,东欧一个偏远地区发生的一件显然无关紧要的事件使欧洲陷入了一场大战。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militate(产生作用或影响)towardsanarrowingoftherangeofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawareness,ofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoal-directedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoal,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.

Intheprimitivebeings,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplemotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishand