研究生英语综合教程Unit3市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

高等院校硕士英语系列教材综合教程（下）INTEGRATEDCOURSE2Unit3

Travel

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProjectKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Task1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.

(P73)BDACABCAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

BCTask21)discreetdiscretiondiscreteA.Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown__________identity.B.Wewereallprettyopenwitheachotherbutvery__________outside.

C.Youcantrusthertokeepyoursecret—she’sthesoulof__________.

Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromeachgroup.Changetheformifnecessary.

Somewordsmaybeusedmorethanonce.

(P74)discretediscreetReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

discretion2)auditauditorauditoryauditorium

A.Theexternal__________comeinonceayear.

B.Wegatheredinan_______________andwatchedavideotape.

C.Theyearly__________takesplaceeachDecember.

D.It’sanartificialdevicewhichstimulatesthe__________areasofthebrain.

E.Thefundis__________annuallybyanaccountant.

auditorsauditoriumauditauditoryReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

audited3)conceivecontriveconceptioncontrivance

A.The____________ofthebooktookfiveminutes,butwritingittookayear.

B.Thiswasasteam-driven_____________usedin19thcenturyclothingfactories.

C.Miraculously,hemanagedto____________asupperoutofwhatwasleftinthecupboard.

D.Hewasimmenselyambitiousbutunableto____________ofwinningpowerforhimself.

conceptioncontrivancecontriveReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

conceive4)garglegigglegaspgossipA.Onceonechildstarts__________itstartsthewholeclassoff.

B.Thecircusaudience__________withamazementassheputherheadinthelion’smouth.

C.Theadvertisementpromisesthat___________mouthwashwillfreshenyourbreathandkillgerms.

D.Therehasbeenmuch__________aboutthepossiblereasonsforhisabsence.

gigglinggaspedgarglingReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

gossipReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction5)passionpassionateaffectionaffectionate

A.Shegaveherdaughtera(n)______________kissandputhertobed.

B.Hespokewithconsiderable__________abouttheimportanceofartandliterature.

C.Theirfathernevershowedthemmuch__________.

D.Iremembermany____________argumentstakingplacearoundthistable.

affectionatepassionaffectionpassionateReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction6)relevantrelentlessreluctant

A.Manyparentsfeel__________totalkopenlywiththeirchildren.

B.Ridge'ssuccessisduetoa__________pursuitofperfection.

C.Forfurtherinformation,pleaserefertothe__________leaflet.

reluctantrelentlessrelevant7)reverereverencereverent

A.Istoodthere,gazingdown,andfeelinga__________forthesespectaclesofthenaturalworld.

B.TheBishop’ssermonwasreceivedin__________silence.

C.Mostofus__________theBible,butfewofusreaditregularly.

reverencereverentrevereReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction8)porepeerpeepperceive

A.Isawher______________throughthecurtainsintotheroom.

B.She__________throughthemist,tryingtofindtherightpath.

C.Akeytaskistogetpupilsto__________forthemselvestherelationshipbetweensuccessandeffort.

D.AuntBellasatatthetable,__________overcatalogues,surveyingtheaccounts,calculating.

peeping/peeppeeredperceiveporingTask3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P75)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-gainsimilaritiesperspectivediscoverchallengingspecificadventureenlightensReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

diverseenrichopportunitiesmemoriesjoyfuloutweighsspanPracticalTranslation语境（context）是指语言交际所包括不一样环境，离开语境孤立地看语言，是无法准确地了解其真正含义。语境大致可分为言内语境（linguisticcontext）和言外语境（non-linguisticcontext）两大类。

言内语境指文章上下文以及和语言本身相联络各种原因。比如，volume这个词在Thevolumeoftrafficontheroadshasincreaseddramaticallyinrecentyears.中，是指“总量”，而在Thevolumeofthecontainermeasures10,000cubicmeters.中，表示“体积，容积”。语境与语篇翻译

言外语境是指语言本身之外各种主、客观环境，可分为情景语境和社会文化语境。情景语境指语言交际活动发生时详细情景。比如，Whendidyoucallmelasttime?这个句子依听说话人身份不一样，使用场景不一样有不一样解释，能够表示简单问询或者是埋怨太长时间没有打电话了。而社会文化语境指交际者各自不一样经验、经历、知识、文化背景等。在翻译中，应该考虑到社会文化差异，并作适当调整。1.Themeetingwasnotheldduetotheairlinestrike.Itwasheldtodiscusstheimpactanagingsocietywouldhaveonourenvironment.

不是因为航空企业罢工才举行会议。召开这个会议是为了讨论老龄化社会对环境造成影响。原文中，假如孤立地看第一句话，就会存在歧义。它能够了解成：1）不是因为航空企业罢工才举行会议。或者2）因为航空企业罢工，会议被取消了。联络下文，依据言内语境，不难看出第一个了解才是正确。2.TherewasnothingtodoinLomaintheeveningexcepttogotothesaloon,anoldboardbuildingwithswingingdoorsandawoodensidewalkawning.Neitherprohibitionnorrepealhadchangeditsbusiness,itsclientele,orthequalityofitswhisky.InthecourseofaneveningeverymaleinhabitantofLomaoverfifteenyearsoldcameatleastoncetotheBuffaloBar,hadadrink,talkedawhileandwenthome.Therewouldbeagameofthemildestkindofpokergoingon.TimothyRatz,thehusbandofmylandlady,wouldbeplayingsolitaire,cheatingprettybadlybecausehetookadrinkonlywhenhegotitout.I’veseenhimgetoutfiveminutesinarow.Whenhewonhepiledthecardsneatly,stoodupandwalkedwithgreatdignitytothebar.FatCarl,theownerandbartender,withaglasshalffilledbeforehearrived,asked,“What’llitbe?”“Whisky,”saidTimothygravely.

在洛曼小镇，晚饭后除了去镇上唯一那家酒馆便无事可做。酒馆是一座传统木制建筑，有一扇转门，门前人行道上方有一块木制雨篷。不论是政府禁酒令还是以后废除禁酒令法令都未曾改变过它生意兴隆、用户数量，也未曾改变过它威士忌质量。天天晚饭后，镇上十五岁以上男子最少要光临布法罗酒馆一次，喝杯酒，聊聊天，然后回家。酒馆里常有些人玩扑克牌，不过其输赢聊胜于无。我那位房东太太丈夫蒂莫西•罗兹就经常在那里玩单人纸牌游戏。他玩牌老爱作弊，因为他只在赢牌时才买上一杯酒喝。我曾见过他一口气连赢五盘。赢牌后他便把纸牌整整齐齐地叠好，然后直起身，神气十足地走向吧台。酒馆老板兼伙计胖子卡尔不等他走近吧台便会端起已斟了半杯酒酒杯问：“来杯什么酒？”“威士忌。”蒂莫西总是庄重地回答。（《中国翻译》，

年第2期）

原文选自于1938年发表美国著名作家约翰·斯坦贝克小说《约翰尼·伯尔》。原文第一段第二句中，prohibition即使没有首字母大写，不过从作品反应年代以及小说上下文来看，prohibition应该指1920年至1933年间美国禁酒。而repeal指repealoftheprohibition，即废除禁酒令法令。

第二段最终一句话What’llitbe，依据情景不一样，能够有很多不一样了解。不过，原文中该句出现情景是：在酒馆中，酒馆老板兼伙计向赢钱后打算买一杯酒喝客人问询；而且下文中客人回答是“威士忌”。据此，这句话翻译应该是：来杯什么酒。TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.ParagraphOneIamajournalist,notahistorian,andwhilethisbookisanefforttodescribeamomentinthepast,itislessaworkofhistorythanofpersonalreminiscenceandreflection.Essentially,itisanaccountofmyownobservationsandexperiencesinwartimeWashington,supplementedbymaterialdrawnfrominterviewsandothersources.Ihavetriedtocreateoutofitallaportraitofthepainandstruggleofacityandagovernmentsuddenlycalledupontofight,andtoleadothernationsinfighting,thegreatestwarinhistory,butpatheticallyandsometimeshilariouslyunpreparedtodoso.TranslationforReference:

我是新闻工作者，不是历史学家，所以本书描写即使是过往岁月中一刻，却称不上是一部史学著作，而仅是个人追思。书中所写主要是战争期间我本人在华盛顿观察和经历，辅以采访等材料。我试图刻画一个城市和一个政府痛苦与挣扎，这个城市和政府突然被要求参加战争，还要在战争中领导别国家，参加又是有史以来最伟大战争，实在是有些措手不及，所以表现得很糟糕，有时甚至很可笑。ParagraphTwoThisisboundtobesomewhereclosetothelastreportingfromthatperiodbasedonfirsthandsources.Oneafteranother,withunsettlingrapidity,thoseinpositionsofpowerandresponsibilityduringWorldWarIIarepassingfromthescene.SeveralwhoagreedtorecallanddescribetheirexperiencesinthewaryearsdiedbeforeIcouldgettothem.TranslationforReference:

这几乎必定是以第一手资料写成、相关那个时期最终一场报道。二战中位高权重人物一个接一个很快逝世，实在令人不安。有几位原本已经答应回想并讲述一下他们在二战中经历，可我还没来得及造访，他们就离开了人世。ParagraphThree

IhavenotdealthereinanydetailwiththegrandstrategyofthewarinEuropeandthePacific.Instead,IhavetriedtoreportmainlyonwhatIsawandheardandlearnedinWashingtonduringyearsnowfadingintoamistypast,thewartimeexperienceofacountrytwo-thirdsofwhosepeoplearenowtooyoungtorememberanyofit.TheresultisasortofOurTownatwar,thestoryofacityastonishedandoftenconfusedtofinditselfatthecenterofaworldwideconflictwithouteverhearingashotfired.Astrangecity,setupinthefirstplacetobethecenterofgovernmentand,likegovernmentitselfatthattime,acitymovingslowlyanddoinglittle.TranslationforReference:我在本书中没有对欧洲及太平洋战区中宏大战略做详尽描述。相反，我主要报道了那些年我在华盛顿所见所闻。这些往事已经在人们记忆中变得越来越含糊，对于那场战争，这个国家中有三分之二人都太年轻，对它并无记忆。结果，本书描写就是一个以战争为背景“我们小镇”，讲是一个城市在根本没有听到一声枪响情况下，就卷入了一场全球性冲突，因而变得很惊愕，经常也很迷惑。这是一个不一样寻常城市，设置时主要是想将它建成政府中心，所以这个城市便和当初政府一样，行动十分迟缓，所做相当有限。LettersofApplicationFocusedWritingTheformatofaletterofapplicationAnapplicationletteriscustomarilylaidoutasfollows:*Thesender’saddress;*Thedate;*Theaddressee’saddress;*Thesalutation;*Thebodyoftheletter*Thecomplimentaryclose;*Thesignature.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill*Thebodyoftheletterisusuallycomprisedof:—anintroductoryparagraph,statingthepurposeoftheletter.Whenapplyingforajob,peopleusuallyindicatethesourceoftheirinformationaboutthejob,say,anewspaperadvertisementorapersonalcontact.Ifapplyingforagraduateprogram,peopleusuallymentionbynametheirsponsor,mentororaseniortutorwhohasrecommendedthattheyapply;—mainbodyparagraphs,highlightingthemainqualificationsandpresentingevidencecloselytiedtothejoborthegraduateprogram;—aclosingparagraph,indicatingyourhopetobeabletomeettoexplorefurtherhowyoumaybeofhelptothecompany;FocusedWriting—WritingSkill

Differencesbetweenacademicandbusinesslettersofapplication

Thoughacademicandbusinesslettersofapplicationareverysimilarintermsoffunctionandlayout,thecontentdifferssignificantlyinquantityandkind.Whenyouareapplyingforagraduateprogramorafacultypositionwithacollegeoruniversity,theapplicationletterneedstoleaveastrongimpressionasapromisingresearcherorteacher.Thus,anacademicapplicationlettershouldbelongenoughtohighlightinsomedetailyouraccomplishmentsduringyouracademicyears.However,theapplicationletterforotherjobvacanciesisrelativelybriefandconcisebecauseitisusuallyaccompaniedbyacopyofyourCV.FocusedWriting—WritingSkillFocusedWriting—WritingSampleAnAcademicApplicationLetterTel:0088104509876Email:limin@TheAmericanGraduateSchoolofInternationalManagement15429N.59thAve.GlendaleArizona85306-6003TheSchoolofManagementShanghaiJiaotongUniversity535,FahuazhenRoadShanghai,P.R.China,52July5th,寄信人地址普通写在右上角。然后写日期。收信人地址普通写在左面，低于寄信人地址。FocusedWriting—WritingSampleDearSirorMadam,Withtheenclosedapplicationandsupportingdocumentation,IamexpressingmysincereinterestinbeingacceptedintotheMasterofInternationalManagementGraduateProgramatTheAmericanGraduateSchoolofInternationalManagement.AnAcademicApplicationLetter先是写问候语。然后是介绍段:作者表明要去这所学校攻读硕士兴趣。FocusedWriting—WritingSample

IfeelconfidentthatIamwellequippedforgraduatestudiesininternationalbusiness,andIfeelcertainIcouldonedaybecomeadistinguishedalumnusofyourfineinstitution.Asyouwillseefrommyrésumé,IalreadyholdaB.Sc.degreeinBusinessandMarketingandIread,write,andspeakEnglishfluently.MyEnglishlanguageskillswererefinedandimprovedwhileworkingasaninterpreteratthe/CantonFair(China)andasatourguideforforeigndelegations.AnAcademicApplicationLetter这里开始是申请函主体，因为要去攻读学位，所以要从多个方面来阐述自己就是合格人选。这里作者主要从自己学业和语言能力来证实自己优异。FocusedWriting—WritingSampleInadditiontomyexperienceasaninterpreterandtourguide,IhaveextensiveworkexperiencewhichIbelievewillhelptomakemeavaluablememberoftheMIMprogram.Whileworkinginsummerandpart-timejobstofinancemycollegeeducation,Igainedexperienceinawiderangeofpositionsworkinginretail:salesandmarketingandintheconstruction,hospitality,andtransportationindustries.AnAcademicApplicationLetter作者从自己兼职经从来深入说明自己能力。FocusedWriting—WritingSample

Asyouwillseewhenyoureadmyessay,mygoalistobecome

thechiefexecutiveofficerofacompanydoingbusinessinAsia,andI

feelmybackgroundthusfar,combinedwiththeprogramofgraduate

studiesofferedbytheAmericanGraduateSchoolofInternational

Business,willhelpmeachievethataim.IfeelIwouldbeacreditto

thebusinesscommunitybecauseofmystrongconvictionofthe

economicnecessitythatmakingaprofitmustbebalancedbyregard

forcustomersandrespectforemployees.AnAcademicApplicationLetter作者阐述自己今后职业规划和理念，为自己申请加砝码。FocusedWriting—WritingSampleIcanassureyouinadvancethatIwouldbeanassettothenextenteringclassandasagraduate.IfIcanprovideanyfurtherinformationpleasedonothesitatetocontactme.Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.Yourssincerely,LiMinEnclosures:ApplicationForm,Essay,Résumé,LetterofReference结尾段：作者再次强调自己信心以及愿意提供更多信息。信尾客套话以及署名。AnAcademicApplicationLetterFocusedWriting—WritingSampleABusinessApplicationLetterMs.GailRobertsRecruitingCoordinatorDepartmentDRR1201DatabaseCorporationPrinceton,NewJersey0587634SecondStreetTroyNewYork12180May4th,寄信人地址普通写在右上角。然后写日期。收信人地址普通写在左面，低于寄信人地址。

FocusedWriting—WritingSampleDearMs.Roberts,YouradvertisementforsoftwareengineersintheJanuaryissueoftheIEEESpectrumcaughtmyattention.IwasdrawntotheadbymystronginterestinbothsoftwaredesignandDatabase.ABusinessApplicationLetter先是写问候语。然后是介绍段:作者说明了解职位空缺渠道。FocusedWriting—WritingSampleIhaveworkedwithaCALMAsystemindevelopingVLSIcircuits,andIalsohavesubstantialexperienceinthedesignofinteractiveCADsoftware.Becauseofthisexperience,Icanmakeadirectandimmediatecontributiontoyourdepartment.Ihaveenclosedacopyofmyrésumé,whichdetailsmyqualificationsandsuggestshowImightbeofservicetoDatabase.ABusinessApplicationLetter主体:作者阐述自己能够胜任这项职位资格和经历。这一部分能够简短，因为申请职位普通都要附上自己简历。FocusedWriting—WritingSampleIwouldlikeverymuchtomeetwithyoutodiscussyouropenpositionsforsoftwareengineers.Ifyouwouldliketoarrangeaninterview,pleasecontactmeattheaboveaddressorbytelephoneat(518)271-9999oremail:jsmith@Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Yourssincerely,JosephSmithEncl.:RésuméABusinessApplicationLetter结尾段：作者请求面试。信尾客套话以及署名。BasicPatterns:1.Iamdesirousofsecuringapositionthat…我欲谋一……职位。2.Iamwritingtoapplyfor…whichwasadvertised…我欲申请在……广告上提供……职位3.Ishouldliketoapplyfortheposition(of…)mentionedinyouradvertisementin…你们登在……广告上提到要招牌一名……，我想申请这一职位。4.Learningfromthatyouarelookingfora...,Ishouldliketoapplyfortheposition.从……得知你们正在物色一名……，我愿申请此职位。5.Inapplyingforthepositionof...,Ioffermyqualifications,whichIbelievewillmeetyourexactingrequirements.我欲申请……职位，我相信我条件能满足你们现行要求。6.Knowingsomethingofthescopeandenterpriseofyourhugeexportdepartment,Ithoughtperhapsyouwouldkeepmeinmindforapossibleopening.我对贵企业出口部业务略悉，您可能能为我安排一份工作。7.Acopyofmyantecedentsinenclosedforyourreference.兹附上个人资料一份，供您参阅。8.Ihaveenclosedacopyofmyresumeforyourreference.附简历一份，供您参阅。9.Enclosedpleasefindaresumeandaphoto.随信寄上简历和一张照片。10.IbelievethatIhavethetraining,experienceandqualitiesthatyouarelookingfor.我相信我所接收培训，以及我经验和资历，都非常适合贵企业需要。11.Mystudieshaveincludedcoursesin...我学过课程包含……