中考英语语法复习-动词不定式

中考语法复习——动词不定式趋势研判。Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?(12)I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework_______.doB.doesC.doingD.todoHepromise_______hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.(13)seeB.seeingC.sawD.toseeWhenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.(14)saveB.savingC.savedD.tosave4.Myparentsdidn’tallowme_____totheparty.(15)A.go B.togo C.goes D.went5.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered_____metowatchanopera.(16)A.took B.takes C.totake D.taking6.Weonlyplannedtheplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.(17)A.watchB.watches C.towatch D.watched7.Harryinvitedme_______withhimwhenhisparentswereoutoftown.(18)A．stay B．staved C．staying D．tostay8.Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparksprotectpandas.(19)A．tohelp B．help C．helped D．helps9.I’vejustwatchedaTVprogrammeaboutspace.Ihope____onthemoononeday.（20）A．walk B．walked C．walking D．towalk10.WhenIwasyoung,myparentstaughtme________olderpeoplekindly.（21）A．treats B．totreat C．treated D．treat11.Tom’smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.(11)A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped二、理论支撑。M5动词不定式(1)：当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况。像这种情况，行为动词后的动词采用了“to+”的结构。我们把这种结构称为。它没有和的变化，在句中不能作谓语，所以它又被归为动词中的一种。动词不定式的语法功能：首先，它可以在句中充当宾语成分，我们结合本模块中所出现的包含动词不定式的句子来看一下:Youknow,Iwanted（see）theBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered（take）methere.Weonlyplanned（watch）foranhour.我们原先只打算看一个小时。Ihope（understand）morenexttime.我希望下次能懂得多一些。可以看出，以上句子里want,plan,hope动词后都连接了todosth.的不定式结构，这类动词属于及物动词，动词不定式置于谓语动词之后作，表明想要、计划或希望要做(或发生)的事。在英语中，并不是所有的动词在连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式。一般来说，用不定式时，所表示的多为的行为。但是，在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也不同。常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的结构有:计划做某事：决定做某事：想要做某事：希望做某事：提出做某事：尽力努力做某事：喜欢做某事：爱做某事：学习做某事：双宾语：当我们表达“给某人某物”时就出现了两个动作的承受者，一个是，一个是，那么在英语中该如何排列呢?请看下面的例句:Ittellsus（人/物）thestoryofWangLifa（人/物）andthecustomersofhisteahouseinBeijing.该话剧为我们讲述的是北京一家茶馆的老板王利发和他的顾客们的故事。LaoSheTeahousegivesawarmwelcome（人/物）toeveryone（人/物）fromallovertheworld.老舍茶馆热情地欢迎来自世界各地的人们。可以看出,(1)采用了“动词++”的表达方式,(2)采用了“动词++”的方式。句中动词后面所接的是双宾语，其中人(第一句中的us与第二句中的everyone)为宾语，物(第一句中的thestory和第二句中的awarmwelcome)为宾语。可以接双宾语的动词很多，常见的有:give,bring,lend,pass,send,show,leave,buy,tell,teach,sell等。例如:Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooks.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。Myunclegaveaprettybirthdaypresent.我叔叔给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。Canyoupassthatpencil?你能把那支铅笔递给我吗?WhoteachesEnglish?谁教你(们)英语?注意:双宾语结构为“动词+物+人”时，宾语(人)前要加入适当的介词。根据动词的不同，有时用有时用。例如:Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooksme.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。Waitersbringteathecustomers.服务员给顾客上茶。其他常用的结构包括:为某人做饭：=发送某物给某人：=给某人展示某物：=给某人某物：=教某人某事：=借某人某物：=制作某物为某人：=M6动词不定式（2）在上一个模块，我们学习了动词不定式作宾语的功能，那么，动词不定式的语法功能还有哪些呢?我们以课本上的句子为例来看一下：1...becausepeopleclosertothem.因为它(卧龙大熊猫自然保护区)允许人们更近距离地接触它们(大熊猫)。2.TheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)thepandaitssymbol.世界自然基金会选择了大熊猫作为其标志。3theWWFisworkinghardthemall世界自然基金会正在努力挽救所有的动物。观查以上句子，我们可以发现动词不定式的另外两种语法功能:一种是在“动词+宾语+动词不定式”的结构中充当宾语的，另一种是在句中表示行为动作的，作目的状语。1.动词不定式作宾语补足语在以上3个例句中，句子的不定式都作宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充说明。例如句子1中people作allow的,togetclosertothem作宾语people的。宾语people与宾补构成关系，peoplegetclosertothem，这种关系是其他句型所没有的。可用于“动词+宾语+动词不定式”这一结构的动词有很多，例如：允许某人做某事：选择某人做某事：想要某人做某事：告诉某人做某事：请求某人做某事：邀请某人做某事：帮助某人做某事：鼓励某人做某事：需要注意的是:1)以上动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，若要表达否定的意思，要在前加，构成的形式。例如:MrHantoldusmaketoomuchnoise.韩先生告诉我们不要弄出太大声音。Jackietoldmetouchanything!杰基告诉我不要碰任何东西!有些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，要将to省略，常见的这类动词有（初中阶段常见不是全部）:四看：三让：两听：一感觉：半帮助：例如:I’llhaveTonyyouaroundtheschool.我会让托尼带你参观校园。Hiswordsmadeeveryone.他的话让大家哄堂大笑。但是本模块的课文中出现了这样一句话:Manywildanimalsdon'thaveasafeplacetolive.这里的不定式是作（宾语/宾补/状语/定语）。注意:动词help后面可以跟不带to的不定式，也可以跟带to的不定式。2.动词不定式作目的状语如果表示“”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，上面的例句3中，tosavethemall就是目的状语。在此情况下，不定式既可放在，也可放在。例如:Dylantrainedhardimprovehisbasketballskills.迪伦刻苦训练以提高自己的篮球技能。也可以说:improvehisbasketballskills,Dylantrainedhard.当然，根据表达的需要，动词不定式还可以作原因状语和结果状语等。I’mexcitedtoseepandas.（原因状语/结果状语）Jackhurriedtoschool,onlytofindnobodythere.（原因状语/结果状语）动词不定式的用法总结如下:1.作动词宾语wanttodosth.,agreetodosth.,decidetodosth.等结构，这些放在谓语动词之后的不定式作谓语动词的宾语。例如:IdecidedtojoinsomestudentclubsandtakepartinasmanyactivitiesasIcould.我决定加入一些学生俱乐部，尽我所能多参加活动。NormanBethunewantedtohelptheChinesepeople,sohecametoChina.诺曼.白求恩想帮助中国人民，所以他来到了中国。2.作宾语补足语我们常说的不定式作宾语补足语是指v.+名词/代词+(to)dosth.结构中的不定式。这类不定式变否定时只需在前加not，其中的to在某些动词后需省略。请看以下例句:Itoldthemtostop,buttheywouldn't.我让他们停下，可他们不听。Theyaskedmetoleave.他们让我离开。MissSmithmadetheboysstayinafterschool.放学后史密斯小姐让男孩子们留校了。Let'snotargueaboutit.我们就别争论这件事了。3.作目的状语不定式作目的状语时，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。例如:Hegotupatfiveo'clocktocatchtheearlybus.他5点就起床去赶早班车。Towatchbaseball,youneedtogototheYankeeStadium.想看棒球比赛，你得去扬基体育场。三、模拟训练。1.I’mnewhere.Don’tworry.I’lltrymybestyou.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpedD.helping2.We’dbetterfollowtheseven-stephandwashingmethodhealthy.A.tokeepB.keepingC.keptD.keep3.WhenIcamein，IsawhimTV.A.watchB.watchesC.watchedD.watching4.Later，developmentsinprintingmadeitpossiblebooksmorequicklyandcheaply.A.produceB.toproduceC.producedD.producing5.Imanagedtheworkontimealthoughitwasverydifficult.A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished6.Fourboysbrokethewindowsoftheclassroom.SoMissLiumadetheminafterschool.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayD.stayed7.Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.A.saveB.savingC.savedD.tosave8.Marydecidedthatdictionaryalthoughitwasexpensive.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought9.Myfathergotupearlybreakfastformymotherthismorningbecauseitwasmymother’sbirthday.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake10.IsawPaulthatoldcarwhenIpassedhishouse.A.repairsB.repairingC.repairedD.torepair11.ourprogressinlearningEnglish.A.checkB.checkedC.checkingD.tocheek12.Doyouclimbmountainseveryday？Yes，alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget13.Thegirllostherfavouritebook.Shecouldn’thelpA.cryingB.tocryC.criedD.cry14.Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly？Yes,thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A.catchB.tocatchC.catchingD.caught15.Ispendalotoftimeonlinelessonsathome.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has16.Hisstorymadeeveryonelaughandwewantedhimonemore.A.tellB.tellingC.totellD.told17.Jack，rememberoffthelightswhenyourbedroom.OK，Iwon’tforget，mom.A.turning:leavingB.toturn；leaveC.turning；leftD.toturn；leaving18.Yourfatherissleeping.You’dbetter.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup19.Weshouldworkhardpeoplekillingtigers.A.stopB.stoppingC.tostopD.stops20.Theboypromisedlateforschoolagain.A.nottobeB.tonotbeC.notbeingD.beingnot21.Vivianrefusesherchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A.tosendB.sendingC.sendD.sends22.ParentsandchildrenalwaysexpectmoreMonkeyKingcartoons.A.seeB.toseeC.sawD.seeing23.IttookmydaughtertwoweeksthenovelsbyYangHongying.A.read;writtenB.toread;writtenC.reading:towriteD.toread:wrote24.Idon’tthinkIcanaffordforthecar.A.payingB.paidC.topayD.pay25.ChoosemeasyourclassmonitorandIpromiseeveryone，classmatesandteachers.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped26.Bethuneworkedforsixty-ninehourswithoutstoppingandmanagedoverahundredlives.A.savedB.tosaveC.savingD.saves27.TaijiismyfavoritesportandIoftenplayithealthy.A.tokeepB.keepsC.keepingD.kept28.Themonitorspokemoreloudlyeveryonehearhim.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake29.Thegovernmentshouldmakelawsallthepeopleinpublic.A.prevent；nottosmokeB.toprotect；smokingC.toprevent；smokingD.protect；nottosmoke30.LuxundecidedtheChinesepeoplebecomehealthyandstrong，sohebecameadoctor.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp31.Thewomanmadehissonfinallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughedB.tolaughC.laughD.laughing32.Whenyouleave，pleaseturnoffthelightenergy.A.savingB.savesC.savedD.tosave33.moreaboutthatsmalltown,Jackdecidedonlineandlookupsomeinformationaboutit.A.Toknow;goingB.Toknow;togoC.Knowing;togoD.Knowing;going34.Wouldyowmindnotnoise?Aliceissleeping.Sorry,Ididn'tknow,Ishewasawak.A.Make;thinkB.making;thoughtC.making;thinkD.make;thought35.BettyonlyplannedtheoperaforanhourinLaoSheTeahouse.AwatchesBwatchingC,watchedD.towatch36.Howamazing!TheShapeofWaterwonfourOscarsthisMarch!Ijustcan'twaititinthecinema.A.towatchB.watchC.watchingD.towatching37.TomusuallymeetshisfriendsfishingSundaymorning.A.go;inB.goes:forC.togo;onD.togo;at38.Sorry,MrLi,Iforgotmyreportyesterday.Itdoesn'tmatter.IfyouhanditinbeforeFriday.it'sOK.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.wrote39.Ialwaystellmystudentsontheroadbecauseit'sreallydangerous.A.don'tplayB.notplayC.nottoplayD.notplaying40.Ifoundheraclevergirl.A.IsB.tobeC.wasD.tonotbe41.Tomhadabadcold.Thedoctoraskedhiminbed.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stays42.MypenpalAlicefounditdifficultChinesewell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned43.Iboughtabigboxbooksforkidsinpoorareas.A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collected44.Leonardo,afamousAmericanactor.wasalwaysexpectinganOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.notwinningD.nottowin45.Afterhefinishedtheexcitingstory,hetalkedaboutitonandonwithhisfriends.A.readsB.readC.readingD.toread46.Mydaughterthepiano.butshedoesn'titnow.A.likesp