初中英语语法非谓语动词1讲解练习

初中英语语法非谓语动词1解说练习初中英语语法非谓语动词1解说练习初中英语语法非谓语动词1解说练习非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数形式。吃得太多对你的健康有害。宾语动词宾语介词宾语表语定语

Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我特别喜爱打篮球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教课方法。

表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或常常性的动作。多数状况下，动名词作表语可转变为作主语。只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词从前。注意：英语中有一些词后边常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常有的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我们可按下边的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）连续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不由想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜爱想念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（二）动词不定式一、动词禁止时的构成禁止时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，自己无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。1二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforusto主语speakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不简单。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间房子。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜爱做什么运动？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜爱打篮球。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我向来弹钢琴。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原由）很对不起，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作主语

说明作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后边。多数状况下，不定式作表语，可变换作为主语。只好做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后边。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真切的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的质量的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪慧啦。不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只好用不定式作宾语，常有的这种词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今夜想去看电影吗？②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it取代，而将真切的宾语放在后边。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.③常有的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓舞我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，一定加上to。如：2Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一通宵。不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词以后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。②假如是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上合适的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担忧的。5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。例题()1.Tom'smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.A:stoppingB:tostopC:stopsD:stopped()2.Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.A:whattodoB:todowhatC:whethertodoD:todowhether()3.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A:helpB:helpingC:tohelpD:helps()4Driversshouldn'tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A:driveB:drivingC:todrive()5.WaterParkisagoodplace________.A:tohavefunB:havefunC:havingfunD:tohaveafun()6.Taketimetorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.Relaxingallowsyou_______toyourstudieswithmoreenergy.A:returnB:toreturnC:returning()7.Nick,wouldyoumind________thoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.A:nottowearB:notwearC:wearingnotD:notwearing()8.—_______avolunteerisgreat.—Ithinkso.Someofuswant_______volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.A:Being；beingB:Tobe；beingC:Being；tobeD:Tobe；tobe( )9.—Don'tforget______yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon't.A:bringB:tobringC:bringing( )10.—Whatabout_______arest?—OK.Let'sgooutandhaveawalk.A:totakeB:takesC:taking( )11.—Ilikethissetofsofasomuch,butIdon'tknow______itinmysmallhouse.—You'resupposedtoputitinthelivingroom.A:wheretoputB:whytoputC:howtoput( )12.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped______andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.A:torun;toseeB:running;seeingC:running;tosee( )13.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.3A:writeB:writingC:towriteD:written( )14.—Ifeelabithungrynow.—Whynot_______fordinnerwithus?A:goB:didyougoC:togoD:doyougo练习( )1.Grannyoftentellsus________waterinourdailylife.A:saveB:savingC:tosaveD:saves( )2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished________theemail.A:writeB:towriteC:writingD:wrote( )3.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme______it?A:howtouseB:whattouseC:howcanIuseD:whatcanIuse( )4.—Where'syourbrothernow，Bob?—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim_______.A:playing；don'tdosoB:playing；nottodosoC:play；todoso()5.Asteenagers,we'reoldenough_______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A:tohelpB:helpingC:helped()6.Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.A:readB:toreadC:reads()7Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents_______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A:writeB:towriteC:writtenD:writing()8.Tomoftenmakeshissister,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhissister.A:cry;tocryB:tocry;cryC:cry;cryD:tocry;tocry()9.You'dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A:don'tspendB:nottospendC:tonotspendD:notspend()10.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_______theold.A:servedB:toserveC:serveD:serves()11.Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking()12.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_________megoinfirst.A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask()13.Shesawsomeboys_________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.A.playedB.toplayC.playing()14.—Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter?—Sorry,Iprefer_________ratherthan_________.A.tostayathome;gooutB.togoout;stayathomeC.stayingathome;