(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向58 语法填空之解答谓语类填空的4策略(解析版)

考向58语法填空解答谓语类填空的4策略策略一4个微技能搞定谓语动词时态【考情再现】1.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)eq\a\vs4\al(The80，000objects)collectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedeq\a\vs4\al(in1759).答案与解析formed句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子结构可知，collectedbySirHansSloane是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词objects，故空处是谓语动词，根据该句时间状语in1759可知，主句谓语所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语objects与form“构成”是主动关系，故填formed。2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)eq\a\vs4\al(Inrecentyears)someInuitpeopleinNunavut________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.答案与解析havereported句意：近年来，一些因纽特人报告说，在人类居住地附近看到北极熊的次数有所增加，这让人们以为熊的数量正在增加。根据该句时间状语Inrecentyears可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填havereported。3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)eq\a\vs4\al(Since2011)，eq\a\vs4\al(thecountry)________(grow)morecornthanrice.答案与解析hasgrown句意：自2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据句中时间状语Since2011可知，此处谓语动词用现在完成时，且主语thecountry是第三人称单数形式，故填hasgrown。4.(2020·浙江高考7月卷)eq\a\vs4\al(Byabout6000BC)，eq\a\vs4\al(people)________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.答案与解析haddiscoveredby＋过去时间，表“到……为止”，该句谓语所表示的动作先于过去的时间“公元前6000年”之前发生，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填haddiscovered。5.(2020·浙江高考7月卷)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It'sbecauseI________(practice)aloteq\a\vs4\al(thesedays).答案与解析havebeenpracticing句中时间状语是thesedays，结合“Youareagreatswimmer”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表动作的持续，强调一直在练习，填havebeenpracticing。微技能1时间状语判断法在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语确定对应时态。①一般现在时：sometimes,everyweek/day/year/morning等。②一般过去时：yesterday,lastweek/night/year/month,theotherday,in＋过去的年份、时间段＋ago,时间段＋later等。③现在进行时：look,listen,now,atpresent,atthismoment/time等。④过去进行时：atthattime/moment等。⑤一般将来时：tomorrow,nextweek/year,in＋时间段，inthefuture等。⑥将来进行时：atsix/thistimetomorrow等。⑦现在完成时：since＋时间点，recently,latelyalready,sofar,eversince,upto/until/bynow,during/over/inthelast/past＋时间段，in/overrecent＋时间段等。⑧过去完成时：bythen,untilthen,by/before/tilltheendof＋过去时间点等。【考情再现】6.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theyeq\a\vs4\al(smiled)eq\a\vs4\al(and)________(point)downtheriver.答案与解析pointedand是并列连词，在该句中连接两个并列谓语，两个并列谓语时态应一致，根据and前的smiled可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填pointed。7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Ourhostseq\a\vs4\al(shared)manyoftheirexperiencesand________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.答案与解析recommended分析句子结构可知，“and”连接的是两个并列的谓语，时态应一致，设空处应用一般过去时，故填recommended。8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIeq\a\vs4\al(frightened)eachother,Ieq\a\vs4\al(was)justgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal________(mean)menorealharm.答案与解析meant设空处所填谓语动词与句中已有的谓语动词frightened和was时态一致，应用一般过去时，故填mean的过去式meant。牢记：①mean_sb._no_harm/mean_no_harm_to_sb._“对某人没有恶意”；②不规则动词mean(意味，打算)—meant—meant—meaning。9.(2020·浙江高考7月卷改编)Thisstyleoffarmingeq\a\vs4\al(lasted)forquitealongtime.Then,withtheriseofscience,changes________(begin).答案与解析began设空所在句的前面一句是过去时，根据时态一致原则可知，该句也应用一般过去时。故填began。微技能2参考语境和并列谓语(1)语境理解少不了：题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)瞻前顾后找并列：①可根据并列连词and,but,or,aswellas,ratherthan,both...and...,neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；②同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。【考情再现】10.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)“Thisreallyeq\a\vs4\al(excites)scientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit________(mean)weeq\a\vs4\al(have)thechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon________(construct)”.答案与解析means;isconstructed主句是一般现在时，故because引导的从句也用一般现在时，主语是it，该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。第二空是how引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，主语themoon与动词construct之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，means后的宾语从句是一般现在时，该处用一般现在时，又主语themoon是单数，故填isconstructed。11.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________(declare)sheeq\a\vs4\al(had)noplanstoretirefromher36­year­oldbusiness.答案与解析declared本句为主从复合句，设空后的“shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36­year­oldbusiness”为宾语从句，设空处在句子中作主句的谓语，应与宾语从句谓语时态一致，用一般过去时，故填declared。12.(2020·天津高考7月卷)Inever________(worry)aboutmysonwhileIwasawaybecausemymotherkeptaneyeonhim.答案与解析worried句意：我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。while引导的从句是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，填worried。13.(2019·浙江高考)Wheneverypupilintheschooleq\a\vs4\al(wears)theuniform,nobody________(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).答案与解析willhave/has句意：当学校里每个学生都穿校服时，没有人需要/会担心时尚问题。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时willdo；根据语境可知，本处叙述的是客观事实，因此，也可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填willhave/has。14.(2019·浙江高考)OnestudyinAmericaeq\a\vs4\al(found)thatstudents'grades________(improve)alittleaftertheschooleq\a\vs4\al(introduced)uniforms.答案与解析improved句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校推行校服制度后，学生的成绩有所提高。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句子中作宾语从句的谓语，宾语从句中的时间状语是after引导的时间状语从句，主从句时态应保持一致，宾语从句应用一般过去时，故填improved。微技能3时态呼应判断法①在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。②在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。微技能4固定句型判断法①祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。②This/It/Thatis＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在完成时。③This/It/Thatwas＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用过去完成时。④Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋sincesb./sth.did...⑤was/weredoingsth.whensb./sth.did...⑥nosooner/hardlyhadsb.donesth.than/whensb./sth.did...⑦bythetime＋sb./sth.did，主语＋haddone...策略二辨别逻辑，析主动或被动【考情再现】15.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)eq\a\vs4\al(Theparts)ofamuseumopentothepublic________(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollectioneq\a\vs4\al(is)ondisplay.答案与解析arecalled根据下一句的时态结合此处描述的是客观情况可知，该句应用一般现在时；主语Theparts与call是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语Theparts是复数概念。故填arecalled。16.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Theartistwassureeq\a\vs4\al(he)eq\a\vs4\al(would)________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.答案与解析bechosen本句主语he与choose是被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填bechosen。choose(选择)—chose—chosen—choosing。17.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay,eq\a\vs4\al(we)________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.答案与解析wereinvited设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay”可知，此处表发生在过去的动作，且主语we与invite之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为we，故填wereinvited。18.(2020·浙江高考7月卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodforpersonthanhuntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________(need).答案与解析wasneeded主语morefood和need之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。as引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填wasneeded。19.(2020·浙江高考1月卷)Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould________(place)onlongevity(长寿).答案与解析beplaced该句主语attention与place是被动关系，且设空前是情态动词should，故填beplaced。placeattentionon“注重；关注”。【技巧微点】解题时要首先找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：①主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态；②主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态(1)①一般现在时：am/is/aredone；②一般过去时：was/weredone；③一般将来时：willbedone；④过去将来时：wouldbedone；⑤现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone；⑥过去进行时：was/werebeingdone；⑦现在完成时：has/havebeendone；⑧过去完成时：hadbeendone。(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋bedone。(3)牢记常考的不及物动词，如：remain,happen,occur,belongto等。策略三主谓一致定词形【考情再现】20.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhyeq\a\vs4\al(decoratingwithplants，)eq\a\vs4\al(fruitsandflowers)________(carry)specialsignificance.答案与解析carries这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。21.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threeeq\a\vs4\al(are)declining,six________(be)stable,oneeq\a\vs4\al(is)increasing,andnineeq\a\vs4\al(lack)enoughdata.答案与解析are本句由多个分句并列组成，其中设空处所在的分句的主语是six,为复数概念，谓语应用复数，且下文的lack也是提示；本句叙述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。22.(2020·天津高考7月卷)eq\a\vs4\al(Thenumberofmedicalschools)reached18intheearly1990sand________(remain)aroundthatleveleq\a\vs4\al(eversince).答案与解析hasremained根据句中时间状语eversince“从那以后”可知，该句用现在完成时。主语为Thenumberofmedicalschools，thenumberof表“……的数目”，修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain“保持”是不及物动词，无被动语态，故填hasremained。23.(2020·天津高考5月卷)Asurveycarriedoutlastyeareq\a\vs4\al(showed)thateq\a\vs4\al(80%ofthemiddle­aged)inthiscity________(be)infavouroftheproposalonhealthcarereform.答案与解析were该句时间状语是lastyear，主句是一般过去时，故从句中应用一般过去时，“百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与介词of后的名词的数保持一致。themiddle­aged指一类人，表复数意义，谓语用复数，故填were。【技巧微点】(1)一致原则：①主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；②定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。(2)就近原则：①or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...等连接并列主语时；②在there/herebe句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。(3)就远原则：“名词＋介词(with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/inadditionto/including等)＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。策略四情态动词/虚拟语气凸显谓语【考情再现】24.(2020·天津高考7月卷)Jimsayswe________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.答案与解析can根据后面的“aslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，此处表“许可”，故填情态动词can。25.(2020·江苏高考)IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,Iwouldn't________(be)whereIam.答案与解析be此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后whereIam可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用woulddo形式。空前已有wouldn't,故填be。26.(2020·天津高考5月卷)Youshouldn't________(scold)himforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.答案与解析havescolded根据前后句关系可知，此处表示“本不该”，是shouldn'thavedone指做了本不该做的事，空前已有shouldn't,故填havescolded。27.(2019·天津高考)Theworkerseq\a\vs4\al(werenotbetter)eq\a\vs4\al(organized)，otherwisetheywould________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.答案与解析haveaccomplished根据空前的“Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构相当于：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should(would,could,might)＋现在完成时＋其他，设空前已有would,故填haveaccomplished。28.(2018·北京高考)Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.答案与解析can句意：在当今信息时代，丢失数据有可能给公司带来严重的问题。can表客观可能性“有时可能”。29.(2018·北京高考)Theyeq\a\vs4\al(mighthavefound)abetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.答案与解析haddriven由主句谓语“mighthavefound”可知，if从句是对过去事实的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时，故填haddriven。30.(2018·江苏高考)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)eq\a\vs4\al(asecondchance)tobecomemoreinvolved.答案与解析hadwish后为宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，故填had。【技巧微点】情态动词和虚拟语气是高考设题的冷点(1)情态动词不能单独作谓语，需和后面的实义动词或be动词构成谓语：情态动词＋do/be；表对过去的猜测时用“情态动词＋havedone”。(2)虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的情况进行的虚拟，判断出时间后再根据相应的句型确定谓语动词的形式。(3)牢记几个句式：①wouldratherthat...did(与现在或将来相反)/haddone(与过去相反);②It's(high)timethat...did/shoulddo;③wishthat＋...would/coulddo(与将来事实相反);wishthat＋...did/were(与现在事实相反);wishthat＋...haddone(与过去事实相反)。【检测训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。Differencesinlifestylesandpersonalitiesresultinroommateconflicts.Onepersonlikesquiet,whiletheotherpersonturnsuphissoundsystemtothepoint1.thewholeroomtrembles.Mostroommateconflictsspringfromsuchsmall,2.(annoy)differencesratherthanfrommajordisagreements3.abstractphilosophicalprinciples.However,ifnot4.(deal)withcarefully,theywilleventuallytearroommatesapart.Roommateconflictsdoharm5.students’psychologicalhealthandcausedepression.Inextremecases,roommateconflictscanleadtoseriousviolence,6.theydidatHarvardlastspring:Onestudentkilledherroommatebeforecommittingsuicide.Sofar,manyschools7.(start)conflictresolutionprogramstocalmtensionsthatotherwisecanbuilduplikeavolcanopreparingtoexplode,8.(result)inphysicalviolence.Somecollegeshaveturnedto“roommatecontracts”thatallnewstudentshavetosignafterattendingaseminaronroommaterelations.Thecontractscovertermslike9.(accept)hoursforstudyandsleepandapolicyforuseofeachother’s10.(belong),etc.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，把答案写在答题卡的相应位置。Allhotelsareredecoratedregularly.However,veryfewdoitas11.(frequent)asSweden'sIcehotel.Asthenameindicates,thehotel12.(construct)entirelyfromiceand,therefore,hastoberebuilteveryyear!TheIcehotelconsistsof69rooms.Tomakethemaffordableforeveryone,theyrangefromexpensiveluxurysuites(套房)to13.(base)accommodations.Amongthisyear'suniquesuiteofferings14.(be)the“ElephantintheRoom”.15.(create)bySwedishartist,itfeaturesathree-meter-tallsculptedAfricanelephantoverlookinganicebed.The“CountingSheep”suitefeaturesfrozensheep16.mayhelppeoplesufferingfromsleeplessnessgetagoodnight.Tokeepcustomersentertained,thehoteloffersa17.(various)offunactivitieslikesnowshoeing,moose(驼鹿)orsnowmobilesafaris,dogsledding,andevenovernightwildernesscamping.Guestshavetolieinsidesleepingbagsandkeeptheirglovesandhatson.Thoughthatseemsalittleuncomfortable,visitorssayitis18.experiencelikenoneother.TheconstructionoftheIcehotelbeganin1989.Sadly,thehotelisonlyavailablebetweenDecember19.February.Withthetemperature20.(rise)afterthat,theIcehotelwilleventuallymeltintoahugepoolinmid-April.3阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Areallchangesgood?Itisacommonlyheldbeliefthataspeoplegetolder,theybecomeresistanttochange.Theircomplaintsthatthingsusedtobebetterinthepastor21.somenewdevelopmentisnogoodcanbedismissedastheunavoidablethoughtsofpeoplewho22.(simple)don'tlikechangeandaretherefore23.(able)toseethebenefitsofprogress.Butisthisautomaticallytrue?Aretheviewsofanolderpersononanewdevelopmentalwaystobedisregarded?Thiswouldsuggestthateverynewdevelopmentmustbeagood24.andsurelythatcannotlogicallybe25.case.Take26.(architect)forexample.Inthe1950sand1960s,manyolderBritishpeoplewerehighlycriticalofthenewconcretehousingblocksthatsuddenlysprangupincities,27.(say)thattheywereuglyanddepressingplacestolivein.Theywere28.(tell)thattheyweresimplybeingold-fashionedandthattheywereincapableofappreciatingtheadvantagesofthesenewbuildings,whichhadreplacedthestreetsofsmallhousesthattheywerefamiliarwith.29.decadeslater,theseverysameblockswerebeingpulled30.,asnewgenerationsdecidedtheywerebothuglyandbadforsociety.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Zhejiangprovinceplanstorolloutapilotcreditsystemforparents,31.willgivethempriorityforactivitiesorganizedbyeducationauthorities.Theaimoftheprojectis32.(encourage)parentstobemoreinvolvedintheirchildren'seducationandoverallgrowth,thoughtakingthecourseis33.(option).SincetheZhejiangDigitalParentSchoolopenedlastyearonZhijianghui,aneducationapp34.(release)bytheprovincialeducationdepartment,ithasissued220,000e-certificatestoparentswhoparticipatedindigitalparentschoolsacrosstheprovince.Approximately70percentofprimaryandmiddleschoolsintheprovince35.(expect)tobuilddigitalparentschoolsby2025,accordingtoablueprintfromtheprovincialeducationdepartment.Bytheendoflastyear,920onlineparentingeducationschoolsforprimaryandsecondaryschools36.(establish)acrossZhejiang,accountingfor15percentoftheprovince'sprimaryandsecondaryschools.Justover30percentwerelaunchedthroughtheZhijianghuiapp.SongLingshu,37.35-year-oldgraphicdesignerandmotherofa10-year-oldboyinHangzhou'sGongshudistrict,spokehighlyofsuch38.(move)."Suchtrainingisaimedatimprovingparents'capabilitiesin39.(they)parentingskillsandknowledge,"shesaid.40.,shesaidsuchcreditsystemsshouldnotbeconsideredaone-size-fits-allsolutionforparents,addingthatkindergartensandschoolsshouldplaytheirrolesinimprovingchildren'seducationalongsideparents.5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Althoughfestivalshavechangedalotwiththedevelopmentofsociety,theimportanceoftraditionalfestivalsintheirliveshasnever41.(change).Over5000yearshistoryhasbeenwitnessedthe42.(create)ofmanyChinesetraditionalfestivals—ChineseNewYear,ChineseMid-AutumnFestivals,theDragonBoatFestival,manyofwhich43.(have)alonghistoryinChina.It'sveryimportanttopromotetraditionalChinesefestivalsastraditionalfestivalsteachusaboutChinesevaluesandenableus44.(learn)moreaboutfineChinesevalue.More45.(importance),traditionalfestivalsareasourceofnationalprideandhelpshapeournationalidentity.Traditionalfestivalsarealso.46.reminderofwhatitmeanstobeChinese.MmotingtraditionalChinesefestivals.Firstly,thegovernmentshoulddeclarepublicholidaysonsometraditionalfestivals.Besides,themediacanhelpspreadmoreknowledgeaboutthesetraditions,48.(raise)people'sinterestintheoriginsandhistoryofthefestivals.Lastly,moreactivities49.(hold)byschoolscanhelpdrawstudents’attentiontoourtraditions.Withthejointeffortsofthesedifferentparties,peoplewillpaymoreattentiontotraditionalChinesefestivals,andbe50.(proud)ofChineseculture.6阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Thepublicnowadayshasa51.（misunderstand）offorestfires,52.（believe）thatfiresshouldbekeptoutofeverytypeofforest.ManyofuscanrecallSmokytheBear’sfamouswarning:“Remember,onlyyoucanpreventforestfires”.53.，that’snotalwaysthecase.Undertherightconditions,andwhenconductedsafely,firecancreatemanyenvironmentalbenefitsaswellashelppreventlarger,54.(control)wildfires.Afteraforestfire,manywildlifespecieswillmoveinto55.（recent）burnedareastofeedonthesenewlyavailablefoods.Somereptilesandamphibianssuchasthepine(松树)snakepreferforestsfrequently56.（burn）byfire.Ifyouareaskedtopicturetheforestfloor,57.doyousee?Pineneedles,cones,leaves,branchesmightcometomind—allsourcesoffuel.Ifthesefuelsourcesbuildup58.anytypeofremoval,the‘fuelload’canleadtofirescatastrophictoforestsandpeoplealike.Incontrast,prescribedfirecanbeusedbyforestprofessionalseverycoupleofyearstokeepforestfuelsatanappropriateandmanageablelevel.Theycanalsominimizethespreadofpest59.（insect）anddiseaseandremoveunwantedtreeandplantspecies.Plus,theycancreateandmaintainimportantwildlifehabitatsrichingrassesandpromote60.growthoftrees,wildflowersandothervariousplants.7阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。)Paper-makingisoneofthefourgreatancientChineseinventions.Papercanbe61.(use)bypeopleinmanyways.We62.(usual)usepapertomakenewspapers,magazinesandbooks.Thefamers63.liveinFinlandevenwearpaperbootstokeep64.(they)feetwarminthesnow.Paperismadefrom65.(difference)materials.However,wehaveto66.(understand)thatpapermainlycomesfromtrees.Somereportonlinesaidittookabout17treestomake1tonofpaper.Ifwekeepon67.(waste)paper,theforestsmay68.(appear)inthefuture.Sowemustsavepaper.Wecanuseboth69.(side)ofeverypieceofpaper,useglassesinstead70.papercup,etc.Inaword,weshouldkeepabalancebetweenusingpaperandprotectingtrees.8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2020,HuangXuhua71.(present)withChina'stopscientifichonor,theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardasoneofthechiefdesignersforChina’sfirstgenerationofnuclearsubmarines(潜水艇).Huangwasalsooneoftheeightleadingfigures72.receivedtheMedaloftheRepublicin2019fortheircontributions73.thenation.AftercompletinganengineeringdegreeinshipbuildingfromShanghaiJiaotongUniversityin1949,HuangjoinedChina'sfirstnuclearsubmarineproject.Duringthehardesttime,Chinawasunabletogetanyforeign74.(assist)sinceitwasunderatechnologyblockade(技术封锁)fromothercountries.75.(face)withvariousdifficulties，Huangandhisteamworkedoutmillionsofdatawithabacusandslipsticks(算盘和计算尺).76.(eventual),theymanagedtodevelopthefirstnuclearsubmarineinChina,thus77.(make)Chinathefifthcountryowningnuclearsubmarinesintheworld.For78.(decade),hisworkremainedatopsecret.Hemaintainedlittlecontactwithhisparents.“GiventhejobIdid,Ihadtomakefamilytieslessofapriority,”Huangrecalled.Hehasworkedonthedevelopmentofnuclearsubmarine,79.(lead)histeamtocarryoutresearchanddevelopmentofaseriesofkeymodels,andtrained80.largenumberofoutstandingscientificandtechnologicaltalents.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AlthoughtobaccouseamongChinesemiddleschoolstudentshasdecreasedinrecentyears,thenumberofelectroniccigarettesmokers81.(double).Despitebeingcalled82.“saferalternative”tosmoking,e-cigarettescontainnicotine,whichishighlyaddictiveandleadstomanyhealthissues,cancer83.(include).ThenewlyrevisedLawontheProtectionofMinors(未成年人),84.willtakeeffectonJune1st,2021,includes85.(policy)regardingelectroniccigarettesforthefirsttime.Itforbidsthesaleofe-cigarettestominors.Also,itbans86.(set)upcigarettestoresnearschoolsandplaceswhereminorsarepresent87.largenumbers.Thenewlaw88.(expect)tobeapowerfullegalweaponprotectingtheyouthandwill89.(fundamental)solvetheproblemoftobaccosalestominors.Comparedwiththepreviousversion,thenewlawlistsclearerpunishmentrulestocertainviolations.Storessellingcigarettestotheminorswillbefinedupto5,000yuan90.evenriskgettingtheirbusinesslicensecanceled.10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Fatherofhybridrice”,YuanLongpingdiedofillnessat13:07p.m.in91.hospitalinChangshaofHunanprovince.He92.(cultivate)theworld'sfirsthigh-yieldinghybridricestrainin1973,93.waslatergrownonalargescaleinChinaandothercountriestosubstantiallyraiseoutput.Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams—to“enjoythecoolunderthericecropstallerthanmen”andthathybridricecould94.(grow)allovertheworld95.(help)solvetheglobalfoodscarcity(短缺).EveryoneknowsthatheistheSavior(救世主),96.hesaidheisanoldfarmerwhohasgrownriceall97.life,andhewouldkeepworkingunlesshecouldnolongerseeorwalk.OnSeptember19,2020,YuanLongpingsenthisbestwishestotheyouthandsharedhiseightword98.(success)experience:knowledge,sweat,andopportunity.“Knowledgeisthefoundation.Sweatisthepractice,”hesaid.“Inspirationisasparkofthought.Everyonehasasparkofthoughtsodon'tgiveitup.”Healsosaid“Chancefavorsthe99.(prepare)mind!”inEnglish.Ourbestway100.(mourn)istocherisheverygraininthebowlandeverydaywithoutstarvation.参考答案11.where2.annoying3.on4.dealt5.to6.as7.havestarted8.resulting9.acceptable10.belongings【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生活方式和个性的差异导致了室友间的冲突，室友冲突对学生的心理健康有害，导致抑郁。在极端情况下，室友间的冲突可能会导致严重的暴力行为。到目前为止，许多学校已经开始了冲突解决项目，以平息紧张局势，否则，紧张局势可能会像准备爆发的火山一样积聚起来，导致肢体暴力。1.考查定语从句。句意：一个人喜欢安静，而另一个人则把音响调到整个房间都在颤抖的程度。此处为定语从句修饰先行词point，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。2.考查形容词。句意：大多数室友间的冲突都源于如此小而恼人的差异，而不是在抽象的哲学原则上的重大分歧。修饰后文名词differences应用形容词annoying，作定语。故填annoying。3.考查介词。句意：大多数室友间的冲突都源于如此小而恼人的差异，而不是在抽象的哲学原则上的重大分歧。结合句意表示“在……上有分歧”可知短语为disagreementon。故填on。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，如果不小心处理，它们最终会把室友们分开。分析句子结构可知deal在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语they构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填dealt。5.考查介词。句意：室友冲突对学生的心理健康有害，导致抑郁。结合句意表示“对……有害”可知短语为doharmto。故填to。6.考查连词。句意：在极端情况下，室友间的冲突可能会导致严重的暴力行为，正如去年春天在哈佛大学发生的事情那样：一名学生在自杀前杀死了她的室友。引导方式状语从句，表示“正如”应用as。故填as。7.考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，许多学校已经开始了冲突解决项目，以平息紧张局势，否则，紧张局势可能会像准备爆发的火山一样积聚起来，导致肢体暴力。根据上文sofar可知应用现在完成时，主语为manyschools，助动词用have。故填havestarted。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，许多学校已经开始了冲突解决项目，以平息紧张局势，否则，紧张局势可能会像准备爆发的火山一样积聚起来，导致肢体暴力。分析句子结构可知result在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语tensions构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填resulting。9.考查形容词。句意：这些合同包括学习和睡眠的可接受时间，以及使用彼此财产的政策等条款。修饰后文名词hours应用形容词acceptable，作定语。故填acceptable。10.考查名词。句意：这些合同包括学习和睡眠的可接受时间，以及使用彼此财产的政策等条款。空处作宾语，表示“财产”应用复数名词belongings。故填belongings。211.frequently12.isconstructed13.basic14.is15.Created16.which/that17.variety18.an19.and20.rising【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一家以冰雕为主题的特色旅馆。11.考查副词。句意：所有的酒店都会定期重新装修。然而，很少有像瑞典的一家冰上酒店做的那样经频繁地。修饰动词do作状语，需使用副词形式。故填frequently。

12.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：顾名思义，酒店完全是由冰建造的，因此必须每年重建。主语hotel和动词construct之间为被动关系，结合本句中的时态一般现在时，可知此空要使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isconstructed。13.考查形容词。句意：为了让每个人都能负担得起，他们的范围设定从昂贵的豪华套房，到基本的住宿都有。设空后为名词accommodations故用形容词作定语。故填basic。14.考查倒装。句意：今年独特的套房产品之一就是“大象在房中”。地点状语Amongthisyear'suniquesuiteofferings位于句首，使用完全倒装，主语为后边的the“ElephantintheRoom”是单数，故填is。15.考查非谓语动词。句意：由瑞典艺术家创造，它的特点是有一个俯瞰着冰床的三米高的雕刻的非洲大象。本句已有一个谓语动词features且没有连接词，需使用非谓语动词，create和主语it之间为被动关系，要使用过去分词形式，且位于句首要注意大写。故填Created。16.考查定语从句。句意：“数羊套房”的特点是那些冰雕的羊可以帮助那些失眠的人度过一个愉快的夜晚。先行词sheep指物，在从句中作主语，故填which或that。17.考查名词。句意：为了让客户更好的娱乐，酒店提供了各种有趣的活动。设空前有不定冠词a可知此处要填名词，avarietyof各种各样的，故填variety。18.考查冠词。句意：尽管这似乎有些不舒服，但游客们说这是一种与众不同的体验。设空后为名词experience可数表经历泛指，且experience以元音音素开头，故填an。19.考查连词。句意：遗憾的是，这家酒店只在12月到2月之间营业。短语between….and…在……之间。故填and。20.考查非谓语动词。句意：随着温度的升高。在那之后，冰上的酒店最后将在4月中旬化成一个大游泳池。with+宾语+宾补的复合结构，temperature和rise之间为主动，需用现在分词形式，故填rising。321.that22.simply23.unable24.one25.the26.architecture27.saying28.told29.Yet/But30.down【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着年龄的增长人们会抗拒改变，因为他们看不到进步的好处。文章以建筑为例说明了每一代人对一个新发展的观点态度总是不同。21.考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处。根据or可知此处要用引导词that，连接并列的同位语从句，作complaints的同位语。故填that。22.考查副词。句意：他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词don'tlike。故填simply。23.考查形容词。句意：他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处。根据系动词are可知此处要用形容词，作表语。故填unable。24.考查代词。句意：这意味着每一个新的发展都必须是好的，但逻辑上肯定不是这样的。根据agood可知此处要用代词one，指的上文everynewdevelopment同类中任意一个。故填one。25.考查冠词。句意：这意味着每一个新的发展都必须是好的，但逻辑上肯定不是这样的。根据名词case可知此处要用定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。26.考查名词。句意：以建筑为例。根据动词Take可知此处要用名词，作宾语。故填architecture。27.考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪五六十年代，许多英国老年人对城市中突然涌现的新型混凝土住宅街区持高度批评态度，称它们是丑陋和令人压抑的居住场所。根据句中已有谓语动词werehighlycriticalof且空前无连接词，可知此处要用非谓语动词；由逻辑主语manyolderBritishpeople与say之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词。故填saying。28.考查过去分词。句意：他们被告知，这些建筑只是过时了，他们无法欣赏这些新建筑的优点，因为它们已经取代了他们熟悉的街道上的小房子。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据主语They与tell之间是被动关系，可知此处要用被动语态，已有were，可知此处要用动词的过去分词。故填told。29.考查连词。句意：然而，几十年后，这些同样的街区被拆除了，因为新一代人认为它们既丑陋又对社会有害。根据theseverysameblockswerebeingpulled10可知与上文内容形成对比转折，此处要用表示转折的连词yet或是but。故填Yet/But。30.考查副词。句意：然而，几十年后，这些同样的街区被拆除了，因为新一代人认为它们既丑陋又对社会有害。动词短语pulldown“摧毁，拆除”，是固定搭配。故填down。431.which32.toencourage33.optional34.released35.areexpected36.hadbeenestablished37.a38.moves39.their40.However【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了浙江省计划推出一个试点信用体系来鼓励家长更多地参与到孩子的教育中来。

31.考查定语从句。句意：浙江省计划为家长推出一个试点信用体系，这将使他们优先参加教育部门组织的活动。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词apilotcreditsystem，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。32.考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目的目的是鼓励家长更多地参与到孩子的教育和全面成长中来，不过选择这一课程是非强制性的。分析句子