八年级英语下册课件

Grammar:

Modalverbs情态动词有一定的意义无人称和数的变化通常不带to表示说话人的语气或情绪语法特征1.Ability(能力):Liu

Xiang

can

run

the

110m

hurdle

racewithin

13

seconds.can/could:1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。Man

can

not

livewithout

air.Learning

English

can

be

difficult.Can

_

I use

your

bike?can/could:2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。He

asks

if

he

could

smokehere.evision

on?—

CouldI

have

the—Yes,

you

can/ma.y/

No,

you

can’t/I’m

afraid

notcan/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）Can

this

be

true?He’s

such

a

nice

thathe

can’t

commit

thecrime.How

can

youbesocareless!can/could:4.can

never/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”You

can’t

betoocarefulwhilecrossing

the

road.can/be

able

to区别:Edison

always

wondered

whyhens

could

hatch(孵)chickenswhile

he

was

not

ableto.Question:

Are

the

two

modal

verbsinterchangeable(互换)?If

not,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而be

able

to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。Sum

up1.can

和be

able

tocan(could)表示能力、可能,只用于现在时和过去时。be

able

to可以用于各种时态。只用be

able

to的情况：位于助动词后。情态动词后。表示过去成功地做了某事时,只能用was/

wereable

to,不能用could。can/be

able

to区别:________1.A

big

fire

broke

out

inABC

ho

yesterday.Luckily,

everyone_

was

able

to

_

run

outofthe

building.__speak

bothEnglishand

French.2.

She

_canA.

canC.

ought

toB.

shouldD.

is

able

to1.

Theywill

D

run

this

machineon

their

own

in

three

months.A.

can B.

couldC.

may D.

be

able

to2.

That

big

cinema

A

seat

2,000people.3.(2007福建)My

MP4

player

isn’t

in

my

bag.Where

A

Ihave

put

it?A.

can B.

must C.

should D.would4.

A

left-luggage

office

is

a

place

where

bags

B

be

left

for

a

short

time,

especially

at

arailway

station.A.

should B.

can C.

must D.

willA.

canC.

needB.

mustD.

may5.

How

A

you

say

that

youreally

understand

the

wholestory

if

you

have

covered

onlypart

of

the

article?man,

for

heis

much

too

short.A.

needn’tC.

shouldB.

can’tD.

may6.

Mike

B

be

a7.

—

I

heard

they

went

skiing

in

the

mountainslast

winter.—

Itthere.A.

may

not

be B.

won’t

beC.

couldn’t

be D.

mus

beC

true

because

there

was

little

snowI

m

so

tired!

I2.Obligation(义务):have

to

do

thetraining

for

atleast

10

hours

aday!Although

Liu

Xiang

isso

gifted

in

hurdlerace……yet

he

must

workhard

to

winthe

goldmedal.advisabilitynecessityought

to/should have

to

mustYour

mother

brings

you

up

and

takesgood care

of

you,

so

when she

isold,you look

after

her

in

return.A.

can B.

may C.

have

to

mustShi

Dongpeng

might

win

a

medalat

the

Olympic

Games.Althoughthechance

ofwinning

amedal

issmall,I’ll

try

mybest!3.Certainty(可能性):very

uncertainalmost

certainshould ought

tobe

athome.mightmustwill.may2.He

be

at

home,

for

he

just

called

me

from

his

home

15

seconds

ago.A.may

B.might

must.mustmight

may could

(can)1.Hemust表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。This

must

be

your

pen.He

must

be ng

his

now.He

must

have

arrived

already.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：if

you

mustdo

sth.如果你非得要做某事）如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。If you

mustleave, t

quietly.must4.Permission(允许):May

I

eatKFC

if

Iwin

thegoldmedal?may/might:表示

。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。Might/May

I

use

yourcomputer?Yes,

you

can./No,

you

can’t/mus

.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May

you

be

happy

all

yourlife.3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句疑问句则要用can或could）。He

may

be

very

busy

now.May

you

succeed.2)

成语:may/might

as

well,后面接不带to

的不定式，意为"不妨"。e.g.

If

that

is

the

case,

we

may

aswell

try.5.Making

requests(提出要求):I

don’t

knowhow

to

use

thisequipment!Can

you

help

me

with

my

training?willcancouldwouldinformalformal6.Making

suggestions(提出建议):Shall

we

do

the

training

in

the

morning?It’s

too

hotto

takeexercise

intheafternoon.shall:Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、

方

或提供帮助。Shall

we

begin

ourlesson?When

shall

he

be

allowed

toleave

hospital?Shall

I carry

this

bag

foryou?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。You

shall

fail

if

youdon‘t

work

harder.He

shall

be

punished

according

to

therule.He

shall

have

the

book

when

I

finish

it.警告允诺7.Making

offers(提供帮助):Don’t

worry,

dear,

I

will

washthem

right

away.Mom,mydirty

clotheshave

beenpiled

up!

Idon’t

havetime……will/would:1.

表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。sentencepatternWould youlike…Would

you

please…Would

you

mind…Would

rather…will/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。I

will

never

do

that

again.3.可表示经常性、

性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。1).The

old

man

would

have

asmoke

under

abig

tree

everyafternoon

after

he

finished

hisfarm

work.2)

The

door

won’t

open.will/would:I

will

go

to

thepark

withyoutomorrow

if

you

will

offer

melunch.Question:

Is

this

sentence

correct?Why?情态动词表示“意愿”You

should

not/ought

not

toeat

so

much

before

running.8.Giving

advice(提出意见):Howdelicious!!!should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought

to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。Should

I

open

the

window?We

should

learn

from

eachother.ought

to

have

done

sth.\should

have

donesth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做;否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You

ought

to

(should)

have

beenmore

careful

in

this

experiment.He

ought

not

to

have

thrown

the

oldclothes

away.(事实上已扔了。)注:ought

to

在语气上比should

要强。should:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Rose—Sure.

By

the

way,

whois

your

idol?Jack—Liu

Xiang,

I

should

say.Ishould

advise

you

not

todothat

again.3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。I

can’t

believe

such

a

gentlemanshould

be

so

rude

tothe

old.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。should:should

表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻

辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”---When

can

I come

for

thephotos

?

I

need them

tomorrowafternoon.should:beready

by

12

:---They00

.A.

canC.might.

shouldD.need3.have

to和must1)

两词都是“必须”的意思,

have

to

表示客观上的看法,即的需要,

must

表示说话人上的必要。2)have

to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must

只有一种形式。但must

可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。3)在否定结构中：don’t

have

to表示“不必”;mus

表示”禁止”。You

don’t

have

to

l

him

about

it.Ynoeuemduns’can’tmay

notshouldn’tl

要him(=adboonu’ttiht.ave

to)不能;不可能可能不不应该(=ought

not

to)8.You

Creturn

the

book

now.You

can

keep

it

till

next

week

if

you

like.A.

can’tC.

needn’tB.

musD.

may

notA.

won’t

;

can’t B.

mus ;

mayC.

shouldn’t

;

must D.

can’t

;

shouldn’t9.

Johnny,you

B

play

with

the

knife,you

hurt

yourself.10.A.

canC.

mayB.

mustD.

should---

Could

I

have

a

word

withyou,

mum?---

Oh

dear,

if

you

B

.used

to

/

wouldused

to表达存在于过去但现在不再存在的一种

或情况。Jack

used

to

live

inChicago.Usedto表达过去存在的某种情况时，would不能替代它。I

used

to

live

in

California.They

used

to

have

a

Ford.would可以用于表达过去定期重复的一个动作。表达这个概念时，would

和used

to

相同。When

I

was

a

child,

myfather

would

/

used

to

readme

a

story

at

night

beforebed.9.need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need

作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to时常可以被省略。1)实义动词:need+n./to

do

sth.need后加2)情态动词:need,只用do,否定形式为need

not.e.g.

----

Need

you

go

yet?----

Yes,

I

must.

/

No,

I

needn't.3)

need,

want,

require,

worth(形容词)后面接

ng也可以表示

。

need ng

=

need

to

be

done四.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need

、dare情态动词

(+动词

)行为动词need1.无人称和数的变化;多用于肯定句;(sb.)need

todo2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,no

one,nobody连用;dare

to

do(sth.)

need

tobedonedare3.常以needn’t

和daren’t的形式出现;(sth.)

need

ng4.dare有其过去时dared.1.fever2.stomach3.cough

and

sorethroat4.toothache5.cut

myselfa.lie

down

and

restb.drink

some

hot

teawith

honeyc.see

a

dentist

and

getan

X-rayd.take

your

temperaturee.put

some

medicine

onitlie

v.平躺（lay,lain,

lying

）lie

downHe

islying

ontheroad.lie

vi

撒谎；说谎（lied，lying）n.

；假话lay

v.产卵；下蛋（laid，laid）X-ray n.

X光He

hurt

his

leg

just

now,

let

him

get

aX-ray.ache

、sore和hurt

的区别：ache

是一个名词后缀，如：toothache

,

headache

；sore形容词，修饰名词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。如：sore

back,sore

throathurt动词，指“刺痛，使受伤痛”。如：He

hurtshis

leg.他伤了腿。还可以说“His

leg

hurts.”他腿疼。have

a

bad

coldhave

a

high

fever严重的感冒发高烧be

ina

fever在发烧一般情况下用have＋a＋n.表示患了某种疾病。matter cn.毛病；麻烦事What’s

the

matter

（with

sb.）?用于询问 患了何种疾病或遇到了某种麻烦。=What’s

wrong

withyou?=What

‘s

yourtrouble?matter

vi.要紧；有关系主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。eg:It

doesn'tmatter.no

matter

与who,what,

where等连用，相当于

whoever，whatever，wherever等，可引导让步状语从句。eg：Don't

speak

loudly,no

matter

whereyou

are.1.toomuch相当于一个副词，修饰动词，放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。eg：Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.2.enough

adj.

足够的；充足的。修饰名词时，常放

，有时也放在名词后。eg：I

have

enough

money.adv.足够地；充足地，修饰adj./adv.或v.，位置后置eg:It

is

good

enough

for

me.be+adj.+enough+to

do不能足够。。。，不能做某事I

wonder

if

Jay

will

co ur

school

thisweekend.-----If

he

comes

,we

will

be

very

excited.if

是否，引导宾语从句if

如果，引导条件状语从句

主将从现take

breaks

休息We

take

a

break

every

forty-fiveminutes.without prep.=/=with

没有I

went

to

school

w