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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-国际关系学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingthegivenpartsinChineseintoEnglish.

81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication_______________________.

(因为广告商要为宣传的广告信息付钱)

82._______________________________________onthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

(禁止他在外面闲逛)

83._________________________________,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

(我来晚了不是因为交通堵塞)

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,_________________________________________.

(我们很遗憾地通知顾客商店提前关门)

85.Theboss________________________________trythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

(应该知道不应该)

【答案】81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationbecauseadvertisershavetopayfortheadvertisinginformation.

82.Heisforbiddentohangoutonthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

83.Itwasn’tbecauseofthetrafficjamthatIwaslate,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,weregrettoinformourcustomersthatthestoreisclosingearly.

85.Thebossshouldhaveknownthatheoughtnottotrythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

2.单选题

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus().

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses().

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans().

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto().

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans().

问题1选项

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

问题2选项

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

问题3选项

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

问题4选项

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

问题5选项

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人类不可思议的发明,它使我们能够彼此和睦相处,并决定我们在社会中‘适当的’位置。”也就是说,在与他人相处时举止得体,选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人而变化,并且在一生中不断变化。我们大多数人都能以非常快的速度假定各种情况所需要的状态。”也就是说,人们所假定的身份随着外部环境的改变而发生改变。选项C符合原文。

3.语义推断题。A选项involvement“牵连,包含”;B选项assessment“评定,估价”;C选项appreciation“欣赏,鉴别”;D选项presentation“描述,介绍”。根据原文句意:这意味着我们的行为与其他人的行为相适应是建立在对他人的评价和解释这种持续的心理过程之上的。由此可知,appraisal指评估,判断,所以选项B与之意思相近。

4.判断推理题。根据第二段的最后一句话可知,这里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”,而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以选项D符合原文。

5.作者意图题。结合原文内容可知,作者通过将身份比作衣服,说明身份像衣服一样,受到社会的限制,选择的范围有限。所以选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

3.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WaystoFightRisingFoodPricesFood,clothingandsheltergenerallytopthelistofbasichumanneeds.Whileshoppingatadiscountstoreinsteadofthemallgenerallytakescareoftheclothingissue,andlivinginasmallapartmentinsteadofaMcMansioncanaddressyourhousingsituation,risingworldfoodpricescanleadtosomesignificantchallengesinthefooddepartment.Everythingfromrisingtransportationcoststothedevelopmentofbiofuelspushesupthecostoffoodandputapinchonconsumers’wallets.(41)

Diningoutisexpensive.(42)Evengoodcoffeeischeapertomakeifyoudoityourself.Fastfoodisexcludedfromthecategory,ashigh-calorie,low-qualityfoodcanbeabargainprice,buttheimpactonyourlong-termhealthoverridesthebenefitofshort-termsavings.

Ifyoustumblearoundthegrocerystoreandfillyourcartwitheverythingthatcatchesyoureye,chancesareyouwillspendalotmoremoneythanyouneededto.(43)Planyourmealsfortheweekahead,andmakecarefulnoteofwhatyouneedtobuyinordertopreparethosemeals.Oncethelistismade,purchaseonlytheitemsonthelist,andavoidimpulsebuys.

Grocerystoresaredesignedtomakeyougothroughamazetogettothemostbasicitemsinthehopethatyouwillmakeafewimpulsebuysalongtheway.(44)Becausemostnecessitiesandbasiccookingitemsarefoundalongtheoutsideperimeterofthestore,startthereandworkyourwayaroundtheperimeterandstepintothemazetograbanyleftoveritemsonyourlist.

Ourfast-pacedsocietyencouragesconvenience,andgrocerystoreshavecapitalizedonthistrend.Ready-mademealsareeasytobuy,buttheycomewithapremiumpricetag.Insteadofputtingthatrotisseriechickenandmacaronisaladinyourcart,buytheingredientsandpreparethemealyourself.Thesameconceptappliestofrozenentrees,bakedgoodsandanyotherfoodsthathavebeenpreparedinsomewayforaddedconvenience.

(45)Payattentiontothepricesandpickupthefamily-sizepackageiftheper-unitcostislowerandyouhaveaplacetostoreit.Shoppingatbig-boxbulkretailerslikeSam’sClubandCostcocanalsosaveonyourbillifyoushoptherefrequentlyenoughtocoverthecostofmembership,butpaycarefulattentiontoyourspendinghabits.Thebigboxesareoftennobargaincomparedwithsalespricesandcouponsavingsatotherstores.Inaddition,theymayencourageyoutobuymorethanyouneed,drivingupyourgrocerybill.

A.Justaboutanynutritiousmealthatyoubuyinaformalrestaurantcanbemadeathomeforafractionoftheprice.

B.Ifyoukeeptoyourplannedlist,youwon’tbetemptedwhenyougetforceddownthejunkfoodaisletogetatthemilk.

C.Tominimizeyourcashoutlay,prepareashoppinglistbeforeyouleavehome.

D.Whiletheneedtoeatisn’tsomethingyoucanavoid,therearesomestepsyoucantaketokeepthecostsincheck.

E.Storesoftenplacethemostexpensiveitemsateye-level.

F.Inaddition,bulkbuyingcansaveyouasignificantamountofmoney.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.C

44.B

45.F

【解析】41.该段讲述了食物、衣服和住所这三个基本需求,衣服和住所可以通过打折商店和住小公寓解决,但是不断上涨的食品成本使得消费者变得拮据,然后下面几段都是在讲述如何省钱,所以这段的最后一句是一个过渡句,起承上启下的作用,A、B、C、D、E项都是省钱的方法,只有D项“虽然你无法避免对食物的需求,但你可以采取一些措施来控制成本”既提到了上文的食品需求,又引出了下文的控制成本的方法,所以该题选择D项正确。

42.由该段第一句Diningoutisexpensive.(外出就餐很贵)和第三句Evengoodcoffeeischeapertomakeifyoudoityourself.(如果你自己做的话,即使是好咖啡也会更便宜)可知,这一段讲的方法是在家里做饭,在选项中只有A项提到了在家里做,所以该题选择A项“你在正规餐厅里买的任何一顿营养餐,都可以在家里做,花费只是价格的一小部分”正确。

43.由最后两句Planyourmealsfortheweekahead,andmakecarefulnoteofwhatyouneedtobuyinordertopreparethosemeals.Oncethelistismade,purchaseonlytheitemsonthelist,andavoidimpulsebuys.(提前计划一周的饮食,仔细记下准备这些食物需要买什么。一旦列好清单,就只买清单上的东西,避免冲动购物。)可知,该段讲述列购物清单的省钱方法,所以答案是和购物清单有关,所以该题选择C项“为了减少你的现金支出,在你离开家之前准备一份购物清单”正确。

44.由后面的句子Becausemostnecessitiesandbasiccookingitemsarefoundalongtheoutsideperimeterofthestore,startthereandworkyourwayaroundtheperimeterandstepintothemazetograbanyleftoveritemsonyourlist.(因为大多数的必需品和基本的烹饪用品都是在商店的外围找到的,所以从那里开始,沿着周边工作,然后进入迷宫,把清单上的任何剩下的东西都拿出来)可知,要填入的句子还是和购物清单有关,这里把杂货店说成迷宫,是因为当你穿过杂货店买东西时可能会冲动购物,所以B项“如果你坚持你的计划清单,当你被迫沿着垃圾食品通道去买牛奶时,你就不会被诱惑了”符合该段段意。

45.根据后一句中的family-sizepackage(家庭装)可知,该段是建议人们批量购买,单位成本低,就能省下食品支出,只有F项“此外,批量购买可以为你节省一大笔钱”符合。

4.翻译题

当你站在一件艺术品面前时,技术便会帮你找到有关这一艺术品某一方面的更多信息。比如在鉴定艺术品的年代和出处方面,技术将具有极大价值。我们可以运用越来越客观的标准来鉴定纸张、颜料、化学品等的年代,这样将会有令人震惊的事情发生,例如突然发现一件伟大作品竟然是赝品。当然,艺术品市场自身将继续随着供求关系而浮动,但是在英国,我希望博物馆和美术馆有朝一日能得到政府政策上的帮助,政府放松纳税规定,更多地鼓励私人收藏家把藏品捐献给公共机构。

【答案】Whenyouareappreciatingaworkofart,technologywillprovideyouwithmoredetailedinformationaboutthiswork.Technologywillbeofgreatvalueinsomefieldssuchasdeterminingthedateandoriginoftheartwork.Inappraisingtheageofthepaper,pigmentandchemicaloftheartwork,moreandmoreobjectivestandardsareavailable.Inthisprocess,somesurprisingthingswilloccur.Forinstance,amasterpieceissuddenlyfoundtobeafake.Ofcourse,themarketofartworkwillchangewiththelawofsupplyanddemand.However,inBritain,Ihopethatmuseumsandgallerieswillonedaybehelpedbygovernmentpoliciesthatrelaxtaxrulesandencourageprivatecollectorstodonatemoretopublicinstitutions.

5.单选题

Heseemedreluctanttosendhistroopsinanefforttodiscouragethe()peasants.

问题1选项

A.animated

B.rebellious

C.creased

D.impassive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。animated“活生生的;活泼的”;rebellious“反抗的;造反的”;creased“有折痕的”;impassive“冷漠的;无感觉的”,根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的,分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。句意:他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压……农民。由此得知B选项正确。

6.单选题

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

问题1选项

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。deem表示“认为,相信”,bedeemedto表示“被认为”;A项believe“相信,信任”,B项discard“抛弃,放弃”,C项advocate“提倡,拥护”,D项confirm“确认,证实”。句意:学术诚信对于那些致力于科学研究的人来说是至关重要的。根据句意可知A项正确。

7.填空题

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】逗号前为完整的句子,横线所在内容应为非谓语动词。逗号前说到借贷更加昂贵,后面说______人们购买新房或开工建设新项目,可知前者打击后者积极性,是主动关系,一方面动词应为现在分词,一方面动词discourage的意思为“使灰心,使泄气”,符合题意。因此此处应为discourage的现在分词discouraging。

【句意】利率更高让借贷更加昂贵,使人们不愿购买新房或开工建设新项目。

8.单选题

"Ifwefailtoactnow."saidTom,"We'llfindourselves()inactionlateron."

问题1选项

A.paidback

B.paidfor

C.paidup

D.paidoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“假如我们不现在采取行动”,汤姆说,“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中付出代价”。

考查短语辨析。payback回报,报答;payfor为……付出代价;payup全部付清;payoff还清债务,清偿欠(某人)的债务。

9.单选题

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe(

)ofservice.

问题1选项

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服务中止,所以电风扇不转了。

名词辨析。Pause暂停,间歇;break停顿,间歇;interruption中止,中断;breakdown损坏,故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知theofservice这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思,故答案选项为C。

10.不定项选择题

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdisease.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindasteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatthesocietysmilessogentlyonthemotoristandseemstoforgivehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefardifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleare,allowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstrictannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notformotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?

3.Whydoestheauthorsay:“hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?”

4.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?

5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris_____.

问题1选项

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyear

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidents

问题2选项

A.Societysmilesonthemotorists.

B.Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.

C.Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.

D.Societycondonestheirrudedriving.

问题3选项

A.Drivingcanshowhisrealself.

B.Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.

C.Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.

D.Hiscarembodieshistemper.

问题4选项

A.Buildmorehighways.

B.Stricterdrivingtests.

C.Testdriverseverythreeyears.

D.Raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.

问题5选项

A.ironical

B.critical

C.appealing

D.militant

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Themainideaofthispassageis____.

这篇文章的主要观点是____。

A.TrafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotoristsA.交通事故主要是由开车的人引起的

B.ThousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyearB.全世界每年有成千上万的人被杀

C.ThelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolaxC.有些国家有关驾驶的法律太宽松了

D.OnlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidentsD.只有更严格的交通法规才能防止事故发生

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】全文主要讲当今社会交通事故发生率提高。第一段首先指出问题:全世界每年都有成千上万的人被杀害或惨死;第二段讲到:汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质;第三段讲述因为汽车出现许多问题;第四段提出作者的中心观点:现在是时候制定一套世界准则来减少这种无谓的生命浪费了。作者提出一些举措来防止事故的发生。综合全文,文章先是提出因为交通导致的许多问题,最后提出应该要增加交通措施防止事故发生。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“交通事故主要是由开车的人引起的”,文中没有提及交通事故的发生主要是由开车的人引起的,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“全世界每年有成千上万的人被杀”,文中提到“全世界每年都有成千上万的人被杀害或惨死,而我们却袖手旁观”但是这不是文章的主旨,文章主要说交通事故,该选项以偏概全;

C选项“有些国家有关驾驶的法律太宽松了”,文中提到了有些国家法律太松,但是这是为了引出文章中的主旨——要采取手段防止事故的发生,该选项属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?作者是如何看待社会对待司机的?

A.Societysmilesonthemotorists.A.社会对司机笑容可掬。

B.Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.B.在城市和城镇建造了巨大的停车场。

C.Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.C.事故的受害者不算什么。

D.Societycondonestheirrudedriving.D.社会容忍他们粗野的驾驶行为。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.3第一句,该处讲到“令人惊讶的是,社会对司机笑容可掬,似乎原谅了他的行为”,又因为上文说到“他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都在开车的过程中显露出来”综合理解,作者认为社会宽容了司机的行为。比对选项,D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“社会对司机笑容可掬”,这是作者对社会存在的一个现象进行的比喻,并不是作者的态度,属于过度推断;

B选项“在城市和城镇建造了巨大的停车场”,虽然可以在文中定位到该选项,但是该选项不是作者是如何看待社会看待司机的,而是一个客观事实,该选项属于张冠李戴;

C选项“事故的受害者不算什么”,文中虽然可以推测出该选项,但是该选项也是对客观现象的描述,并不是作者认为的,该选项属于过度推断。

3.【选项释义】

Whydoestheauthorsay:“hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?”

为什么作者说:“他的车成为了他个性的延伸?”

A.Drivingcanshowhisrealself.A.驾驶可以展示他真实的自我。

B.Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.B.驾驶可以显示他性格的另一部分。

C.Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.C.驾驶能显示出他的性格。

D.Hiscarembodieshistemper.D.他的汽车体现了他的脾气。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.2第一句,该处讲到“他的汽车就成了他个性的延伸”,后面的句子讲到“毫无疑问,汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质(worstqualities)。”还讲到“他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都在开车的过程中显露出来”。换言之,驾驶能展示一个人真正的自我,由此可以说是个性的延伸。比对选项,A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“驾驶可以显示他性格的另一部分”,属于展现真正自我中的一部分,该选项以偏概全;

C选项“驾驶能显示出他的性格”,属于展现真正自我的一部分,该选项属于以偏概全;

D选项“他的汽车体现了他的脾气”,属于展现真正自我的一部分,该选项属于以偏概全。

4.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?

下面哪一项没有被提到作为一种预防交通事故的方法?

A.Buildmorehighways.A.修建更多的公路。

B.Stricterdrivingtests.B.更严格的驾驶考试。

C.Testdriverseverythreeyears.C.每三年对司机进行一次测试。

D.Raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.D.提高年龄限制,制定安全规范。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息词awayagainsttrafficaccidents可定位到Para.4第五句,该处讲到“驾驶考试应该标准化,难度要比现在高得多”,即更严格的驾驶考试;还讲到“所有的司机应该每三年左右参加一次考试”;和“年轻人可以驾驶任何车辆的年龄应该提高到至少21岁”。比对选项,B、C、D都提到了,A没有提到。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“更严格的驾驶考试”、C选项“每三年对司机进行一次测试”以及D选项“提高年龄限制,制定安全规范”通过解题思路可知都是文章中被提到作为一种预防交通事故的方法,和题干相悖,属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

Theattitudeoftheauthoris_____.作者的态度是_____。

A.ironicalA.讽刺的

B.criticalB.批评的

C.appealingC.恳求的

D.militantD.好战的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】文中先是指出交通事故的产生越来越多,然后指出交通事故的原因,最后对各国宽松的交通法律进行批评。综合来看,作者的态度是批评的。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“讽刺的”,C选项“恳求的”,D选项“好战的”都属于无中生有。

11.单选题

ButNaifehandSmithrevealakeenintellect,anavidreaderandapassionateobserverofotherartists’workwhoprogressedfromlaboredfigurestudiestoinspiredoutburstsofcreativeenergy.Farfromanartisticflashinthepan,hepursuedhiscallingwithdoggeddeterminationagainstnearlyinsurmountableodds.

问题1选项

A.insuperable

B.unsurpassable

C.uncountable

D.invaluable

【答案】A

【解析】句中说到他“withdoggeddetermination”,坚持不懈地追求自己的理想,因此insurmountableodds必然代表“无法克服的困难”这一含义。A选项insuperable“不能克服的”;B选项unsurpassable“无法超越的”;C选项uncountable“无数的;不可数的”;D选项invaluable“无价的;非常贵重的”。从句意上来判断,这里的nearlyinsurmountableodds指的是“几乎无法克服的障碍”,因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,which()tohissuccessinlaterlife.

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.attributed

C.contributed

D.districted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他年轻时在学校努力学习,这对他晚年的成功有帮助。

考查短语辨析。Contributeto有助于,产生,对…有帮助。

13.单选题

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

问题1选项

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contraryn.相反,反面;B选项contradictionn.矛盾,反驳;C选项controversyn.争论,论战;D选项contradictoryn.对立物,矛盾因素。根据后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知,所有参议员的意见都是一致的,没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。

14.单选题

Theoryandsciencearenurturedinmaterialenvironments,andapplicationisapowerful()tothought.Inthisrespecthewasagreatplanterofideas.

问题1选项

A.encouragement

B.spur

C.drive

D.drivingforce

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项encouragement“鼓舞”;B选项spur“鞭策,刺激”;C选项drive“驱动”,常用表达:adrivetosth,D选项drivingforce“驱动力,推动力”,常用表达:drivingforceforsth,跟后面的“to”不搭,可排除D选项。句意:理论科学是在物质环境中产生的,而应用则是思想的强力……。在这方面,他是一个伟大的思想传播者。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere()ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

问题1选项

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”;B选项discerned“察觉,辨别”;C选项ignorant“无知的”;D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意:这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中,似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit()mypowerofdescription.

问题1选项

A.transports

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项transport“运送”,B项transfer“转移”,C项transcend“胜过,超越”,D项transform“改变,转换”。句意:这景色是如此美丽,我无法用语言来形容。根据句意,该题选C正确。

17.单选题

Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.

问题1选项

A.excluded

B.disabled

C.deprived

D.gripped

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把……排斥在外”;B选项disabled“使伤残;使无效”;C选项deprived“使丧失”;D选项gripped“紧握;强烈影响”。句意:这次事故使他______视力和双腿的功能。根据语境,这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损,所以disabled“使伤残;使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服;使确信,使信服”;B选项anticipated“预料,预期;预见,预计(并做准备)”;C选项resolved“决定;溶解;使……分解;决心要做……”;D选项assured“保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚”。句意:人们___,垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”,因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

MyfirstencounterwiththeinternationalartistandartcriticFairfieldPorterwasactuallythroughthepoetryofhiswife,Anne(Channing)Porter.Whilebothgrewtobecomequitecelebratedintheircrafts,Fairfield’sstoryisunique.

Bornintoanaffluent,artisticfamilyin1907,theboywhowasonedaybecomearenownedartistandrespectedartcriticshowedacomparativelackofartisticabilitywhenseennexttohissiblings.WhilehisolderbrotherEliottooktophotography,FairfieldPorter,despitebeingremarkablyintelligent,appearedtobelackinganynaturalartistictalents.Itseemedthat,althoughamemberofafamilyfullofartists,histrueskilllayinthecritiquingofothers’artistry.ThiswasevidencedinhissecondyearatHarvardbyFarfield’sdecisiontopursuearthistoryashismajorfieldofstudy.AfterstudyingatHarvardunderArthurPopeandthentravelingbrieflythroughEurope,FairfieldcamebacktotheUnitedStatestofurtherhiseducationattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.TherehebecameacquaintedwiththefamedphotographerAlfredStieglitz—theworkofwhomissaidtohavepositivelyinfluencedFairfield’spaintingstosomedegree.

Betweentheyears1931and1932,FairfieldspentthemajorityofhistimeinItalylearningtoappreciateandcritiquetheworksofthegreatRenaissancepainters.Histrainingcamefrombothdirectstudyunderworld-famousarthistorianBernardBerenson,andfromcountlesshoursspentinmuseumsandgalleriesobservingthegreatestpiecesofItalianart.

FollowinghismarriagetoAnneuponhisreturnfromItaly,Fairfieldspentthebetterpartofthenexttwodecadesdevelopinghisskillsasapainterwhilecaringforhisautisticson.DuringthisperiodhismeetingswiththeFrenchIntimistpainterWillemDeKooningwouldprovetohaveaprofoundeffectonhislaterworks.PorterwasthefirsttopubliclyacclaimtheworkofKooning.

Infact,whatmadePortersofamouswashisknackforrespondingdirectlytoanartist’swork.Hefoundfaultwiththecommon“talkbased”criticismthatspoketoartonlyinreferencetoitspastortosomevaguetheoreticalframework;suchcriticismattemptedtoshapethefutureofartandwasfartoobiasedforPorter.HistimeasanartcriticforsuchpublicationsasArtNewsandTheNationended,however,in1961whenhedecidedtopursueafull-timepaintingcareer.

Theothersideofhisfame,hisuncommonapproachtopainting,isjustasimportanttotheunderstandingofFairfieldPorter’scontributionstotheworldofart.Hispersonalphilosophycomesfromablendingoftwoviews;artshouldbepersonal,emotional,andrepresentativeofitssubject,whileatthesametimebeboldlycolorful,expressive,andgenerallyabstract.Drawingonhisvastknowledgeofarthistory,especiallythestylesofFrenchIntimism,Porterfusedthesetwofeelingstocreateapowerful,emotivecollectionofpaintingsaboutfamilies,individuals,andthehome,aswellasmovingnaturescenessuchasTheDoortotheWoods(1971)andMaine—TowardtheHarbor(1967).

Whenhediedin1975,onamorningwalkalongtheocean,helefttheworldasoneofthemostrespectedartcriticsinthepastcentury.Ontopofthat,hisworkasapainterisstillviewedwithintheartcommunityasamazinglydistinctiveandespeciallyrepresentativeofhislife.Itissadtosaythatnow,however,somethirtyyearsafterhisdeath,heisstillvirtuallyunknownoutsideofartcircles.Thisremarkablyinsightful,articulate,creativeindividualneedstobediscoveredbythecommonmanandreveredforhiscontinuinginfluenceontheartistsoftoday.Thewordsofthisintellectualweresomeofthebestandmosthonestcritiquesofarteverspoken.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.

问题1选项

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’works

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorter

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartwork

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareer

问题2选项

A.detachedi

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