考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连枫叶职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itbeingnotonlypossiblebuteveneasytopredictwhichten-year-oldboysareatgreatestriskofgrowinguptobepersistentoffenders.Whatarewedoingwiththeinformation?JustaboutthelastthingthatweshoulddoistowaituntiltheirtroubleshaveescalatedinadolescenceandthenattackthemwiththeprovisionsofthenewCriminalJusticeBill.

Ifthisbillbecomeslaw,magistrateswillhavethepowertoimposeresidentialcareorders.Moreyoungpeoplewillbedrawnintoinstitutionallifewhenalltheevidenceshowsthatthisworsensratherthanimprovestheirprospects.Theintroductionofshortsharpshocksindetentioncenterswillsimplygivemoreyoungpeopleatasteofsomethingelsethedon'tneed;thewholeregimeofdetentioncentersisoneoftougheningdelinquents,andifyouwanttotrainsomeonetobeanti-establishment."Ican'tthinkofabetterwaytodoit,"saysthewriterofthisreport.

TheCambridgeInstituteofCriminologycomesupwithfivekeyfactorsthatarelikelytomakefordelinquency:alowincomefamilyalargefamily,parentsdeemedbysocialworkerstobebadatraisingchildren,parentswhothemselveshaveacriminalrecord,andlowintelligenceinthechild.Notsurprising,thefactorstendtooverlap.Ofthe63boysinthesamplewhohadatleastthreeofthemwhentheywereten,halfbecamejuveniledelinquents—comparedwithonlyfifthofthesampleasawhole.

Threemorefactorsmakethepredictionmoreaccurate:beingjudgedtroublesomebyteachersattheageoften,havingafatherwithatleasttwocriminalconvictionsandhavinganothermemberofthefamilywithacriminalrecord.Ofthe35menwhohadatleasttwoofthesefactorsintheirbackground,18becamepersistentdelinquentsand8morewereintroublewiththelaw.

Amongthosekeyfactors,farandawaythemostimportantwashavingaparentwithacriminalrecord,evenifthathadbeenacquiredinthedistantpast,eventhoughveryfewparentsdidotherthancondemndelinquentbehaviorintheirchildren.

Theroleoftheschoolsemergesasextremelyimportant.Themostreliablepredictionofallonthefuturesofboyscamefromteachers'ratingsofhowtroublesometheywereattheageoften.Iftheinformationisthereintheclassroomtheremustbearesponsethatbringsmoreattentiontothosetroublesomechildren:asearchforthingstogivethemcreditforotherthanacademicachievement,arefusaltoallowthemtogoonplayingtruant,andafosteringofambitionandopportunitywhichshouldstartearlyintheirschoolcareers.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,delinquencyshouldbetackled（

）.

2.Thenumberofyoungoffenderscouldbereducedbythewayof

（

）.

3.Whatistheoutcomeresultofputtingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters?

4.Ten-year-oldchildrenlikelytobecomeoffendersareusually

（

）.

5.Thewriterconcludesthatpotentialoffenderscouldbehelpedby（

）.

问题1选项

A.beforeadolescence

B.duringinstitutionaltreatment

C.duringadolescence

D.whentheproblembecomesacute

问题2选项

A.newlegalmeasures

B.betterresidentialcare

C.briefperiodsofharshpunishment

D.examinationoftheirbackgrounds

问题3选项

A.Theybecomemoreviolent

B.Theyreceiveusefultraining

C.Theybecomeusedtoinstitutions

D.Theyturnagainstsociety

问题4选项

A.spoiltchildrenfromsmallfamilies

B.brightchildreninapoorfamily

C.dullchildrenwithmanybrothersandsisters

D.childrenwhoseparentshaveacquiredwealthdishonestly

问题5选项

A.spendingmoretimeatschool

B.moreencouragementatschool

C.moreactivitiesoutsideschool

D.strictertreatmentfromteachers

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。文章开头提出现在对于不良行为,都只能被动地等待问题出现,并且提出要在儿童时期就加强教育的解决办法。故选A。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段可知,作者不建议通过法律制裁、居住处监管以及严厉的惩罚等措施来处理青少年不良行为。在第三段指出了导致不良行为的五个关键因素，接着在第四段从少年犯的家庭和社会背景分析了使预言更为准确的三个因素。故选D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词puttingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters定位至第二段,根据第二段信息“trainsomeonetobeanti-establishment(培养反社会情绪)”推测答案为D。

4.细节事实题。第三段分析了导致青少年不良行为的五个关键因素:低收入家庭、大家庭、父母被社会工作者认为虐待孩子，父母有犯罪记录，儿童中的低智商者。因此此题选C。

5.细节事实题。最后一段指出,学校对于青少年不良行为的问题起着至关重要的作用。具体包括鼓励他们更早树立理想,抓住机会。故选B。

2.单选题

ThecompanythatJoanworksforis（）withanautomotivecompany,soshecangetadis-countonanewcar.

问题1选项

A.correlated

B.parallel

C.affiliated

D.accounted

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：Joan工作的公司（）一家汽车公司，所以她买新车有折扣。

correlated有相互关系的；parallel平行的；affiliated附属的，有关的；accounted记账的；报告的。此处“beaffiliatedwith”为固定搭配，意思是“隶属于”，A项“有相互关系的”说得太模糊，看到C项是可以确定是隶属关系，公司员工才能拿到折扣，故选C。

3.单选题

Untilaboutfiveyearsago,theveryideathatpeptidehormonesmightbemadeanywhereinthebrainbesidesthehypothalamuswasastounding-Peptidehormones,scientiststhought,weremadebyendocrineglandsandthehypothalamuswasthoughttobethebrains’onlyendocrinegland.Whatismore,becausepeptidehormonescannotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier;researchersbelievedthattheynevergottoanypartofthebrainotherthanthehypothalamus,wheretheyweresimplyproducedandthenreleasedintothebloodstream.

Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.Furthermorethismethodcannotbeusedtodeterminethelocationinthebodywherethedetectedsubstancesareactuallyproduced.

Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.Ifbraincellsaremakingthehormones,thecellswillcontainthesemRNA’s.Iftheproductsthebraincellsmakeresemblethehormonesbutarenotidenticaltothem,thenthecDNA’sshouldstillbindtothesemRNA’s,butshouldnotbindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.ThecellscontainingthesemRNA’scanthenbeisolatedandtheirmRNA’sdecodedtodeterminejustwhattheirproteinproductsareandhowcloselytheproductsresemblethetruepeptidehormones.

ThemolecularapproachtodetectingpeptidehormonesusingcDNAprobesshouldalsobemuchfasterthantheimmunologicalmethodbecauseitcantakeyearsoftediouspurificationstoisolatepeptidehormonesandthendevelopantiserumstothem.Roberts,expressingthesentimentofmanyresearchers,states:“Iwastrainedasanendocrinologist.Butitbecamecleartomethatthefieldofendocrinologyneededmolecularbiologyinput.Theprocessofgrindingoutproteinpurificationsisjusttooslow.”

If,astheinitialtestswithcDNAprobessuggest,peptidehormonesreallyaremadeinthebraininareasotherthanthehypothalamus,atheorymustbedevelopedthatexplainstheirfunctioninthebrain.Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.Anumberofotherresearchersproposethattheymightbeusedforintercellularcommunicationinthebrain.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatasubstancedetectedinbrainbyuseofantiserumstopeptidehormonesmay（

）.

3.Thepassageimpliesthat,indoingresearchonratbrains,Rosendiscoveredthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisawayinwhichtheimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesdiffersfromthemolecularmethod?

问题1选项

A.IsMolecularBiologytheKeytoUnderstandingIntercellularCommunicationintheBrain?

B.MolecularBiology:CanResearchersExploitItsTechniquestoSynthesizePeptideHormones?

C.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheImmunologicalApproachtoDetectingPeptideHormones.

D.PeptideHormones:HowScientistsAreAttemptingtoSolveProblemsofTheirDetection.

问题2选项

A.havebeenstoredinthebrainforalongperiodoftimeandtoUnderstandTheirFunction

B.playnoroleinthefunctioningofthebrain

C.havebeenproducedinsomepartofthebodyotherthanthebrain

D.playanimportantroleinthefunctioningofhypothalamus

问题3选项

A.peptidehormonesareusedforintercellularcommunication

B.complementaryDNA’sdonotbindtocellsproducingpeptidehormones

C.productscloselyresemblingpeptidehormonesarenotidenticaltopeptidehormone

D.somepeptidehormonesdonotfunctionasgrowthregulators

问题4选项

A.Theimmunologicalmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithproductsofhormone-producingcells,whereasthemolecularmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithaspecificcomponentofthecellsthemselves.

B.Theimmunologicalmethodhasproducedresultsconsistentwithlong-heldbeliefsaboutpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodhasproducedresultsthatupsetthesebeliefs.

C.Theimmunologicalmethodusesprobesthatcanonlybindwithpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodusesprobesthatbindwithpeptidehormonesandsubstancessimilartothem

D.Theimmunologicalmethodcanonlybeusedtotestforthepresenceofpeptidehormoneswithinthehypothalamus,whereasthemolecularmethodcanbeusedthroughoutthebrain.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。解答此类题必须找到文章主旨，文章第一段说到了之前关于肽激素的一些研究看法，但第二段开头就出现了转折关系词but，本文的讨论点必然是在but之后出现。第一句说到“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，这些关于肽激素的观点受到了质疑，因为一个又一个的实验室都发现，抗血清肽激素被注射进大脑后，会在下丘脑以外的地方结合，这表明要么是激素，要么是与抗血清发生交叉反应的物质。”因此下文不会讨论A选项中分子生物学与大脑间通讯，也不会研究B选项技术合成肽激素，也不是讨论C选项检测肽激素的优缺点，而是把重心放在研究肽激素的位置，及怎样去检测它的位置，因此D选项“肽激素:科学家如何试图解决他们的检测问题”符合文意。

2.判断推理题。由题干关键信息定位到文章第二段首句“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，这些关于肽激素的观点受到了质疑，因为一个又一个的实验室都发现，抗血清肽激素被注射进大脑后，会在下丘脑以外的地方结合，这表明要么是激素，要么是与抗血清发生交叉反应的物质。”说明这些物质是在下丘脑以外的地方结合形成的，因此C选项“是在身体的其他部位产生的，而不是大脑”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词“ratbrains”和“Rosen”定位到文章最后一段第二句“Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.有些人认为这些激素都是生长调节剂，但Rosen对老鼠大脑的研究表明这不是真的。”Rosen的研究表明这些激素并不是生长调节剂，因此D选项“有些肽激素没有生长调节剂的功能”符合题意。

4.判断推理题。题干中提到了两个检测肽激素的方式对比，文章第二段详细说明了第一种方法“Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.然而，用抗血清来测定肽激素的免疫学方法是不精确的，可能产生交叉反应。而且这种方法不能确定抗血清检测到的物质是否真的是激素，有可能仅仅是近亲。”免疫学的方法是用能和产生激素的细胞的产物发生反应的物质检测。第二个方法的描述出现在第三段中“Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.然而，分子生物学的新技术为这些问题提供了答案。科学家可以制造出特异的(specific)互补DNA’s(CDNA’s)，以此作为分子探子(molecularprobe)，探觅出肽激素的信使RNA’s(mRNA’s)。”此处说的“问题”就是第一种方法中说到的“近亲”问题，分子生物学的新技术可以用能和细胞本身的某个特定成分发生反应的物质来检测。因此A选项“免疫学方法使用与产生激素的细胞产生反应的物质，而分子方法使用与细胞自身特定成分发生反应的物质”符合文意。

4.单选题

Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyage2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.

问题1选项

A.changing

B.perfect

C.visible

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项changing“变化的，发展的”，B项perfect“完美的，最好的”，C项visible“明显的，看得见的”，D项fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”。句意：然后是探测飞船“航行2号”获得的特写图像，在几天之内，至少在我们看来，木卫二就变成了太阳系中最迷人的世界之一。intriguing在句中表示“迷人的”。因此，该题选择D项。

5.单选题

Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?

2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.

5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.

B.Thesecondlanguage.

C.Theforeignlanguage.

D.Secondlanguageacquisition.

问题2选项

A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.

C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.

D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.

问题3选项

A.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

D.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework

问题4选项

A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework

B.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.

C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.

D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage

问题5选项

A.InsideSLA

B.OutsideSLA

C.FutureofSLA

D.ThethirdlanguageandSLA

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。

6.单选题

Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.

问题1选项

A.performingbyMelissawere

B.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

C.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

D.Melissaknewthatperformingwas

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构与同位语。分析句子结构，可知and为连词，后面接的是一个完整的句子，因此and前也应为一个句子，空格处缺少主语，根据Evenasagirl可知agirl是主语的同位语，因此D选项符合语法和句式要求。句意：即使是个小女孩时，梅丽莎就知道表演是她的生命，而剧院的观众是她最好的老师。

7.单选题

I（）thissoup,I（）pepperinit.

问题1选项

A.amtasting...amtasting

B.amtasting...taste

C.taste...amtasting

D.taste...havetasted

【答案】B

【解析】第一个taste是动态动词,表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词,用原型。

8.翻译题

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在传统的中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母生活在一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化，其中一个变化是核心家庭成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁，他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合征。他们忽然感到孤独、悲伤、无用、消沉。

【答案】1.当今的技术人员对可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。这种需求不仅适用于诸如木材、混凝土、钢铁以及用于建筑目的的塑料等数量巨大的材料，也适用于较少但至关重要，且不易获得的材料。铀和钛这样一类材料并不大量存在，但它们具有非凡的特性，这使得它们成为某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.计算机是处理数据的电子机器。数据是已被适当准备好以便机器能够使用的信息片段或项目。加工指的是对呈现在机器上的材料进行处理或操作，如计算、分类或比较。计算机是由数以百万计的电子设备组成的，这些设备可以存储数据或通过具有不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度转换数据。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

9.单选题

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

问题1选项

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你应该要对那位顾客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最终一定会买那块表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith对…有耐心。

10.翻译题

41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。

43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。

45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

11.单选题

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

问题1选项

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项towed“拖，拉”；B选项pressed“按，压”；C选项tossed“抛，扬起”；D选项propelled“推进，推动”。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们正在制作一艘由蒸汽推动的模型船。本句表示推进船的动力，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

HehasnoincentivetomakepermanentimprovementinspokenEnglish.

问题1选项

A.abilityt

B.knowledget

C.opportunityt

D.motive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive表示“动机，刺激”；A项ability“能力”，B项knowledge“知识”，C项opportunity“机会”，D项motive“动机，目的”。句意：他没有持续提高英语口语的动力。根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确。

13.单选题

Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.

问题1选项

A.theories

B.morasses

C.frescos

D.fossils

【答案】D

【解析】theory理论,学说;morass沼泽;fresco壁画;fossil化石。句意：我们第一次发现了化石,它使我们能够把人类进化的第一阶段和第二阶段联系起来。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlife,youmayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimagesaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebeenobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelifestyleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sboodlescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideasinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out"mean?

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise:themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

问题1选项

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

问题2选项

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

问题3选项

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedabout

问题4选项

A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".

B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".

C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".

D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".

问题5选项

A.theirchangedlifestyle

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词taboo定位至第二段:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或许，关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的一个事情是，它多年来如何能在同样的社会里发生变化和曾经被认为是禁忌的某些行为或观点如何能在另外—个时间点变得完全被接受和正常)。由此可知C项“不被公众接受的行为”正确。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或许，关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的一个事情是，它多年来如何能在同样的社会里发生变化和曾经被认为是禁忌的某些行为或观点如何能在另外一个时间点变得完全被接受和正常)。由此推测D项“总有一天不再是禁忌”正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Thetopicoffat定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(不同于其他禁忌，人们经常会谈到与肥胖有关的事情)。因此B项“不同于”正确。

4.语义题。根据题干关键词thinis“in”,andfatis“out”定位至第三段:Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”，fatis“out”(苗条的身材让人联想到年轻，活力和成功。另一方面，肥胖的人被认为是懒惰或缺乏活力、自我约束和自尊。在一个注重外表的国家，比如美国，苗条意味着…，而肥胖意味着…)。根据句意推测,“in”和“out”分别表示“年轻，活力和成功”和“懒惰或缺乏活力、自我约束和自尊”,故C项“瘦就是青春，胖就是缺乏活力”正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词healthandexercise和themainreason定位至最后一段:Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise(然而，对年轻外表的追求，不仅仅是因为美国人对节食和身体锻炼的热衷),由此可知B项“对保持苗条和青春的追求”正确。

15.单选题

Starstwinkle（）theturbulentstateoftheairthroughwhichtheirlightpasses.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.asaresultof

C.inadditionto

D.withregardto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而形成的。

考查短语辨析。inspiteof尽管，不管，不顾；asaresultof因此，由于；inadditionto除…之外；withregardto关于，至于。因此B符合句意。

16.单选题

Aftermorecombativeapproachesfailed,thecompanytooka______stanceinitsnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.flagrant

B.precarious

C.conciliatory

D.misanthropic

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.flagrant公然的，不能容忍的B.precarious危险的，不确定的

C.conciliatory安抚的，调停的D.misan