大学英语四级写作

大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作记述文记述文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记述、描述为主要表达方式的一种文体，平常分为三类：1.以人物为主的记述文，即以人物为中心组织资料，环绕这个人物来写一件事或两件事。2.以事件为主的记述文。即以事件为中心组织资料，环绕中心事件可以写一个人或几个人。3.以写景状物为主的记述文，应注意的是，在一篇记述文中，写人、写景、写事常常是交织在一起的，不行截然分开，但各有重视。写记述文平常应依照以下几点：交待因素，即人、时、地、事。按事件发生的先后序次表达，做到完好详尽。重点突出，目的明确，不要玩弄词采，讲清言明即可。写作时还要注意，用第一人称时主假如自己的经历或耳闻目睹之事；用第三人称时则主假如别人的经历和事情。记述文所记的都是过去发生的事，所以原则上平常都用过去时态写，但有时也用历史此刻时和戏剧此刻时。范文1：一对外刊行的英文报纸有“人物剪影”栏目，请依据下边的提示写一篇短文，介绍我国有名乒乓球运动员王楠。提示：王楠：1978年10月出生于辽宁。身高1.62米，体重54公斤。7岁开始打球，1989年进入辽宁队，1993年当选国家队。训练刻苦，与队友相处友善。喜爱上网，交友。网址：wangnan@.在国际竞赛中获取几十枚金牌，为国家争得了荣誉。注意：题目自拟；不要逐条翻译提示，可合适增添细节，使短文连接。词数100~140WangNan－WorldChampioninPingpongWangNan，aworldchampioninPingPong，is1.62metertallwiththeweightof54kilograms.ShewasborninLoaningProvinceinOctober1978.Shebegantoplaypingpongattheageofseven.SheworkedinLoaningTeamforthreeyearsbeforeshecametothenationalteamin1993.Shetrainedhardandgotalongwellwithherteammates.WangNanhaswonscoresofgoldmedalsininternationaltable-tennisgamesandwongreathonorforourmotherland.ShelikesgoingonthenetandsheenjoyschattingwithfriendsthroughtheInternet.YoucanfindmoreinformationaboutheratWangnan@wang-nannet.范文2：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyMostFavoriteProgrammer.Youshouldwritenolessthan100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是这种节目的内容和特色我喜爱它的原由MyMostFavoriteProgrammerTheNewsReporthasalwaysbeenmyfavoriteTVprogram.AlmosteverydayIturnontheTVat6:30p.m.andwaitforthenewsprogram.Thishasbecomeapartofmylife.TheNewsReportcontainsalargeamountofinformationCfromtheinternationalpolitical.situationtothelatestfoot-ballgame.Andthemostimportantcharacterisitsfastpace.Becauseofthisfastpace,newsprogramscancontainmuchinformationinashorttime.Inmyopinion,theNewsReportismorethanaTVprogram.Itisawayofcommunication.Fromthisprogram,peoplecanknowandunderstandworldaffairs.Theworldthusbecomessmaller.Iespeciallyappreciatethisbenefitofwatchingthenews.范文

3：今日是教师节，请依据以下提示写一篇记述你的英语老师的短文，约

220词左右。李老师授课生动爽朗，印象深刻。上课前班长通知说李老师要着手术，临时不可以来上课，谁能代课还未决定。同学们静静无声，仿佛都担忧她不再来上课了。李老师走进教室，她说不肯意耽误同学们的功课，要求医生推延了手术时间。并说新老师明日就来，希望同学们同老师很好地相处，她全愈即返校。MissLiisourEnglishteacher.ShealwaysimpressesusdeeplywithherlivelyEnglishclass.Onedaywhenthefirstbellrang，themonitorstoodupandsaid，“OurEnglishteacherisgoingtohaveanoperationtoday.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillgiveusthelesson.”Theclassturnedsilentathiswords.Itseemedthatnoonewouldbelievehim.Infact，allofuswereafraidthatMissLiwouldnolongerbewithus.Atthismoment，MissLiappearedatthedoor.Shelookedtiredandpale.“I’llbemissingyoubadly，”shesaidinalowvoice，“IhaveaskedthedoctortoputofftheoperationtilltomorrowbecauseIdon’twantyoutomissasingleclass.”Shewenton，“AnewteacherwilltakemyplaceandIhopeyou’llgetonwellwithhim.I’llcomebackassoonasI’mbetter.”Hearingthis，allofusweremovedtotears.Whatagoodteacherwehave.谈论文谈论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行解析、谈论，表示自己的看法、立场、态度、见解、主张的一种文体。写谈论文要掌握三性和三因素。三性指正确性、鲜亮性和生动性。三因素指论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求：看法正确，归纳全面，见解新奇，有实质意义，要合适地综合运用各种表达方式。论据的基本要求，真实靠谱、充分典型。论证的基本要求：推理一定吻合逻辑，论证要讲究序次，论证要吻合正确的推理形式。简而言之，英语谈论文共有三大特色：1、看法鲜亮的开头；2、紧扣主题的结尾；3、有主题句并且连接自然的中间段落。这三点中间，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题相同也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过程中，这样的要求被好多学生认为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。假如将这种思想带到英语谈论文写作中间，直接的结果就是中心分别、看法不明确，加上中国学生广泛英文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。其余，英语文章和汉语不一样的是段落的主题句必定要放在段首，而不可以依照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间也许最后，在英文应试写作中更加这样。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时常常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语谈论文中是不可以接受的。(二)中心一致在中心一致这个问题上，英语谈论文和汉语谈论文的看法也有所不一样。中国人在写谈论文时常常依照“中庸”的原则，其详尽的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中夸奖一件事物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足；相同，在责备一件事物或一种现象的同时，也总不忘掉指出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并无什么不当，但却不吻合英语谈论文的写作习惯，因为英语作家在写谈论文时关注的是自己的争论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说，假如作者告诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，因为读者在读了文章以后仍旧不知道作者的见解是什么，以及自己在这种情况下究竟该怎么做。所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章，大家就应该依照英文谈论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜亮地支持；表示反对就彻完全底地反对，而不可以采纳“墙头草两边倒”的做法。(三)段落的连接性在确立好一条条的扩展句后，如何把这些句子流畅而连接地组合在一起呢？这即是关系词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关系词连接，经过这些词读者可以很清楚地理解文章前后的逻辑联系。合适使用关系词是四级写作必备的技术，大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关系词分为四类：1、列举类列举法常用在谈论文中，看作者提出一个论点后，可经过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关系词有：first(ly),second(ly),...finally;foronething,foranother;ontheonehand,ontheotherhand;moreover;furthermore;what'smore;inaddition;besides;firstofall;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;(at)last;then;next;thelastbutnottheleast2、举例类举例法是用案例或数据对中心看法进行说明论证的方法，举例类关系词有：forexample;forinstance;suchas;like;take...forexample;acaseinpoint;namely;inotherwords;thatis;especially;inparticular3、比较和比较比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以鉴识出它们的相似之处；比较是将这些事物进行比较，鉴识其差异而指出各自的特色和实质。这种关系词有：but;however;yet;otherwise;while;incontrast;bycontrast;onthecontrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;ratherthan;instead;ontheotherhand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;inthesameway;comparedwith...4、因果类asaresult;since;because(of);thanksto;dueto;owingto;forthisreason;hence;thus;therefore;onthis/thataccount;onaccountof;consequently5、总结类总结法是指在表达了一个看法或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出归纳，这种关系词有：inthiscase;accordingto;inaword;inbrief;inshort;tosumup.范文1：“Do’LuckyNumbers’ReallyBringGoodLuck?”Somepeoplethinkthatcertainnumberswillbringgoodlucktothem.Numberssuchassix,eight,sixteenandeighteenareregardedasluckynumbers.Therearealsopeoplewhothinkthattheirsuccessisrelatedtocertainnumbers.However,someotherpeoplethinknumbershavenothingtodowiththeirluck.Theybelieveintheirownratherthan”luckynumbers”.Theydon'tdothingsaccordingtocertainnumbers.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkitisaperson'sownbusinesswhetherhebelievesinacertainnumberornot.Themostimportantthingisthathehasdonetheworkbyhimselfandhasdoneitquitewell.Astothebeliefinnumbers,itishispersonalchoice.范文2：CareerorFamily:whichismoreimportant?Whenaskedabouttheiropinionofcareerandfamily,peoplealwaysresponddifferently.Somepeopledeemitmoreimportanttopursuetheircareer,whiletherearealwaysotherpeoplewhoarguethatfamilyshouldbethenumberoneinone’slife.Itgoeswithoutanyquestionthatcareerplaysakeyroleinourlife.Intheveryfirstplace,careercangiveusanaimtoliveon.Withoutcareer,muchofourlivingtimewillbecertainlywasted.What’smore,careercanprovideuswithameanstoliveon.Mostofthepeopleearntheirincomefromajob.Ontheotherhand,familyisalsoanindispensablepartoflife,asmanypeoplewilladmit.Familyisalwaysregardedasaplacewherewecanescapefromtroublesinlife.Inaddition,wecanobtainasenseofbelongingtofromfamily.Withoutit,anyonewillfeellonelyanddesperate.Inmyopinion,careerandfamilyarenotinoppositiontoeachother.Rather,theycanenhanceeachothersothatone’slifecanbecomebetterandbetter.Therefore,it’snotachoicebetweenrightandwrong,butonebetweenidealandpractical.范文3：JustattheBeginning“Wearereadingthefirstverseofthefirstchapterofabookwhosepagesareinfinite.”Idonotknowwhowrotethosewords,butIhavealwayslikedthemasareminderthatthefuturecanbeanythingwewanttomakeit.Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,justlikeasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendthereminderofourlives.①Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.②Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaywillbringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，说明事理的一种文体。它经过揭穿看法来说明事物的特色、实质及其规律性，给人正确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下边六各种类:例证法这是用详尽例子来说明人或事物的特色、实质及其规律的方法,所用例子一定有代表性、典型性,能表现人或事物的实质特色。这是用特别来说明一般的方法。平常在主题句后,用Forexample或Forinstance等短语指引出详尽的例子。比方:Ourlifetodaydependsverymuchonenergy.Forexample,machineshavemadeourlifeeasierthanitusedtobe.Themachinesuseenergy,andenergyisneededforheating,lighting,communications,carryinggoods-everything.Factoriesuseagreatdealofenergytomakethethingsthatweuseandbuyandsell.这段主假如讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,归纳地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。定义法下定义就是给说明对象一个明确看法。这是科学而严实的说明方法。它既能揭穿事物的实质特色,勾勒其大概,描述其轮廓,同时也能确立事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。比方:Anidealteachermusthavethefollowingcharacteristics.Heshouldknowhissubject,buthecanmakemistakesifheiswillingtolearn.Hispersonalityisasimportantashisscholarship.Anidealteachermustbeenthusiastic.Heshouldbeabitofanactorandheshouldn'tbeafraidtoshowhisfeelingsandexpresshislikesanddislikes.Anidealteacherisonewhogrows,learns,andimproveshimselfalongwithhisstudents.本段的睁开是经过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,重点词"idealteacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。分类法分类法是对同属不一样类或同类而不一样种的人或事物,依据不一样性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类一定遵守分类规则,使分类对象拥有一致属性,依照同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不相互包蕴。比方:Asfaraspoliticalviewsareconcerned,peoplefallintothreecategories.Firstaretheconservativepeople.Conservativesareopposedtosuddenorgreatchanges.Secondaretheliberalpeople.Thesepeopleareinfavorofprogressandreform.Buttheiropinionsoftenseemtooidealistic.Thirdarethemoderatepeople.Themoderateskeepeverythingwithinreasonablelimits.Theyaremorepracticalinthishardworld.Inmyopinion,mostpeopleseemtobelongtothisgroup.本段把人按政治看法分为三类:守旧派(conservativepeople)、自由派(liberalpeople)和平和派(moderatepeople),并对他们各自的特色进行了简要的解析。因果关系法事物变化的原由和结果是密切相关的。假如某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就拥有因果关系。因果关系包含"由果推因"(由结果去推测原由)和"由因推果"(由原由去推测结果)两种状况。因果关系吻合人们的平常思想逻辑,因此在写作中获取广泛应用,常用because,as,since,so,nowthat,if...then,thereasonisthat...等表示因果关系。比方:Ofthefourseasons,Ilikespringbest.Ipreferspringbecauseitisaseasonofmuchjoyandgaiety.Newlifeburstsouteverywhere.Plantswearagreencoagainandcolorfulflowersblossomingardensandmountains.Theoldcomeoutdoorsforfreshairandtheyoungplanforoutdooractivities.Lifebecomessoenergeticandhappy.第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后,作者用了四个句子论述自己喜爱春季的原由。比较比较法有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做"比较";指出其不一样点,叫做"比较"。比较和比较各有不一样的重视,但两种方法常常结合使用。进行比较比较平常有两种方式。第一种方式采纳"先A后B"的结构,即A1,A2,A3...;B1,B2,B3...。第二种方式采纳"AB交织"结构,即A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3...。第一种方式采纳先A后B的结构其实是把一个段落(或一篇文章)切割为两部分,先全面讲A,再全面讲B,这样做较难收到激烈的比较成效。多数人认为第二种方式比较好,因为把比较的两方AB逐点交织,可以防备行文的单调烦闷,比较的成效也会更鲜亮突出。比方:Itiseasytobeawinner.Awinnercanshowhisjoypublicly.Hecanlaughandsinganddanceandcelebratehisvictory.Peoplelovetobewithwinners.Winnersareneverlonely.Unlikewinners,losersarethelonelyonesoftheworld.Itisdifficulttofacedefeatwithdignity.Loserscannotshowtheirdisappointmentspublicly.Theycannotcryorgrieveabouttheirdefeat.Theymaysufferprivately,buttheymustbecomposedinpublic.Theyhavenothingtocelebrateandnoonetosharetheirsadness.这段采纳先A后B的比较方式,论述成功者和失败者的不一样特色。这种写法较易操作,但行文常常比较平凡单调。再来看看AB交织的比较方式:Ilikehavingatwinsister.Whenshe’shappy,I’mhappy.Whenshefeelsunhappy,Ifeelthesame.Often,Iknowwhatshe’sgoingtosay.Sometimes,Iknowwhatshe’sthinking.Ilikewhatshelikes.Ihatewhatshehates.Welikethesamemusic,thesamefoodandthesamebooks.这段采纳AB交织的比较方式,论述孪生姐妹的相同特色。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜亮突出。过程解析法过程解析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,而后逐个加以解析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程解析与叙事和因果关系等写法有亲近关系,但相互又有明显差异:叙事研究的对象是"Whathappens";因果关系研究的对象是"Whyithappens",而过程解析研究的对象是"Howithappens"。比方:Thereareseveralstepstoplantatree.First,digaholelargeenoughforthetree,buttheholeshouldnotbetoodeep.Second,putthetreeintheholesothatitisstraight.Third,puttheearthbackintotheholeagain.Pushitdownhardwithyourfootseveraltimes.Finally,waterthetreewell,asoftenaspossible.这段解析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段井然有序,连接词语(first,second,third,finally)的使用增强了语句的连接性。还一定说明的是,在实质写作中,我们极少单独采纳上述几种方法中的某一种。许多段落(或文章)的写作都是综合使用各种不一样的写作方法。同时还应明确,在写作中有意识地重视使用某一种方法是有好处的。其余,上述这些说明文的写作方法在谈论文中也常被采纳。如何使用这些方法,写出一篇好的文章来,还需在平常认真累积,勤加练习。范文1:以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇谈论文。请环绕以下几点来写：①早起与健康；②早起与学习；③早起与一天的活动。(字数80～120，要求自拟标题)GettingUpEarlyIsaGoodHabitGettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Itisveryimportanttoourhealth,ourstudy,ourlifeandsoon.First,gettingupearlyhelpstokeepusstrong.Wecandomorningexercisesintheopenairinthemorningandbreathefreshairtobuildourbodies.Second,gettingupearlyhelpsustomemorizewhatwehavelearnedinclassbyreadingaloudinthemorning.Third,gettingupearlycanhelpustofindenoughtimetoprepareourworkoftheday.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,itwilldousalotofgood.范文2：Writing:校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。报名条件及联系方式。VolunteersNeededAvoluntaryactivityinthesummervacationwillbeorganizedbytheUniversityStudentsUnion.TheStudentUnionwillopenfreeEnglishclassesfortheyoungstersinS.O.SChildren’sVillage.Theclasseswilllastforaweek.Currently,wewillrecruit5volunteerstoworkasEnglishteachers.ThevolunteersarerequestedtospeakfluentEnglish.ThosewithEnglishteachingexperiencearepreferable.BesidestheEnglishskills,weexpectthevolunteerstobepatient,open-mindedwithalovingheart.TheChildren’sVillagewillprovidethevolunteerswiththreemealsadayandtransportationfromandtotheuniversityduringtheclassdays.Thosewhoareinterestedintakingpartintheactivity,pleasesendyourresumetotheemailthth范文3：MYCOMPUTERIhaveacomputerwhichwasboughtbymyparentsformybirthdaypresent.It’sanewone,it'snameisLenovowhichwasmadeinChina.Itcanstoreandworkwithlargequantitiesofinformationandcandohardmathematicalproblemsfastandhelpapersonworkwithwordandpictures.WiththiscomputerIhavelearnlotofknowledgeofcomputer,besidesitIcanuseitforlearningandintermentsuchaschattingwithothers,watchingTVandplayinggames.ItwassousefulthatIcanhelpbutlikeitverymuch.图表作文第一段：Thetable/graph/chartshows,asfaras______(is/are)concerned,_______________________.第二段：（第二段分为三种状况：1、向来上升；2、向来降落；3、一部分上升，一部分降落。下边针对这三种状况进行结构模拟）。1、（以1978年到1998年城镇乡村收入的稳步较长图为例）。向来上升Accordingtothefiguresshowinthegraph,wecanseethat________,hadbeenincreasingatasteadyratefromtheyearof1978to1998.Inaddition,duringtheperiod,____________hadraisefrom349.9Yuanto5425Yuan,morethan5times.Meanwhile,_______hadalsogrownfrom133.6Yuanto2100Yuan.b.向来降落Accordingtothefiguresshowinthegraph,wecanseethat___________,hadbeendecreasingatesteadyratefromtheyearof1978to1998.Inaddition,duringtheperiond,____________hadreducedfrom349.9Yuanto5425Yuan,morethan5times.Meanwhile,_______hadalsogonedown133.6Yuanto2100Yuan.2、[以从1995年到1999年西安人的平常生活支出（食品、衣饰和娱乐）的变化为例]c.一部分上升，一部分降落：Accordingtothefiguresinthegraph,wecanseethat__________hadbeenincreasingby9%and7%,respectivelyfromtheyearof1995to1999.However,___________(theexpensesonfood)hadbeendeclineby30%,duringthesameperiod.Thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselytooneanother.第三段：Thereareseveralreasons

for

that

phenomenon.

On

the

hand,

_____;Onthe

otherhand,_________,___________.注：横线部分为自己需填补的内容，这不过整篇文章的格式

,红色横线部分视考题而定，可填补的内容经济类/发展类/旅行类/文化交流类：1.ThepolicyofreformationandopeningspreaderwidelyinChinashouldbetakenintoaccountfirstly,whenconsideringthereasonforthesteadyincreaseofthecitizen'sincome.2.ThepeopleofChinahasthespiritofworkinghardinordertoimprovetheirliving.China'srapideconomicdevelopmentlaysthebase.Inthepasttwentyfiveyears,remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinChina'stourismrankintheworld.5.TheeconomyofChinahasdevelopedsofastintwentyyearsthatChinanowbecomesmoreandmoreimportantintheworld.6.I'mconfidentthatwiththedevelopmentofChinathenumbersofvisitorsandtheforeignexchangeearringswillcertainlycontinuestoincreaseinthefuture.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandtheglobaleconomy,theworldisbecominginternational,culturalexchangesarebecomingmoreandmorefrequent,whichisinevitablyimprovingourmutualunderstandingandfriendshipwithothercountries.食品类：1、Inordertoliveahealthylonglife,wehavetorestrictourcalorieintakeeatingthefoodwithlessfat.2、Weshouldmakeourdietmorenutritionalandbalancethecalorieintaketoenjoyahealthylife.3、Toimprovethebadsituation,peopleshouldeatcalcium-enrichedfood,suchasfish,milk,beancurdandsoon.娱乐类/体育类：如看书/看电视1、Weshouldmakeabalancebetweenthemtobenefitthemselves.2、Theageinwhichwelivenowisaninformationone.3、Peopleshouldgotothegymandtakepartinsomesports,suchasbasketball,volleyball,swimmingandso.Alltheexercisehelppeoplekeephealthy.友情类/文化交流类：1、Peopleallovertheworldloveandrespecteachother.Thebestwaytoshowourloveistohelpotherswhentheyareindifficulties.2、Everyoneshouldbeencouragedrequiredtotrytobeself-reliant.3、Whenoneintrouble,othersshouldhelphim.PS:经典句子：1、Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivemeasuresaretaken,theproblemofpollutionwilleventuallygetoutofhand.2、Forcitizens,theyaresupposedtoconformtorulesandregulationsofthetraffic.3、Andthegovernmentshouldeducatepeopleinthisrespect,whichwilldrawpeople'sattentionoftheseriousproblem.4、Fordriverstheirspeedshouldberestricted.Otherwise,theyshouldbepunishedseverely.5、Itistimetheanchoritesconcernedtookproperstepsthetrafficproblem.6、Aslongaseachofustakesactions.Ideeplybelievetheproblemwillbewellresolvedtoanextend作文中可用的谚语或句子：Asasayinggoes:俗语说1、Agoodbeginningishalfdone.优秀的初步是成功的一半。2、Anhourinthemorningisworthtwointheevening.一日之计在于晨。3、Agoodidler,anoldbeggar.少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。4、DoastheRomansdo.入乡随意俗。5、Eachcoinhastwosides.有利必有弊。6、Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。7、Fool'shasteisnospeed.欲速则不达。8、Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老学到老。9、Keepgoodmencompanyandyoushallbeofthenumber.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。10、Knowledgeispower.学无止尽。11、Likefather,likeson.有其父，必有其子。12、Manproposes,Goddeposes.谋事在人，成事在天。13、Nocross,nocrown.不见风雨，怎见彩虹。14、Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有意人。15、Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。16、Romeisnotbuiltinaday.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。17、Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.18、Timeflies岁月飞逝。。。19、Pennywise,dollarfoolish.占不廉价，吃大亏。范文1：Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStatisticsinPeople’sDailyExpensesinXian.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:1、Describethechangesindicatedinthetable.2、Thereasonsforthechange.3、Makepredictionsaboutthefuturetendency.WhatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticexpensesinXianfrom1995to1999.Theexpensesonfood

changeshavetakenplacehavedeclinedby30%whilethose

inthedailyonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.Therearetwofactorsaccountingforthesechanges.Inthefirstplace,therisenincomeresultingfromeconomicgrowthplaysavitalroleinthelessexpenseonfood.Inthesecondplace,whenfoodpresentsnoworrytotheaverage,peoplebegintofocusmoreoftheirinterestonhandsomeappearanceandhappyleisuretime.Asaresultofsuchashift,spendingonclothingandrecreationincreasesyearbyyear.Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,withthefurthergrowthineconomyandmorechangesinlifestyle,thetendencyindicatedinthetablewillcontinueinthebetterdirection.范文

2：假如一个新西兰教育观光团要到你校接见

，他们想认识中国教育的基本状况，请依据以以下图表和所给提示，用英语写一篇

120字左右的短文，为来客介绍此刻中国教育的基本状况。1.提示词：（

1

）compulsoryeducation

－义务教育；（

2

）junior

middleschool

－初中；（

3

）seniormiddleschool

－高中；（

4）

professionalschool

－职业学校。短文须包含以下重点：在高校，部分花费由家庭担当；中国教育尽管成绩巨大，但需要改革。EducationSysteminChinaTodayEducationinChinatodayhasbeendevelopingrapidly.Mostchildrenstartschoolbytheageofsix.Theyspendfiveorsixyearsinprimaryschoolandthreeyearsinjuniormiddleschool，whicharecompulsoryeducation.Afterthat，somecanattendprofessionalschoolfortwotothreeyearsbeforework.Someattendseniormiddleschoolforthreeyears.Studentshavetopassaseriesofexaminationsbeforeenteringacollegeoruniversity.Thecollegeoruniversitylifelaststwotofouryears.Nowpartofthecostisprovidedbywiththeirfamilies，althoughstudentscangetthesupportfromthecollege.Aftertheygraduate，theycangoandfindjobs.ThoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefieldsofeducationinChina，thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.范文

3：请依据下边图表所示内容，用英语写一篇短文，比较高中学生“减负”前后的相关状况。注意：短文须包含全部图表内容，可以合适增添细节，使短文连接；词数100左右。Seniormiddleschoolstudentswereheavilyburdenedwithallkindsofhomework.Inthepast，theyspentabout6.5hoursintheirclassroomaday.Athome，ittookthem5hourstofinishtheirhomework.Sotheyonlygotlessthan7hours'sleep.Theirfreetimewasonlythreehours.Asaresult，theirhealthwasbadlydamaged.Nowthethingsaregettingbetter.Aboutfivehoursarespentinclassandthetimeforhomeworkhadbeenreducedtwohours.Sothattheyhaveeighthours'sleepandalsotwomorehourstodowhatevertheylike.一．Themaintypesofguidedwriting:纲要式作文：Directions:WomenmakeagreatcontributionButtherearestillsomepeoplewhodon

totheprogressofmodernsociety.’tagreewithit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperbasedonthefollowingoutline.1.2.3.

RoleofwomeninmodernsocietyPrejudicesanddiscriminationagainstwomenMycommentYoushouldwriteabout200wordswithin40minutes.Womenplayanimportantpartinmodernsociety.Nowmanywomenaregoingintoprofessions,suchasmedicine,lawandengineering.Theycomprisealargepartoftheworkersinofficesandfactories.Manyjobstheyareengagedinareinlinewiththeirspecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Inaddition,someofareworkinguptoimportantpositionswhichusedtobeheldmainlybymen.Thereareevensomebusinesseswhichareruncompletelybywomen.Itisobviousthatwomenaremakinganoutstandingcontributiontotheprogressofmodernsociety.Thereare,however,stillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Inthefirstplace,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Theybelievethatwomenaretheweakersex–bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,womenarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Accordingtothem,awoman’splaceiswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeendominatedbymenonly.Intheiropinion,menshouldenjoymorerightsthandowomen.Personally,I’mfirmlystandingonthesideofthosewomenrightdefenders.Sincebothmenandwomenareequallyimportantinhumanactivities,theyshouldbeonanequalfooting.(242words)纲要图表式作文：Directions:Inthispart,youaretowriteanessayofabout200wordswithin40minutes.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.Outline:

1.Changesinpeople’sdaily

expansesinthepastfiveyearsPossiblereasonsforthechangesMyownconclusionYearItem19971998199920002001Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing5%7%10%13%15%Recreation3%5%7%8%13%Others24%26%33%36%38%Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople’sdailyexpensesinXXcity.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,theamountofmoneyspentonfooddecreasedgradually,accountingfor35percentin2001.However,therewasarapidincreaseinclothingexpenses,whichmadeup15%in2001.Inaddition,thetableshowsanupwardtendencyinrecreationexpenses.Thesamewasthecasewithotherexpenses.Whatcausedtheseremarkablechanges?Inmyopinion,thereareatleastthreegoodreasons.Tobeginwith,withtherapiddevelopmentofagricultureinChina,theoutputofgrain,fruit,vegetablesandmilkhassharplyincreased,whichcontributestothedeclineintheirprices.Secondly,thefamilyincomesofpeoplebothinthecityandinthecountryhavegreatlyrisensothatpeoplenowcanaffordexpensiveclothingandsomeofthemevenwanttodressinthelatestfashion.Finally,asthelivingconditionsimprove,thedemandforavarietyofrecreationsisgrowingsteadily,too.Inshort,withtheincomescontinuingtorise,peoplewillnolongerresignthemselvestolivingadull,monotonouslife.Theyareeagertomaketheirlifeinterestingandexciting.Therefore,Iamsurethatpeoplewillspendmoremoneyonclothingandrecreations.(219words)3．规定情形式作文：Directions:Migrantworkers(外处民工)havemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Inthispart,youaretowritewithin40minutesacompositionof200wordsabout“TheRoleofMigrantWorkers”.Youcanagreeand/ordisagree,completelyorpartiallytoabovestatement.Butnomatterwhichpositionyoutake,youshouldsupportingreasons.Asisknowntoall,migrantworkershavemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Theyareanindispensablepartofourworkforce.Mostofthemworkonconstructionsites.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmigrantworkersmanyofconstructionprojectswouldhavetobeheldupforlackofmanpower.Inaddition,alargenumberofmigrantworkersareabeneficialfactor,whichenhancestheconsumptionoffoodanddailyitems.Thisinturnhelpstodevelopfoodindustryandservicetradesincites.Allthesearepositiveaspectsofmigrantworkersincities.However,asapopularsayinggoes,“Everythinghastwosides”.Thesameisthecasewithmigrantworkers.Firstly,mostofthemarenotwelleducatedandprofessionallytrained.Someofthemhavehadverylittleschooling.Asyouknow.Illiteratepeople,whoareusuallyignorantofthelaw,tendtomaketrouble,thusendangeringsocialorder.Secondly,mostofthemigrantworkersswarmintobigcitiesjusttomakemoney.Beingilliterateorunskilled,someofthemwouldstopatnothingtogetwhattheyareambitiousfor.Therefore,theyareapotentialthreattothepeaceandstabilityofsociety.Inmyopinion,intheappraisalofmigrantworkers,itisone-sidedtoaffirmeverythingortonegateeverything.Weshouldappreciatethegreatcontributionmadebythem,andatthesametimepayenoughattentiontotheproblemscausedbythem.(244words)二、Thestructureofaparagraphanditsdevelopment:1.Structureofaparagraph:topicsentence,developmentsentenceandconcludingsentence.2.Waysofdevelopingaparagraph:1)Comparisonandcontrast(比较法)2)Causeandeffect(因果法)3)Exemplification(举例法)4)Generalizationandqualification(归纳法)5)Argument(谈论法)三、Somesentencepatternscommonly-usedincontrolledwriting:关于利害、优弊端的句型：1.S+have(orhas)alotofadvantagesover与.对比有许..多(优点)译：汽车与自行车对比有好多优点。havetheadvantageof..(有.方面的优点)译：1）英语好是她的优点。）澳大利亚与中国对比，其优点是人口少。）他比他们有利的是他会操作电脑。2.beofgreatbenefittosb./sth.(对..有利)译：你的计算机知识对你未来的工作十分有利3.benefitsb/sth.(对有好处)译：这家新医院对整个社区有利。benefitfromsth.(因为.而得益)译：我们将从技术发明中得益。4.do(alotof)goodtosb.(对.有好多好处)译：清晨锻炼对你很有好处。begoodforsb./sth.(对.有利)译：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。dodamagetosth./damagesth.(对.造成伤害)译：此次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。doharmtosth./harmsth./endangersth.(对.有害处)译：吸烟危害人的健康。5.beas(notso)good/greatas译：他做得没有说得好。6.notsomuchas(与其说,不如说)译：人口的迅速增添与其说是因为出生率的上升不如说是因为死亡率的降落。Thereasonfortherapidincreaseinpopulationisnotsomuchariseinbirthrateasafallindeathrate.说明原由的句型：1.Thereare

goodreasonsExample:Therearetworeasonsforthechangesinconditions.First,wehavebeencarryingoutanopeningandreformour

people’slivingpolicy.Second,national

economyisdeveloping

rapidly

andthebirth

rate

hasbeenputundercontrol.2.Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor译：我们有好多原由反对工业不受控制的发展。3.Thereasonsforisthat+从句译：我们支持“希望工程”的原由时，好多贫穷地区的少儿付不起连续学业的各种花费。表示不一样见解的句型：1.DifferentpeopledifferentonthisSomebelievethatOthersarguethatStillothersmaintainthat译：人们对国际文化交流的见解各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促使各国人民之间的友谊和认识。另一些人则争论论，中国是一个拥有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然相反。所以，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种见解是片面的。现在国际文化交流是特别重要的。各国人民应该相互认识、相互学习以便增进友情。Peopledifferintheiropinionsontheinternationalculturalexchange.Somebelievethatinternationalculturalexchangecontributestothefriendshipandunderstandingofthepeopleallovertheworld.OthersarguethatChinaisanancientcivilizednationwithahistoryof5000yearsandhasitsowntraditionalculture,whichisquitedifferentfromthatinthewesterncountries.Therefore,theyareopposedtothesecondviewisone-sidedofgreat

internationalandpartial.

culturalexchange.Inmyopinion,theTheinternationalculturalexchangeisimportancenow.Peopleofallcountriesshouldunderstandeachotherandlearnfromeachothertoenhancethefriendshipamongthem.Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodtohaveasmallfamily.Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.Theydiffergreatlyintheirattitudestowardsnoiseproblem.Example:Parentsandchildrenthinkdifferentlyonthisquestion.Parentsholdthatchildrenshouldworkhardanddowellatschool.Children,however,maintainthattheyshouldhavefreedomtospendtheirleisuretimeandtoplanfortheirownfuture.表示一定、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,convenient,comfortable,expensive,desirable,advisable)forsb.Todosth.Examples:1)Itisinevitablethatthenaturalresourcesthroughouttheworldarediminishingasthedemandforthemisontheincrease.2)Itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsindustryandagriculture.3)Itisurgentforthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocontrolthebirthrateinourcountry/tochangedesertsintofarmland.Itisnecessarytobuildmorehospitals,shoppingcenters,recreationcenters,cinemas,andotherpublicfacilitiestomeettheincreasingneedsofth