(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题(解析版)

备战2021届题型专练（新高考）18阅读理解之主旨大意题【考试方向】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。◆主旨大意题的分类1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。◆设问特点1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。◆常考问题1.中心思想类Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.标题类Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3.目的类Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…【答题技巧】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1.中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。【真题再现】（2020·天津卷.第二次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项TheKeystoAchievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。2.主题句出现在文尾在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。【真题再现】ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳类动物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破坏性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。3.首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。例如：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B【分析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。6.细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。5.主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。【真题再现】（2020年1月·浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】10.A11.D12.A13.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。10.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。11.推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。12.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。13.主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。【题型演练】1Asdigitaldevices（设备）havetakenoversociety,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasasubstituteforearlyhandwriting,"anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebecomecompletelydigital,"notesAudreyVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,whomeasuresbrainactivitytobetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.SheworksattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanbrainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanywaysaspossible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.Usingapeninvolvesmoreofthebrainthanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisisbecausewritingandprintinginvolvecomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givesthebrainmore'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequiredtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Bycomparison,whenwewrite,ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wealsoneedtouseoureyestowatchwhatshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferentletters.Allofthisusesandconnectsmoreareasofthebrain.Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearningthroughonlyoneformat—digital—couldbeharmful,sheworries.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates（激发）"visualnotetaking".Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnote-takerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbe"interlinkedbyboxes,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.B.Handwritingbeatstypingintakingnotes.C.Theprocessoftakingnoteschangesthinking.D.Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.2.WhatshouldyoungkidsdoaccordingtoVanderMeer?A.Communicatewiththeworld. B.Relyonkeyboardactivity.C.Learntowritebyhand. D.Masterbasicdrawingskills.3.Howdoestheauthordrawtheconclusion?A.Bystudyinghowthebraindevelops. B.Byobservingsocialphenomena.C.Byassessingfunctionsofsenses. D.Bycomparingwaysoftakingnotes.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythetextappear?A.Relationship. B.Fashion.C.Culture. D.Science.【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，数字化正在普及，然而一项研究表明，在记笔记时，手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。1.主旨大意题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要讲在记笔记上手写胜过打字，更有益于大脑发展。故选B项。2.细节理解题。由第二段中的“Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.”（她认为，幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字，同时还要学会管理键盘。），可知AudreyVanderMeer认为幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字。故选C项。3.推理判断题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要是通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。故选D项。4.推理判断题。由文章中心大意可知，文章通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的，文章可能会出现在报纸的“科学”版面上。故选D项。2Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.“We’reallveryexcited,”saysSteveMonfort,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstitute.“It’sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithourChinesecolleagues.”ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分别地).Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpandasisabout15to20yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity(圈养).LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（LittleMiracle）,whowasbornonAugust21,2020.The15-week-oldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang’sfoursurvivingcubs.Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJiwasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D.C..TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.“Itshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationofthewaythatonedoesthework.”Monfortsays,“Inprotectingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenonegovernmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.”5.Whatistheagreementabout?A.Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA.B.CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.C.ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.D.Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.6.WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?A.Shehasbeenabroadfor20years. B.ShehasbeensentbacktoChina.C.ShewasbornintheNationalZoo. D.She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.7.What'sthepublic'sattitudetowardsthenewly-bornpanda?A.Uncaring. B.Enthusiastic.C.Cautious. D.Sympathetic8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MeiXiangHasGivenBirthtoXiaoQiJiB.CooperationIsKeytoAnimalProtectionC.ExtensionAgreementonPandasIsReachedD.LifetimeforGiantPandasIsFiguredOut【答案】5.A6.A7.B8.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，中美之间达成大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义。5.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.”（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。）和第二段中的“ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分别地）.”（雌性大熊猫“美香”和雄性“天天”将于2023年底返回中国，在它们年龄相对较大的时候，分别为25岁和26岁。），可知协议是关于两只大熊猫“美香”和“天天”继续在美国再待三年。故选A项。6.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D.C..”（就在本周，他的父母，大熊猫“美香”和“天天”在华盛顿度过了20年。），可知大熊猫“美香”在华盛顿度过了20年，即她在国外20年了。故选A项。7.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.”（公众还没有见到新出生的大熊猫幼崽“小奇迹”。正常情况下，大约在这个时候，大约100多天，一只幼崽就能与公众见面。自8月份出生以来，超过160万人观看了动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次。），可知在没有见到“小奇迹”的情况下，160万人自其出生以来，蹲守动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次，说明公众对这只新生的熊猫很热情。故选B项。8.主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.”（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。），第三段中的“Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.”（根据长期协议，动物园圈养出生的幼崽在4岁之前被送到中国。）和最后一段中的“TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.”（延长协议意味着国家动物园和中国将在美中之间达成半个世纪的保护与合作。），可知文章主要讲中美之间达成了大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义，C项“大熊猫延期协议达成”符合文意。故选C项。3Inthe1966science-fictionfilmTheFantasticVoyage,ateamofscientistsanddoctorsareshrunktomicroscopicsizeinjectedintothebodyofaninjuredmantosavehislife.Thetinycrewtravelsthroughthebody'sdangerousenvironmenttolocateandrepairthedamagedpartoftheman'sbody.Eventually,thegroupmanagestocompletetheirtaskandthemanawakens,fullycured.Suchanideasoundsextraordinarytomany,Butwhatifitwerepossibletocureadiseaselikeacancer,usingtinyparticlesinjectedintoapersontofindthecanceranddestroyitwithoutharminganythingelseinthebody?Althoughitmayseemlikesciencefiction,toolslikethisarenowbeingdevelopedandmaybecomecommoninthenearfuture—thankstoresearchcurrentlybeingdoneinthefieldofnanotechnology.Nanotechnology（纳米技术）isreallysmall.Theprefix"nano"referstoananometer,whichisone-billionthofameter.Acommaonapageofabookormagazinemaybemorethanhalfamillionnanometer.Usingthistechnology,itwillbepossibletodetectcanceratastagewhenthereareperhapsonlyathousandbadcells.Comparethistowhathappenstoday:doctorscandiagnosecanceronlyafterthedangerouscellshavemultipliedintomillionsanddevelopedatumor.Oneoftheadvantagesofdetectingandtreatingcanceristhatthecellsislesslikelytoberesistanttodrugtreatment.Rightnow,mostcancertreatmentskillnotonlythedangerouscellsbutthehealthyonesaswell.Nanoparticleswillallowdoctorstoattackcanceroustumorswithoutdisturbinghealthycells.Thus,itcandelivercancer-killingdrugstothecancercellsandallowdoctorstodelivercancertreatmentearlier,faster,andmorethoroughly.Unfortunately,thereareseriousconcernsthatthesesamematerialscouldhavenegativeenvironmentandhealtheffects.Inrecentstudies,fishexposedtowatercontaininglargeamountsofnanoparticlessufferedbraindamage.Andpeopleareatriskaswell.Butmanyscientistsdon'tthinkresearchintoitsmanyusesshouldbestopped.Meanwhile,researchintotheusesofnanotechnologyinhealthandotherfieldscontinues."What'samazingishowquicklythisisevolving",sayschemistVickiColin."eventenyearsago,alotoftheseapplicationswouldhaveseemedprettyunrealistic."Perhaps,theoldmovie,TheFantasticVoyage,isn'tsohardtobelieveafterall.9.Whatisthereadingmainlyabout?A.AfilmcalledTheFantasticVoyage.B.Howtodetectdifferentcancers.C.Thedangersandsideeffectsofnanotechnology.D.Theapplicationanddevelopmentofnanotechnology.10.Whatwillhappenifhumanbeingsareexposedtolargeamountsofnanoparticles?A.Itwillnothaveanyinfluences.B.Itmaypreventmanysideeffects.C.Theywillbeindanger.D.Varietiesofcancerswillbecured.11.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsnanotechnology?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Critical D.Indifferent.12.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillVickiColinsupport?A.Nanotechnologyhasprogressedalotinthelastdecade.B.Tenyearsago,nanotechnologywereveryrealistic.C.Someoftheseapplicationsaretenyearsold