商务通讯技术

ConsultationPaperforCrownCateringServicesCasestudyReportforICTAssessmentTask1ModuleName:InformationandCommunicationTechnologyinBusinessModuleCode:F84W35Assessment:Task1Name:LiuLitaoClass:GTB1SCN:Date:11/18TableofContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u1.0Introduction 22.1Decisionmakingatstrategic,tacticalandoperational 22.2Threetypesofinformationsystem 32.3Legislationgoverningmanagementandhandingofinformation 42.4Threedatacommunicationsystems 52.5BenefitsforCrownCateringServices 52.6Treatsandsecurityprocedures 62.7Innovations 73.0Conclusion 74.0Reference 81.0IntroductionThisreportistosolvetheproblemstheCrownCateringServicesmustfaceaboutInformationandCommunicationTechnologyinBusiness(ICT)atthenewage.Themainproblemsarethatthecompanywasestablishedin.Andtheyhavesometroublebecauseofoutofdate.Sothisreportdescribedthefollowingpoints.Thenatureoftheinformationrequiredfordecisionmakingatstrategic,tacticalandoperationalanditstypesofsystemisthefirstone.Then,legalaspectscannotbeavoided.Theoriginalkeypointisthedatacommunicationsystems.Asforsecurity,mustfocusonthethreatsandthesecurityprocedures.Finally,theproblempreviouslymentionedaboutoutofdate,isrelyoninnovationtosolve.2.1Decisionmakingatstrategic,tacticalandoperationalThereisadiagramasfollow:Thestrategiclevelobtaintheinternalinformationaboutprofitabilityandtheexternalaboutmarkettrendstomakedecision.Theirdecisioncanaffectthewholeorganization.Inthecasestudy,theCrownCateringServices’strategiclevelobtainthatthecompany’sworkisinefficient,particularlyinregardtoitsICTsystems.Andtheyaskaconsulttothecompanytoprovidehimwithclearrecommendationsontheaction.Thetacticallevelobtaintheinternalinformationaboutvarianceanalysisandtheexternalaboutcustomersfeedback.Theydecidedthetacticstouse.Inthecase,ConnerWebsterisinthislevelasitsmanagingdirector.OnemajorprojectthatConneriscurrentlyplanningisamarketingsurveyprojectthatwillinvolvehimworkingwithanumberofkeypersonalintheMarketingDepartment.Theoperationallevelmustknowtheinformationonhourbyhourinformationupdate.Intheinternalway,theycangettheinformationbytheirworkprocess.Andtheycangettheinformationbypublicdataintheexternalway.Inthecase,thebranchesteamleadersshouldcarryouttheplanoftheproject.Duetotheneedtocompletethissurveyprojectinthemosteffectivemannertoallowresultstobeobtainedquickly.2.2ThreetypesofinformationsystemManagementinformationsystemsemploy

informationtechnology

tocollectandcommunicatealltheinformationacompanyorinstitutionusestooperate.Eachdepartmentorfunctionofanorganizationproducesitsownoperationalandfinancialdataandasaresulthasitsowninformationsystemtokeeptrackofitall.Thereareasmanytypesof

HYPERLINKmanagementinformationsystems

astherearedepartmentsorfunctionsinanorganization,butthereareafew

specificsystems

thatalmosteveryorganizationorinstitutionneedsforthewholetooperatesmoothly.Amanagementreportingsystemisadatabasedesignedtoreportonthe

financesandoperations

ofalllevelsofmanagementinanorganization.Acompany'smanagementreportingsystemiscommonlyusedbymiddlemanagerstogenerateregularreportscomparingcurrentandpastfinancialperformancetodeterminefinancialgrowthandtotrackhowthemiddlemanagersthemselvesareperforming.Uppermanagementusesthedatageneratedbythereportingsystemtocomparethecompany'scurrentfinancialpositionanditsefficiencyofoperationsagainstitspredeterminedgoalsforthecompany.

Decision-SupportSystemcouldusedbythestrategiclevel.Decision-supportsystems(DSS)arespecificallydesignedtohelpmanagementmakedecisionsinsituationswherethereisuncertaintyaboutthepossibleoutcomesofthosedecisions.DSScomprisetoolsandtechniquestohelpgatherrelevantinformationandanalysetheoptionsandalternatives.DSSofteninvolvesuseofcomplexspreadsheetanddatabasestocreate"what-if"models.Thetacticallevelshouldusethemanagementinformationsystem.Amanagementinformationsystem(MIS)isasystemorprocessthatprovidesinformationneededtomanageorganizationseffectively.Managementinformationsystemsareregardedtobeasubsetoftheoverallinternalcontrolsproceduresinabusiness,whichcovertheapplicationofpeople,documents,technologies,andproceduresusedbymanagementaccountantstosolvebusinessproblemssuchascostingaproduct,serviceorabusiness-widestrategy.Managementinformationsystemsaredistinctfromregularinformationsystemsinthattheyareusedtoanalyzeotherinformationsystemsappliedinoperationalactivitiesintheorganization.Academically,thetermiscommonlyusedtorefertothegroupofinformationmanagementmethodstiedtotheautomationorsupportofhumandecisionmaking,e.g.DecisionSupportSystems,Expertsystems,andExecutiveinformationsystems.2.3LegislationgoverningmanagementandhandingofinformationThemainimplicationfordecision-makingoftwopiecesofcurrentlegislationgoverningthemanagementandhandingofinformationarethenormsofbehaviorforstaffaboutthecompany’sbusinesssecretsandtheconfidentialityofcustomerinformation.

Thecompanyhasanetworkof20branchesthatarebasedthroughoutthecentralbeltofScotland.ICThasofferedarangeofproductsinthefinancialmarkets.Thecompanyoffersarangeofcurrentaccounts,savingaccountsandmortgageproducts.ICTrealizethatitisimportanttogetresearchresultquicklysothatitcaninfluencethewayinwhichmembersofstaff,seniormanager,branchesmanagerandteammanager.TherelatedlegislationincludestheDataProtectionAct,1998,

theComputerMisuseAct,1990

andtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct,1988.Suchlegislationcanensurethatunderthecompany'sinformationinasecureenvironment.Personaldatashallbeprocessedfairlyandlawfullyand,inparticular.Personaldatashallbeobtainedonlyforoneormorespecifiedandlawfulpurposes,andshallnotbefurtherprocessedinanymannerincompatiblewiththatpurposeorthosepurposes.Personaldatashallbeadequate,relevantandnotexcessiveinrelationtothepurposeorpurposesforwhichtheyareprocessed.Personaldatashallbeaccurateand,wherenecessary,keptuptodate.Personaldataprocessedforanypurposeorpurposesshallnotbekeptforlongerthanisnecessaryforthatpurposeorthosepurposes.Abouttherightsofindividualse.g.

personaldatashallbeprocessedinaccordancewiththerightsofdatasubjects.Appropriatetechnicalandorganisationalmeasuresshallbetakenagainstunauthorisedorunlawfulprocessingofpersonaldataandagainstaccidentallossordestructionof,ordamageto,personaldata.2.4ThreedatacommunicationsystemsThethreedatacommunicationsystemsarelocalareanetwork(LAN),wideareanetwork(WAN)andtheInternet.Alocalareanetworkisanetworkthatconnectscomputerwithinalimitedgeographicalarea,usuallywithinasingleofficeorbuilding.ThetechnicalfeaturesofLANareinthefollows:LANlinkcomputerswithinasinglebuildingorononesite.AndLANcanbelinkedtootherLAN,butLANcannotspanlargedistances.FinallyLANisunderthecontrolofasingleauthority.WANcoverlargegeographicalareas;computersconnecteachotherthroughtelephonelinesorcables.ThetechnicalfeaturesofWANareusedtocommunicateacrosswidedistance(anywhereintheworld),usesthetelephonelinestocommunicatethroughamodernandconnectionisnormallythroughtheservicesofserviceprovider.AnInternetisaglobalnetworkmadeupofanumberofsmallersystemsasLANandWAN.TheInternetcanbeusedforanynumberofactivitiessuchas:businesstransactions,marketresearch,teaching,advertising,groupcommunication,research,teleconferencingandEmail.2.5BenefitsforCrownCateringServicesThebenefitofLANisthatitenablestosharethehardwaresuchasnetworkprinterandscanners,andtoshareusefulfilesandinformationsuchasstockvalue.Italsocanoffersimpleandquickcommunicationbetweenstaffs.ThebenefitofWANarethefollowings:itcanofferlong-distancecommunicationtosolvetheissues,ICTcanimprovetheeffectivenessofworkthroughvideoconferenceofferedbyWAN;ICTcouldmanageandcontroltheirstaffbytheremotemanagementofferedbyWAN.ThebenefitofInternetarethefollowings:itcanprovideawiderangeofinformationsearching,ICTwishtodoamarketingsurveyprojectandtheInternetcouldhelptofindouttheircustomersandgetresearchresultquickly;itcouldreleaseinformationthroughtheInternettoletcustomerquicklyupdatetheirinformationofproductsandservices;itcouldcarryoutteamexchangethroughtheInternetforexamplethevoiceconference.2.6TreatsandsecurityproceduresWhileInternethasopenedawholenewworldofopportunityforinteractionandbusinessbyremovingmanytradebarriers,ithasalsoopenedupnewpossibilitiesandmeansofcriminalactsaltogetherunheardofintheoff-lineworld.Whydopeoplecommitcrimesonline?Perhaps,someofthemattempttogainunauthorisedaccesstoother’smoney.Somepeoplehavefundoingsoandthereareotherswhodoittotakerevengeortoharmothers.Whilethemotivationofconductingcriminalactsmaybethesameasintheoff-lineworld,themannerofsuchcriminalactsisuniquetotheInternet.ThevulnerabilityoftheinformationtransmittedoverInternetistherootcauseofthesprawlingofcriminalactsoverInternet.BothusersandvendorsbecomevulnerabletocriminalactsthatunderminesecurityduetoeasyaccessibilityofInternetandeasyexploitationofsecurityloopholesintheInternet.ThesecriminalactscanadverselyaffectInternetusers,particularlyonlinevendorsandcustomers.Therefore,itisimportantthatInternetusersnotonlybecomeconversantofsuchcriminalactsbutalsotakesuitablemeasurestocounterandavoidbecomingvictimsofthesecriminalacts.InthisarticleweexaminesomeofthemajorinformationsecuritythreatstoInternetuserswithparticularemphasisonelectroniccommerceandproposeplausiblesolutionsforasaferonlineexperience.Theinformationsecuritythreatscanbecategorisedintothreatstotheusers,threatstothevendors,andthreatstobothusersandvendors.Electronicembezzlement,sniffingandspoofing,anddenial-of-serviceattacksareexamplesofthreattothevendor.Creditcardfraudsandmaliciouscodesareexamplesofthreatstotheusers.Inoperationaleffectivenessandcontinuityofthetargetapplication,integrityandoptimizingnetworkandapplicationsecurityisanimportantwaytoenhancethevalueofITnetworksecurity.Networkoptimizationtechnologyandarchitectureinvolvedupdates,includingfullnetworktrafficmonitoring,applicationtrafficmanagement,securitythreatmanagement.Today,almostalloftheCIOguaranteeavailabilityregardedcriticalapplications,ornetworkasapriority.Generallyspeaking,thenetworkarchitectureincludessixareas:applicationperformancemanagement;securecontentmanagement;securityeventmanagement;useraccessmanagement;networkresourcemanagement;endpointsecuritymanagement.Fullnetworktrafficmonitoring.Asweallknow,networksecurityissues80%occurredintheinternalnetwork.Forlarge-scalenetworks,trafficwithinthenetworkcanalsobeveryseriousadverseimpactontheoperationofthenetwork-criticalapplications.Therefore,thewholenetworkflowmonitoringisveryimportantandnecessary.Throughtheentirenetworktrafficdetection,wecanunderstandthedataflowamongnetworkstatus,includingthesizeoftheflow,sourceanddestination,whichisgeneratedbytheapplication,theamountofdatasize.Networkoptimizationsystemcombinedwiththeabilitytodirectandgateway-basedapplicationdataprotectioncapabilitiestoidentify,duetoitsdirectprotection,canavoidlinkagebroughtlagandisnotpreciseenoughprotectionandotherissues,itispossibletobanunwantedtrafficandcontentdirectly.InadditiontoprotectionDDoS,worms,intrusions,P2Pandhybridattacks,butalsotopreventinternaldocumentsleakedbythenetwork.Fornetworksecurity,theweakestlinkinadditiontosecuritytechnologylag,theinternalstaffsecurityawarenessisnotstrongalsoimportantfactors.Alargenumberofnetworkthreats,improperoperationandemployeesarecloselyassociatedapplication,suchasrandomaccesswebsitescontainingmaliciouscode,downloadandusee-mailattachmentwithavirus,doesnotupdatethevirusandsoon.Therefore,theorganization'snetworksecurityknowledgetrainingisalsoessentialthatmanagementbutalsotodevelopacomprehensivenetworksecuritypolicy.2.7InnovationsAtechnologywhoseapplicationsignificantlyaffectsthewayamarketfunctions.AnexampleofamoderndisruptiveinnovationistheInternet,whichsignificantlyalteredthewaycompaniesdidbusinessandwhichnegativelyimpactedcompaniesthatwereunwillingtoadoptit.Adisruptiveinnovationisdifferentiatedfromadisruptivetechnologyinthatitfocusesontheuseofthetechnologyratherthanthetechnologyitself.Inthecase,theICTinnovationcanhelpthestrategiclevelobtaininformationintime.Asmentionedbefore,theCrownCateringServicesworkreallydependentonICT.AndthecompanyalsomeetsomeproblemsonICT.So,theICTinnovationsismoreimportantforcompany’sdevelopmentandexpand.Thestrategiclevelcanfastercontacttoallofthestaff,andgraspthewholecompany’ssituation.Thetacticallevelknowtheinformationofmarketneedsandfront-linestaff’sattitudebyICTinnovations.Andtheteamleadercanarrangetheirprojectworkersbetter.Communicationstechnologyandcommunicationsindustrysincethe1980soneofthefastestgrowthareas.Whetherathomeorinthetrueinternational.Thisisanimportantsignofhumanaccesstotheinformationsociety.Andafteritsdevelopmentwillbefaster.Itisso,itisevenmoreimportantforICTinnovationforanenterprise.Web3.0isanewtechnology.Informationandothersite-relatedinformationwithinthesitetointeractdirectly,throughthird-partyinformationwhileinformationplatformtointegratemanywebsitesuse;usershavetheirowndataontheInternet,andcanbeusedondifferentwebsites;entirelybasedonweb,withabrowserprogramtoimplementcomplexsystemstoachievesystemfunctions;userdataauditing,datasynchronizationnetwork.Web3.0Mashuptechnologywillbeappliedtouser-generatedcontentinformationintegration,contentinformationsuchcharacteristicismoreobvious,easyretrieval.ToclarifytheprecisecharacteristicsoftheinformationcontentofthelabeltointegrateandimprovetheaccuracyoftheinformationdescribedinordertofacilitatesearchandorganizeInternetusers.Web3.0networkmodewillbecompatibledifferentterminals,fromthePCtotheInternetWAPmobilephones,PDA,set-topboxes,dedicatedterminal,notonlyapplicationontheInternetthatasingleterminal.Thiswillbehelpfulforenterprisestoimpro