高中英语-虚拟语气(69张PPT)

虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMood一.虚拟语气定义Ifiwereaboyevenjustforaday,i'drolloutofbedinthemorning.Isshereallyaboy?虚拟语气：表示一种与事实相反或者不太成为可能的情况。eg.IfIwereyou,

Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

二.虚拟语气的应用1.在if条件句中2.在宾语从句中wishwouldrathersuggest类if从句主句对过去的虚拟haddonewould/could/should/might+havedone对现在的虚拟did/werewould/could/...+v.原形对将来的虚拟did/wereweretodoshoulddowould/could+v.原形‘if’虚拟条件句的结构a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设Ifiwereaboyevenjustforaday,

i'drolloutofbedinthemorning.从句were主句wouldrollout(a)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件

状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,

而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。IfI

were

aboy,I

would

breakmanygirl'shearts.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…9、要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。11月-2211月-22Friday,November18,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。08:37:1508:37:1508:3711/18/20228:37:15AM11、只有让学生不把全部时间都用在学习上，而留下许多自由支配的时间，他才能顺利地学习……（这）是教育过程的逻辑。11月-2208:37:1508:37Nov-2218-Nov-2212、要记住，你不仅是教课的教师，也是学生的教育者，生活的导师和道德的引路人。08:37:1508:37:1508:37Friday,November18,202213、Hewhoseizetherightmoment,istherightman.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。11月-2211月-2208:37:1508:37:15November18,202214、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。18十一月20228:37:15上午08:37:1511月-2215、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。十一月228:37上午11月-2208:37November18,202216、教学的目的是培养学生自己学习，自己研究，用自己的头脑来想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手来做这种精神。2022/11/188:37:1508:37:1518November202217、儿童是中心，教育的措施便围绕他们而组织起来。8:37:15上午8:37上午08:37:1511月-22Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.

人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。

IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.Practice1:AlittletalkYouhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?IfI____

ateacher,I….were(b)与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should/would/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone(c)与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。Ifthegodshouldgive/weretogive/gavemeachance,IwouldtellthatgirlthatIloveher.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe虚拟语气的省略从句中有should,were,had三个助动词时，可以将if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereabutterfly,Iwouldtakepossessionofalltheflowersintheworld.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldsleepallday.Ifmymotherhadgivenmemorenutrition,iwouldhavegrowntaller.WereIabutterflyShoulditraintomorrowHadmymothergivenback

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:

从句动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“

would＋动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.

她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.

他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时关于虚拟语气辩析1关于虚拟语气辩析2关于虚拟语气辩析3关于虚拟语气辩析4关于虚拟语气辩析5从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.—HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

—No,butIwishI______.

A.have

B.will

C.do

D.had

2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything______.

A.willdie

B.woulddie

C.wouldhavedied

D.havedied

3.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.

A.couldhavegone

B.couldgo

C.havegone

D.went

4.IfI______you,I______moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpay

B.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpay

D.were;wouldpay

5.Iwishthatyou______suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.wouldn’thave

B.didn’thave

C.hadn’thad

D.haven’thad

6.Whenastickispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasthoughit___.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.“Areyougoingtotheballtonight?”“It’stoolatenow.HowIwish____aboutitearlier!”A.I’llknowB.I’veknownC.IknowD.I’dknown8.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody____therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey9.“Jack’sbeenillforsomeweeks.”“Iknow.Iwish____seeadoctor.”A.heshouldB.hecanC.he’llD.hecould10.“Youshouldhavegonetothecinemawithusyesterday.Thefilmwasverygood.”“IwishI____yesterdayoff.I’dhavegonewithyou.”A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.hadhad11.Itistimethatwe_____thispractice.A.stopB.stoppedC.willstopD.havestopped12.IwishI_____ashealthyasmycousin.A.wereB.amC.wasD.willbe13.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___

friendsforyears.A.havebeenB.areC.wereD.hadbeen句型练习(用IfIwereyou句