张志东研究员申报2011年度辽宁省自然科学奖材料

PAGEPAGE15张志东研究员申报2011年度辽宁省自然科学奖材料项目名称磁性纳米胶囊的制备、磁性和电磁性能研究推荐单位（或推荐专家）中科院金属研究所（都有为院士,叶恒强院士,李依依院士）项目简介本项目用直流电弧等离子体法、化学气相冷凝法等在不同气氛中制备出Fe-Ni(C)、Fe-Co(C)、Fe(B)@BO、B@BN、Dy@C、α-Fe@Al2O3、Mn@MnO、WS2、Dy@Dy2O3、GdAl2@Al2O3、Fe@BN等数十种新型磁性纳米胶囊。

发明了控制反应气氛制备碳、硼包裹等磁性纳米胶囊的方法。发现甲烷中的碳分解在过渡金属超微颗粒的表面形成保护层从而形成了具有核－壳层结构的纳米胶囊，从而增强了超微颗粒的抗氧化性和磁性。乙硼烷中的硼分解在过渡金属超微颗粒的表面形成氧化硼壳层结构。还发明了利用不同元素熔点、定量氧辅助气-液-固机制制备合金纳米胶囊的方法，特别是成功合成稀土-过渡金属化合物的纳米胶囊。用高分辨电镜对各种纳米胶囊的壳－核结构进行表征和对比，研究其生长机制以及形成机理。成功地将无序的纳米胶囊自组装成新型三维珊瑚状的宏观聚集体。对形成的纳米胶囊中的不同的相结构、相转变过程和介观磁性进行了研究。研究各种纳米胶囊的磁性交换耦合、交换各向异性、超顺磁性、自旋排列等介观磁性。发现在具有壳-核结构的磁性纳米颗粒中存在非传统的交换偏置、超顺磁性等效应。报导了磁性纳米胶囊具有优秀的电磁吸收和磁致冷性能。研究“核/壳”型纳米胶囊及其改性纳米复合材料的微波吸收机理。开辟了制备和应用各种新型纳米胶囊的新方法和新途径。

纳米胶囊的工作在国际学术刊物上发表论文94篇，被同行在国际学术刊物上1016余篇次引用（统计至2011年4月）。应邀为国际专著Encyclopedia

of

Nanoscience

and

Nanotechnology撰写纳米胶囊章节、为J.

Mater.

Sci.

Tech.撰写磁性纳米胶囊的综述报告。完成人及其学术贡献张志东，负责项目的总体设计和运行，课题申请，国际合作项目的申请和执行。提出一系列创新学术思想。采用气体硼源（乙硼烷）制备出氧化硼包覆金属纳米胶囊，用X射线衍射、电子能谱仪、X射线光电子谱仪、高分辨电子显微镜详细研究了纳米胶囊的形貌、平均尺寸、晶格常数、表面状态等。用穆斯堡尔谱等手段分析了纳米胶囊中存在的不同相组成。对形成的纳米胶囊中的不同的相的结构、相转变过程和磁性进行了研究。分析相的相转变机理和各类相之间的关系，找出影响其结构热稳定性的关键因素。根据获得的微观结构和成分的实验观察结果构建纳米胶囊壳-核结构的模型。分析在不同气氛条件下制备的金属纳米胶囊的形成机制。研究纳米胶囊的超顺磁性、交换耦合、磁熵变效应、电磁波吸收等。董星龙，直接利用甲烷、乙硼烷等气体中的原子合成了过渡金属和合金的磁性纳米胶囊。发现甲烷中的碳在过渡金属超微颗粒的表面形成一层保护层从而形成了一种特殊的核－壳层结构，从而增强了抗氧化性和磁性。在传统气-液-固（Vapour-Liquid-Solid，VLS）机制的基础上，提出一种对传统VLS机制的扩充概念??“定量氧辅助VLS”机制。制备和研究了数种“核/壳”型纳米结构，包括碳材料、异质金属氧化物、聚合物“壳”层包覆各类金属合金“核”复合粒子，对其物理化学制备方法、形成规律、微结构及特性进行系统研究。以“核/壳”型结构作为磁性、介电损耗材料的复合形式，研究微波损耗特性，开拓新型纳米微波吸收剂的新途径。耿殿雨，发明一种利用不同金属的熔点和蒸汽压不同制备异质合金纳米胶囊的技术，先后成功制备了Al2O3包覆Fe纳米胶囊等,为发展其它类型的Al2O3包覆过渡金属纳米胶囊,Al2O3包覆稀土过渡金属化合物纳米胶囊以及ZnO包覆过渡金属纳米胶囊等开辟了道路.

参与利用乙醇等制备出碳包覆过渡金属纳米胶囊、碳包覆稀土金属纳米胶囊等工作。参与磁性纳米胶囊的电磁性能研究。王振华，将化学气相冷凝法用于制备Fe/C、FeCo/C、Co/C金属纳米粒子/胶囊，即以有机金属前驱体为原料，蒸发、热解形成原子（离子）态金属，液氮冷凝后形成小颗粒金属纳米粒子。通过不同制备工艺制备出不同平均尺寸磁性金属纳米粒子，展现出从铁磁性到超顺磁性的变化过程，并构造出不同类型的壳/核结构。在Co/C纳米胶囊中发现CoC2纳米粒子的存在，CoC2现在已经发展成为一种新型不含稀土的永磁材料，成为国际学术界的热点。司平占，用酒精制备碳包覆金属纳米胶囊，并合成稀土单质纳米胶囊。利用后续高温反应制备出氮化硼纳米胶囊、WS2包裹W的纳米胶囊、MoS2包裹Mo/MoO2和WS2包裹CoS/CoO的纳米胶囊等。发现在反铁磁相的奈尔温度高于铁磁相的居里温度的壳核Mn/

MnO/

Mn3O4纳米颗粒体系中存在非传统的交换偏置现象。论文、论著目录序号论文名称/刊名/作者影响因子年卷页码发表时间年月通讯作者/第一责任人SCI他引次数他引总次数是否国内完成1Microwaveabsorptionpropertiesofthecarbon-coatednickelnanocapsules,Appl.Phys.Lett.

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