考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文n

考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文n一、理论常识比较结构no/not...otherthanthe比较级......，the比较级……rather...than...morethan/nomorethanlessthan/nolessthanmoreAthanB/nomoreAthanBlessAthanB/nolessAthanBnothingelsethanasmuchasnotas...as...notsomuch...as...二,真题举例Theymayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.(2006,50)【重点词汇解析】reflection,n.反射、沉思;involve,n.涉及、包含【参考翻译】他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是这些人大部分对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。省略句型结构一、真题举例However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhenexposedtoitoftenenough.(05,完型)【重点词汇解析】insensitive,adj.感觉迟钝的;expose,vt.使曝光、揭露、显示【参考翻译】然而我们却发现，即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感,如果经常接触这种气味，也会对它敏感起来。一.理论常识强调主要有两种形式：.强调谓语Egl:Iloveyou.一＞Idoloveyou.一＞Ididloveyou.Eg2:Cellphone/Internet/computerbringsusconvenience.一＞Cellphone/Internet/computerdoesbringusconvenience..强调句式：Itis/was+被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。【步骤】a.先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。b.在被强调成分（除谓语和补语外）两边添加itis/was和that/who,其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。【强调句式特征】去掉itis/was...that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。Egl:MymotheralwaysencouragesmenottoloseheartwhenIhavedifficultiesinstudy.—＞Itismymotherwho/thatalwaysencouragesmenottoloseheartwhenIhavedifficultiesinstudy.—＞ItiswhenIhavedifficultiesinstudythatmymotheralwaysencouragesmenottoloseheart.二.真题举例Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.【重点词汇解析】couplewith与......相结合;maximize,v.5大值、达到最大值【参考翻译】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。否定句型结构一、理论常识.部分否定Notbothofthemaremybrothers.Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.Allisnotgoldthatglitters..双重否定双重否定分为三种：肯定型：Therearenoroseswithoutthorns.强调型：Ijustcanztdonothing.委婉型:Ican7thardlyreadyourhandwriting..几乎否定Sheisbarelyright.Iseldomgotanysleeplastnight.Fewpeoplecanunderstandwhyhedidit.二、真题举例Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.【重点词汇解析】methodology,n.方法论;referto参考、涉及、指的是；branch,n.分支v.分支、出现分歧【参考翻译】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。一、理论常识倒装句的几种形式.以here,there,then,now,next引出的倒装句。Herecomesthespecialguestoftheparty.Thereseemtobemanybeautifulgirlsintheuniversity..以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句。Attheschoolgatestoodanoldwoman.Underthetreearesittingsomestudents.Onthebedlayabigteddybear.注意：主语为代词是不用倒装。.以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句。Offwentthehorse.Downfelladozenapples..否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首。NeverhaveIseensuchagoodteacher.Notamomentdidhewasteoncampus.Bynomeansshouldshebeleftalone.UndernocircumstanceswillIbelieveyou..only置于句首。Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeadifference..as/though引导让步状语从句。Richasheis,hespendsacentoncharity.Tryas/thoughhedoes,heneverseemsabletogetahighscoreintheexams..在虚拟条件句中,连词if省略时,即将were,had,should等词提到句首。WereIyou,Iwouldtakethischance.Shouldhecometomorrow,hewouldhelpustosettletheproblem.二.真题举例Oddthoughitsoundszcosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.【重点词汇解析】plausible,adj.貌似可信的;consequence,n.结果、推论；astrophysicist,n.天体物理学家【参考翻译】尽管它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论，并且很多天体物理学家在近十年中已经相信这种理论是真实的。插入句型结构一、理论常识插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释或者说明整个句子，去掉之后句子仍然完整。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构。在这就不一一论述了。但值得注意的是插入语的翻译，有些插入语，尤其是位于句首的插入语，可保持原文中的词序。然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。二、真题举例But,forasmallgroupofstudents,pro