小升初语法总结之八

名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。下面主要介绍一下名词的复数规则：.一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,力口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knives.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese随堂练习：Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea答案wethemthesetheir、themwatcheschildrenphotosdiariesdaysfeetbooksdressesteethsheepboxesstrawberriesthievesyo-yospeachessandwichesmenwomenpaperjuice小升初语法总结之二 般现在时态一般现在时的功能.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don*t(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Hedoesn，toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon*t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedocsn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般现在时用法练习：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike__(like)cooking.12.They__(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways (do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.I'mstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.—Whatday(be)ittoday?-It'sSaturday.题目的答案：一、写出下列动词第三人称单数drinksgoesstaysmakeslookshaspassescarriescomeswatchesplantsfliesstudiesbrushesdoesteaches二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Inhas2、are3、Inhas2、are5、Do-Tike6、do…do5、Do-Tike6、do…do7、Do…read8、teaches9、take10>is11、likes12、have13、looks14、do15、amgoesdoes18、watches19、have20、is.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing..现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则.一般情况下,直接加ing,如：cook-cooking.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing,如：make-making,taste-tasting.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时练习题：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.It's5o'clocknow.We(have)suppernow.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：Theyaredoinghousework.（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）Tmplayingthefootballintheplayground.（对划线部分进行提问）Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.（对划线部分进行提问）答案如下：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playingrunningswinnningmakinggoinglikingwritingskiingreadinghavingsingingdancingputtingseeingbuyinglovinglivingtakingcominggettingstoppingsittingbeginningshopping二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1、isdrawing2、aresingingiscookingare...doingarehaving6、aren*twateringaredancingislisteningarehavingIs...washing三、句型转换：Aretheydoinghousework?Theyaren'tdoinghousework.2、Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren?t.3、Whatareyoudoingintheplaygroud?WhereisTomreadingbooks?一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year***),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be动词(am,is,are)1后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't。例如：I*mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.-*Tmnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.-*Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。.问人。Who例如：I*mgoingtoNewYorksoon.-*Who,sgoingtoNewYorksoon..问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.-*Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon..问什么时候。When.例如：She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.-*Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=1willgoswimmingtomorrow.今日练习：填空：我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.I haveapicnicwithmyfriends.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What nextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。yourmother goshoppingthis ?Yes,she .She buysomefruit.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancygoingtogocamping.V11goandjointhem.(改否定)Igojointhem.I'mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问)sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空：Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It'sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(dO)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow答案如下：一、填空amgoingtowillareyougoingtodoamgoingtowillwillIs...goingto...weekendwillisgoingtoare...goingto二、改句子isn'twon，t...orAreyougoingWillyouWhatis...goingtodoWhois三、用所给词的适当形式填空wi11havewillgogoeswillgowatchcatchwill...dowillwatch...catchdidpickedwillyoudowillmilkwillvisitflewwi11giveamplanning小升初语法总结之五 般过去时态一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一。般过去时中变为waso(wasnot=wasn,t)(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren,t)⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are,样，即否定句在was或were后加not,■般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn't+动词原形，如：Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.•般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked.结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied.不规则动词过去式：is-was,are_were,do_did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go_went,come_came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习材料一、写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplant— —aredrink playgomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrow kickpassdo二、Be动词的过去时练习用be动词的适当形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening.IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday..TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildren,sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.三、行为动词的过去时练习用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy__(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They—_(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother__(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(sing)and (dance)attheparty.9.I (watch)acartoononSaturday.10.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.11.Wetozooyesterday,we tothepark,(go)12. you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?13. he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he .14.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.15.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother16.Whatshe (find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.一般过去时态练习题答案：一、写出下列动词的过去式wasflewplantedweredrankplayedwentmadediddancedworriedaskedtastedatedrewputthrewkickedpasseddid二、Be动词的过去时练习1.was2.was3.were4.were5.was6.was7.was8.was9.am10.was11.were12.are13.was14.are15.was16.iswaswaswere三、行为动词的过去时练习1.lived2.ate3.had4.picked5.made6.played7.cooked8.sang...danced9.watched10.read11.wentwent12.Did...visit13.Did...fly14.pulled15.sweptdidn't16.did...findfound小升初语法总结之六——形容词和副词比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。.形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er：⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er..不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级.形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动）⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better,far-farther）形容词和副词比较级的练习一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old— young _tall__long shortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautifullowhighslowfastlateearlyfarwell二）、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary,shairisas(long)asLucy's.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she.Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls.Myeyesare(big)than(she)..Whichis (heavy),theelephantorthepig?Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?thegirlsgetup(early)thantheboys?No,they.Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow).Thechilddoesn*t(write)as (fast)asthestudents.三)、翻译句子：比Jim年纪大？是你。is thanJim? are比David更强壮？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan.的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。penci1is ,or?is,Ithink.的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples ,your oryour?My.和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam.和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。HeasasJim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。No,thanhim..YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday..我跳得和Mike一样远。IasasMike..Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_Tom thanyou?No,he.Heasas..多做运动，你会更强壮。moreexercise,you*11 soon..我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I atScience.ButIdon'twellinChinese..你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you—thekitethanWangbing?No,Iitthan ,.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike.Allmythanme..我的姐姐起得比我早。Myupthanme..女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_thegirls theboys?Yes,they _..她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn,t inPE.ButIdon't than.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_you footballthanyourclassmates?No,they as asme..我母亲比我父亲年纪小。Mythanmy..她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweaterasas.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydresstoo.Iwanttoaone..rmtallerthanMike.（该成用原级的比较）I*masasMike.一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级older/elderyoungertallerlongershorterstrongerbiggersmallerfatterthinnerheavierlighternicerbettermorebeautifullowerhigherslowerfasterlaterearlierfarther/furtherbetter二）、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.olderasfatasyoungerthinnerbiggerlongjumpshigherDose...betterdosetallbigger...hersheavierearlierDo...earlierdoslowlymoreslowlywrite...fast三）、翻译句子1.Who...olderYou2.Who*sstronger...is3.Whose...longer,his...hers?HersWhose...areheavier,sister*s...brother1s?brother，sareAreyou...tallis...young...hisfriendIsshe...fat...her...brother?shetsthinnergoes...bedlaterjump...farDose...runfaster,dosen*t.runs...fast...meDoing...be...strongeramgooddoDo...fly...higher,fly...lower...himswimming...friends...swim...slowliersisiter...gets...earlierDo...singthebetterthan?dodowell.jump...higher...herDo...play...better?play...wellmotherisyounger...fatherHer...is...heavy...mineis...short,buy...longernot...tall小升初语法总结之七 Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are：如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What*s+介词短语？herebe句型与have,has的练习

Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or"thereis,thereare”1.I_ agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.——atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_—atape-recorder.4.abasketballintheplayground.5.Shesomedresses.6.They —anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou_ ?8._areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike ?10.——anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_astory-book.12.— astory-bookonthetable.13.— anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents intheclassroom?15.Myparents_ somenicepictures.16.somemapsonthewall.17.amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David atelescope.19.David,sfriends sometents.20.——manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、There_apictureandamaponthewall.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fillintheblankwith,have,has

LI anicepuppet.2.He agoodfriend.3.They _somemasks.4.Wesomeflowers.5.Shea।duck.6.Myfather anewbike.7.Hermotheravase.8.OurteacheranEnglishbook.9.Ourteachersabasketball.10.Theirparents someblankets11.Nancymanyskirts.12.Davidsomejackets.13.Mvfriendsafootball.14.Whatdoyou?15.WhatdoesMike?16.Whatdoyourfriends ?17.WhatdoesHelen?18.Hisbrotherabasketball.19.Hersisteranicedoll.20.MissLianEnglishbook.herebe句型与have,has的练习Lhave2.Thereis3.has4.Thereis5.has6.have7.have8.Isthere9.have10.Arethere11.has12.Thereis13.Arethere14.arethere15.have16.Thereare17.Thereis18.has19.have20.Thereare用恰当的be动词填空。1.are2.is3.are4.is5.is6.were7.was8.areFillintheblankwith"have,hasnLhave2.has3.have4.have5.has6.has7.has8.has9.have10.have11.has12.hashave14,have15.have16.have17.have18.has19.has20.has小升初语法总结之八——人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后)，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你,你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们的ourours他(她，它)们theythem他(她，它)们的theirtheirs一.填写代词表Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所给词的适当形式填空Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)Isthiswatch?(you)No,it'snot.(I)isJack.Look!Thosestampsare.(he)dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare?(you)Herearemanydolls,whichoneis?(she)Icanfindmytoy,butwhere's?(you)Showyourkite,OK?(they)IisMimi.Thesecakesare.(it)Arethese tickets?No,arenot ,aren,there.(they)Shal1havealookatthatclassroom?Thatisclassroom.(we)ismyaunt.Doyouknowjob?anurse.(she)Thatisnotcamera.isathome.(he)Whereare?Ican*tfind.Let'scallparents.(they)Don*ttouch.notacat.atiger!sisterisill.Pleasegoandget.(she)don'tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell.(we)Somanydogs.Let9scount.(they)Ihavealovelybrother.isonly3.Ilikeverymuch.(he)MayIsitbeside?(you)Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon,(it)Thegirlbehindisourfriend,(she小升初语法总结之九——数词表示“多少”和“第几”的词，叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。1)基数词：在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符"-"。如：21twenty-one'基数词三位以上的数词，在百位和十位之间，一般要用连词"and**o如：132onehundredandthirty-two.表示"万”的词英语中没有。如1万可用10千来表示。tenthousand.30万可用threehundredthousand来表不。基数词的用法：.编号的事物用基数词：如：LessonFive,Room101.表示“年，月，日“时用基数词。.表示“几点钟，几点过几分”用基数词。Itistwototwo.现在是两点差两分。.加减乘除用基数词。Oneplustwoisthree.一加二等于三。Eightminusfourisfour.八减四等于四。Twotimestwoisfour.二乘二等于四.Tendividedbytwoisfive.十除二等于五。5表示百分数用基数词.Thirtypercentofthemiswater.它们当中有30%的水。.表示分数时，分子数字用基数词，但分母要用序数词，如分子不是1,序数词要用友数形式。One-fifthofthebooksaremine.三分之一的书是我的。Three-tenthsofwaterisdisappeared. 十分之三的水不见了。2)序数词：表示数目顺序的词用序数词。.序数词1—19除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二变化不规则外，其余均由在基数词后加上-th。.十位整数的序数词的构成方法是，是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-eth。.几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。.第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first，onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth.序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first—1stsecond-2ndthird―3rdfourth-4thsixth--6thtwentieth--20thtwenty-third—23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。.通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，ayr,,We'vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?.基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后(名词需大写)即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson-LessonOne,thefifthPage5>thetwenty-firstroom-Room21数词在线练习题()1.rvereadsportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof)2.DuringWorldWarII,aJewish(犹太)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethD.thefiftieth)3.Theriverthroughourcity,whichisabout,iscleanagain.A.6000meterslongB.6000-metres-longC.6000-metreTongD.6000meterlong)4.IstudyinYuCaiMiddleSchool.Therearetwo studentsinourschool.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof)5.Theysaidtheywouldhave holiday.A.atwo-monthB.twomonthsC.two-monthsD.two-month*s()6.-WhenwasthePLAfounded?-Itwasfoundedon .A.July1.1921B.October1.1949C.May1.1922D.August1.1927)7.Inthepasttwoyears,manytai1buildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisan thatstandsinthecentre.A.80-floorbuildingB.60-floorbuildingC.80-floorbuildingsD.70floorsbuilding()8.Thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty>butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were；wasB.was；wasC.was；wereD.were；were()9.-Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?-Inabout.A.oneandahalfmonthB.onemonthandahalfC.oneandhalfamonthD.amonthandhalf()10.-Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?-Oh,yes.,please.A.5kilobananasB.5kilosofbananasC.5kiloofbananasD.5kilosofbanana小升初语法总结之十 todo与doing的区别一般情况下，todo是一般将来式，是打算去做什么；doing是现在进行式，是现在正在做什么，也有例外，具体情况具体分析。 下面是有关该问题的习题讲解，希望有所帮助。todo和doing意义各不同stopdoing/todostoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking. 我必须戒烟了。forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。（未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事。（已做）Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。 （已做过关灯的动作）Don'tforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。 （tocome动作未做）rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事 （未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事 （已做）Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don*tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗？regretdoing/todoregrettodo对要做的事遗憾。 （未做）regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。（已做）Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。ceasedoing/todoceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个部门已不复存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。trydoing/todotrytodo努力，企图做某事。trydoing试验，试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths,hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习beafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为〃怕”；beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕”。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。beinteresteddoing/todointerestedtodo对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interestedindoing对某种想法感兴趣，doing通常为想法。Tshal1beinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）rminterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗？（一种想法）meantodoing/todomeantodo打算、想meandoing意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。begin（start）doing/todobegin/starttodosthbegin/startdoingsth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todoIwasbeginningtogetangryo我开始生起气来。3)在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todooIbegintounderstandthetrutho我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时Itbegantomelt.感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调〃我看见了”这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。练习题：()1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest()2. Thelightintheofficeisstillon. Oh,Iforgot .A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff()3.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting. Well,nowIregret that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone()4.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow

()5.Themissingboywaslastseen neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay()6.lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.ATosleepBSleepingCSleepDHavingsleep()7.Doesshelikestamps?A.collectB.tocollectingC.collectingD.collectting()8.Wouldyoulikesomewater?()8.Wouldyoulikesomewater?A.drinkeB.todrinkC.drankD.drinking)9.Areyouinterestedin?A.drawingB.drawC.todrawD.drew)10.Lucydoeswel1inEnglish.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnningD.learning小升初语法总结十 独立主格结构（一）（-）:独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词;名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+介词短语构成。（二）:独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Thisdone,wewenthome.工作完成后，我们才回家。Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.他夹着木厚书，走出了图书馆（三）：With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用With的复合结构。with+名词（代同）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例：Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.注意：1）独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.（hand前不能加his）。2）当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.独立主格练习：Weather ,we*11gooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withal1thingswereconsidered ,thebusstartedatonce.A.ThesignalwasgivenB.ThesignalgivingC.ThesignalgivenD.WhenthesignalgivenHelefttheoffice_A.tearsbeingineyesBtearsineyes,CbeingtearsineyesD,withtearsbeingineyes.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyoftranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.thisD.thatHewrotealotofnovels,manyofweretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(7)Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyofweretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatThereImetseveralpeople,twoofbeingforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.thatThereImetseveralpeople,twoofwereforeigners.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoofwereforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that小升初语法总结十二——独立主格结构（二）独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：1）表示时间Themeetingbeingover,al1ofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。2）表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。3）表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare,thenightbeingdarkandfrosty.夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。4)表示伴随情况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,andsilveristhebestofall.)常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：.名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn，tknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Timepermitting(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。.名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。.名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。.名词/主格代词+形容词。如：Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。.名词/主格代词+副词。如：Heput